Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
We present our progress in the fabrication and measurement of a transmission-based dielectric double-grating accelerator structure. The structure lends itself to simpler coupling to the accelerating mode in the waveguide with negligible group velocity dispersion effects, allowing for operation with ultra-short (fs) laser pulses. This document describes work being done at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility to create a monolithic guided-wave structure with 800 nm period gratings separated by a fixed sub-wavelength gap using standard optical lithographic techniques on a fused silica substrate. An SEM and other characterization tools were used to measure the fabrication deviations of the grating geometry and simulations were carried out in MATLAB and HFSS to study the effects of such deviations on the resulting accelerating gradient.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
A grating-based design is a promising candidate for a laser-driven dielectric accelerator. Through simulations, we show the merits of a readily fabricated grating structure as an accelerating component. Additionally, we show that with a small design perturbation, the accelerating component can be converted into a focusing structure. The understanding of these two components is critical in the successful development of any complete accelerator.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
A technique has been developed to accurately align a laser beam through a plasma channel by minimizing the shift in laser centroid and angle at the channel outptut. If only the shift in centroid or angle is measured, then accurate alignment is provided by minimizing laser centroid motion at the channel exit as the channel properties are scanned. The improvement in alignment accuracy pro- vided by this technique is important for minimizing electron beam pointing errors in laser plasma accelerators.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) beams are subject to Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) that causes an emittance growth in all three-phase space planes. The only way to increase integrated luminosity is to counteract IBS with cooling during RHIC stores. A stochastic cooling system [1] for this purpose has been developed, it includes moveable pick-ups and kickers in the collider that require precise motion control mechanics, drives and controllers. Since these moving parts can limit the beam path aperture, accuracy and reliability is important. Servo, stepper, and DC motors are used to provide actuation solutions for position control. The choice of motion stage, drive motor type, and controls are based on needs defined by the variety of mechanical specifications, the unique performance requirements, and the special needs required for remote operations in an accelerator environment. In this report we will describe the remote motion control related beam line hardware, position transducers, rack electronics, and software developed for the RHIC stochastic cooling pick-ups and kickers.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Continued beam-based alignment (BBA) efforts have provided significant benefit to both heavy ion and polarized proton operations at RHIC. Recent studies demonstrated previously unknown systematic beam position monitor (BPM) offset errors and produced accurate measurements of individual BPM offsets in the experiment interaction regions. Here we describe the algorithm used to collect and analyze data during the 2010 and early 2011 RHIC runs and the results of these measurements.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
With inauguration of the CEBAF Element Database(CED) in Fall 2010, Jefferson Lab computer scientists have taken a first step toward the eventual goal of a model-driven accelerator. Once fully populated, the database will be the primary repository of information used for everything from generating lattice decks to booting iocs to building controls screens. A requirement influencing the CED design is that it provide access to not only present, but also future, and eventually past, configurations of the accelerator. To accomplish this, an introspective database schema was designed that allows new elements, types, and properties to be defined on-the-fly with no changes to table structure. Used in conjunction with Oracle Workspace Manager, it allows users to query data from any time in the database history with the same tools used to query the present configuration. Users can also check-out workspaces to use as staging areas for upcoming machine configurations. All Access to the CED is through a well-documented API that is translated automatically from original C++ into native libraries for script languages such as perl, php, and TCL making access to the CED easy and ubiquitous.
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
The linear accelerators applied to drive Free Electron Lasers (FELs), such as the X-Ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), require sophisticated control systems. The Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) control systems of a linear accelerator should provide signal to vector modulator in less than 1 microsecond. Therefore the latency of communication interfaces is more important than their throughput. The paper discusses the application of serial gigabit links for transmission of data in LLRF systems. The latency of pure serial transmission based on Xilinx RocketIO transceivers was evaluated and compared with Xilinx Aurora protocol. The developed low latency protocol will be also presented.
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
The polyhedral cavity is a superconducting cavity structure in which a multi-cell cavity is built from a Roman-arch assembly of arc segments. Each segment has a Tesla-like r-z profile, and is fabricated either by bonding a Nb foil to a Cu substrate wedge or by depositing a Nb surface on the Cu substrate. The segments are assembled with an arrangement of locking rings and alignment pins, with a controlled narrow gap between segments over much of the arc-span of adjoining segments. A tubular channel is machined in the mating surfaces of the Cu wedges. Dipole modes are suppressed by locating along each channel a tube coated with rf-terminating ferrite. A first model of the cavity is being built to investigate mode structure, evaluate alternatives for the Nb surface fabrication, and develop assembly procedures.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York, USA
A spiral wound “pancake” coil made from YBCO coated conductor has been stressed to a pressure of 100MPa in the axial direction at 77K. In this case axial refers to the coil so that the force is applied to the edge of the conductor. The effect on the critical current was small and completely reversible. Repeatedly cycling the pressure had no measureable permanent effect on the coil. The small current change observed exhibited a slight hysteretic behaviour during the loading cycle.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
An alternate structure for the 120mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet is presently under development for use in the upgrade for LHC at CERN. The design aims to build on existing technology developed in LARP with the LQ and HQ magnets and to further optimize the features required for operation in the accelerator. The structure includes features for maintaining mechanical alignment of the coils to achieve the required field quality. It also includes a helium containment vessel and provisions for cooling with 1.9k helium. The development effort includes the assembly of a six inch model to verify required coil load is achieved. Status of the R&D effort and an update on the magnet design, including its incorporation into the design of a complete one meter long cold mass is presented.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
ANL, Argonne, USA
Short-period superconducting undulators (SCUs) are presently being developed for the Advanced Photon Source. Field measurements of the SCUs will be performed at 4.2 K and near 300 K, so temperature-dependent calibration of the Hall probes is necessary. The sensitivity of the Hall probes has been measured at temperatures from 5 K to 320 K over a magnetic field range of ␣1.5 T. It was found that the sensitivity increased as the temperature decreased from 300 K to about 150 K. A specially designed probe assembly, with three Hall sensors for measuring both the horizontal and vertical field components, has been calibrated. The techniques for doing the calibration and the measurement results at various temperatures will be presented.
ANL, Argonne, USA
A short period superconducting undulator (SCU) is being developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The on-axis field of the prototype 1.6-cm period 42-pole SCU0 was measured with a cryogenic Hall probe system. Typical permanent magnet undulators provide end-field correction by decreasing the strength of the magnets on both ends of each jaw. In the case of the SCU0, a set of correction coils was wound on the two end grooves of each of the steel cores along with the main coils to provide the required end fields. These correction coils were connected in series and energized with one power supply to provide simple and symmetrical operation. The measured phase errors of the SCU0 were below 2 degrees rms without any local magnetic tuning of the device.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) represent a class of optical fibers which have a wide spectrum of applications in the telecom and sensing industries. Currently, the Advanced Accelerator Research Department at SLAC is developing photonic bandgap particle accelerators, which are photonic crystal structures with a central defect used to accelerate electrons and achieve high longitudinal electric fields. Extremely compact and less costly than the traditional accelerators, these structures can support higher accelerating gradients and will open a new era in high energy physics as well as other fields of science. Based on direct laser acceleration in dielectric materials, the so called photonic band gap accelerators will benefit from mature laser and semiconductor industries.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
ANL, Argonne, USA
Two single-cell, superconducting, squashed elliptical crab cavities with waveguides to damp Higher Order Modes (HOM) and Lower Order Mode (LOM) have been designed and prototyped for the Short Pulse X-ray (SPX) project at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The Baseline cavity with LOM damper on the beam pipe has been vertically tested and exceeded its performance specification with over 0.5MV deflecting voltage. The Alternate cavity design which uses an “on-cell” waveguide damper is preferred due to its larger LOM impedance safety margin. Its prototype cavity has been fabricated by a Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machine and is subject to further testing. The conceptual design, layout and analysis for various cryomodule components are presented.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The high-brightness design of NSLS-II requires uncorrelated vertical RMS motion of the multipole magnets on a girder to be less than 25 nm. Also, the highly nonlinear lattice requires alignment of the multipole magnets to 30 microns. The speaker will describe the stability of the girder-magnets assembly and the factors affecting it, such as ambient ground motion and temperature fluctuations in the storage ring. Technical solutions to achieve the desired stability will be presented as well.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A unique application of the pulsed-wire measurement method has been implemented for alignment of 2.5T pulsed solenoid magnets. The magnetic axis measurement has been shown to have a resolution of better than 25 μm. The accuracy of the technique allows for the identification of inherent field errors due to, for example, the winding layer transitions and the current leads. The alignment system is developed for the induction accelerator NDCX-II under construction at LBNL, an upgraded Neutralized Drift Compression eXperiment for research on warm dense matter and heavy ion fusion. Precise alignment is essential for NDCX-II, since the ion beam has a large energy spread associated with the rapid pulse compression such that misalignments lead to corkscrew deformation of the beam and reduced intensity at focus. The ability to align the magnetic axis of the pulsed solenoids to within 100 μm of the induction cell axis has been demonstrated.
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
We describe the operation and commissioning of the Jefferson Lab UV FEL using a CW SRF ERL driver. Based on the same 135 MeV linear accelerator as the Jefferson Lab 10 kW IR Upgrade FEL, the UV driver ERL uses a bypass geometry to provide transverse phase space control, bunch length compression, and nonlinear aberration compensation necessitating a unique set of commissioning and operational procedures. Additionally, a novel technique to initiate lasing is described. To meet these constraints and accommodate a challenging installation schedule, we adopted a staged commissioning plan with alternating installation and operation periods. This report addresses these issues and presents operational results from on-going beam operations.