WEPRO —  Poster Session, Ronaldo Area   (18-Jun-14   16:00—18:00)
Paper Title Page
WEPRO001 Effect of Beam Dynamics Processes in the Low Energy Ring ThomX 1933
 
  • N. Delerue, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, I.V. Drebot, M. Jacquet, A. Variola, Z.F. Zomer
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • A. Loulergue
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" as part of the program "investing in the future" under reference ANR-10-EQPX-51 and by grants from Région Ile-de-France.
As part of the R&D for the 50 MeV ThomX Compton source project, we have studied the effect of several beam dynamics processes on the evolution of the beam in the ring. The processes studied include among others Compton scattering, intrabeam scattering, coherent synchrotron radiation. We have performed extensive simulations of a full injection/extraction cycle (400000 turns). We show how each of these processes degrades the flux of photons produced and how a feedback system contributes to recovering most of the flux.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO001  
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WEPRO002 Studies of Ultrashort THz Pulses at DELTA 1936
 
  • P. Ungelenk, L.-G. Böttger, S. Hilbrich, H. Huck, M. Huck, M. Höner, S. Khan, C. Maipresenter, A. Meyer auf der Heide, R. Molo, H. Rast, A. Schick
    DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
  • S. Bielawski, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj
    PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
  • N. Hiller, V. Judin, J. Raasch, P. Thoma
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by the DFG, the BMBF, and the state of NRW.
At DELTA, a 1.5-GeV electron storage ring operated as a light source by the Center for Synchrotron Radiation at the TU Dortmund University, coherent ultrashort THz pulses are routinely generated by density-modulated electron bunches. Tracking simulations as well as experimental studies using ultrafast THz detectors and an FT-IR spectrometer aim at understanding the turn-by-turn evolution of the density modulation after an initial laser-electron interaction. Furthermore, intensity-modulated laser pulses are applied to create narrow-band THz radiation. This setup is part of the new short-pulse facility based on coherent harmonic generation.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO002  
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WEPRO003 Construction of a Laser Compton Scattered Photon Source at cERL 1940
 
  • R. Nagai, R. Hajimapresenter, M. Mori, T. Shizuma
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • T. Akagi, Y. Honda, A. Kosuge, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  A nondestructive assay system of isotopes by quasi-monochromatic gamma-rays and nuclear resonance fluorescence is under development in JAEA. The quasi-monochromatic gamma-rays are generated by laser Compton scattering (LCS) based on energy-recovery linac accelerator and laser technologies. In order to demonstrate the accelerator and laser performance required for the gamma-ray source, an LCS experiment is planned at Compact ERL (cERL) at KEK. A mode-locked fiber laser, laser enhancement cavity, beamline, and experimental hatch are under construction for the LCS experiment. Up-to-date construction status is presented in detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO003  
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WEPRO004 Status of Laser Compton Scattered Gamma-ray Source at JAEA 150-MeV Microtron 1943
 
  • R. Hajima
    JAEA/ERL, Ibaraki, Japan
  • I. Daito, H. Negm, H. Ohgaki
    Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • M. Ferdows, T. Hayakawa, M. Kando, T. Shizuma
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  Funding: This work is supported by Funds for Integrated Promotion of Social System Reform and Research and Development.
We have developed a laser Compton scattered gamma-ray source based on a 150-MeV racetrack microtron at Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The microtron equipped with a photocathode RF gun accelerates a single bunch of electrons to collide with a laser pulse from a Nd:YAG laser. Such gamma-ray source realizes industrial application of nuclear material detection in a ship cargo, which is one of the urgent requests of international nuclear security. Recent status of gamma-ray generation experiments and design study of a practical machine is presented.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO004  
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WEPRO005 Development of Superconducting Spoke Cavity for Laser Compton Scattered Photon Sources 1946
 
  • M. Sawamura, R. Hajimapresenter, R. Nagai
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • H. Fujisawa, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • T. Kubo
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  Funding: This work is supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program.
We have launched a 5-year research program to develop superconducting spoke cavity for laser Compton scattered (LCS) photon sources. For realizing a wide use of LCS X-ray and gamma-ray sources in academic and industrial applications, we adopt 325-MHz superconducting spoke cavity to electron beam drivers for the LCS sources. The spoke cavity, originally invented for ion and proton acceleration, can be used for electron accelerators, in which we can make best use of features of spoke cavity: relative compactness in comparison with a TM cavity of the same frequency, robustness with respect to manufacturing inaccuracy due to its strong cell-to-cell coupling, couplers on outer conductor for the better packing in a linac, and so on. In this paper, we present our research plan and results of cavity shape optimization.
 
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WEPRO006 Beam-driven Terahertz Source based on Open Ended Waveguide with a Dielectric Layer 1949
 
  • A.V. Tyukhtin, S.N. Galyamin, V.V. Vorobevpresenter
    Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • S.P. Antipov
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • S. Baturin
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
 
  Funding: Work is supported by the Grant of the President of Russian Federation (MK-273.2013.2) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 12-02-31258).
Electromagnetic waves with frequencies from 0.1 THz to 10 THz (usually called the Terahertz gap) are of great importance for a number of scientific and practical applications. Different techniques are known allowing generating these frequencies. However, a current trend of physics and industry is to fill this gap with more powerful and efficient sources. For example, recent experiments have shown promising THz generation in dielectric loaded structures*. Developing this area, we consider the THz emitting scheme where an ultrarelativistic charge exits the open end of a cylindrical waveguide with a dielectric layer and produces THz waves in a form of Cherenkov radiation. The end of the waveguide is supposed to be either orthogonal to the structure axis or skewed. To obtain THz frequencies from waveguides with centimeter or millimeter radii, we consider high order modes. We present typical field patterns (in the Fraunhofer zone) and show that the aperture of the vacuum channel gives, as a rule, the main contribution. We also give simple expressions for the angle of the main pattern lobe.
* S. Antipov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 132910 (2012).
 
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WEPRO007 Nanometer Scale Coherent Current Modulation via a Nanotip Cathode Array and Emittance Exchange 1952
 
  • E.A. Nanni, W.S. Graves
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • P. Piot
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • P. Piot
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: NSF DMR-1042342, DARPA N66001-11-1-4192
We present PIC simulations of electron bunches with nm scale longitudinal modulation produced using a compact 2-20 MeV LINAC. The modulation is initially imparted in the transverse dimension of the electron bunch with a nano-patterned photo-emitter in a X-band RF gun with 2 MeV exit energy. The electron bunch passes through a 1 m standing wave X-band LINAC which can raise the beam energy up to 20 MeV. The transverse modulation is exchanged into the longitudinal dimension using a double dog-leg emittance exchange setup with a 5 cell RF deflector cavity. The modulation pitch can be tuned by adjusting the spacing of the nano-patterned photo-emitter or magnification of the transverse pitch with electron optics. The electron beam parameters are optimized to produce coherent XFEL radiation upon interacting with a “laser undulator”.
 
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WEPRO008 A Beam-driven Microwave Undulator for FEL 1956
 
  • A. Kanareykin, C.-J. Jing, P. Schoessow
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • S. Baturin
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • A. Zholents
    ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
 
  Funding: DOE SBIR
Microwave waveguides can in principle be used for undulators with periods less than 1 cm. Intensive work has been done on the recently proposed design that operates at the HE11 hybrid mode of a corrugated waveguide; successful experimental results have been reported recently [S.Tantawi Talk at POSIPOL 2012]. In this presentation we propose a beam driven design for an undulator based on an electron bunch train powering a microwave or mm waveguide. The drive bunch train propagates towards the undulating beam inside a dielectric loaded structure or corrugated waveguide generating high power RF. The “smart” waveguide design and a proper bunch spacing of the electron drive beam train provide single mode generation of the high magnitude undulating field that gives an undulator parameter in the range of K~1 for a high frequency device.*
*A. Zholents, HBEB Workshop, Puerto-Rico, 2013.
 
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WEPRO009 A New Booster Synchrotron for the Sirius Project 1959
 
  • L. Liu, X.R. Resende, A.R.D. Rodrigues, F.H. de Sá
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  The design for the Sirius full energy booster has been modified after the decision to change the storage ring lattice from TBA to 5BA in July 2012. In the new design the booster is concentric with the storage ring and shares the same tunnel. The achieved emittance of 3.7 nm.rad at 3 GeV for this large booster (496.8 m circumference) is better matched to the 5BA storage ring emittance of 0.28 nm.rad. Good nonlinear behaviour and efficient closed orbit correction in the presence of realistic errors are shown. Injection and extraction schemes and eddy current effects during ramping are also discussed.  
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WEPRO011 Design Study of Pulsed Multipole Injection for Aichi SR 1962
 
  • N. Yamamoto, M. Hosaka, A. Mano, T. Takano, Y. Takashima
    Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
  • M. Katoh
    UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
 
  Since March of 2013 the user operation has been started with the top-up injection mode of the storage ring at Aich SR.The accelerators of Aichi SR consisted with a 50 MeV linac, an 1.2 GeV full energy booster and the storage ring. The operation current of the storage ring is 300 mA and the injection rate is up to 1 Hz. The single bunch injection scheme is employed and the electron beam can be injected into the arbitrary bucket of the storage ring. Up to now, the stabilitiy of 0.2 % for the stored beam current was achieved, however, the coherent oscillation of stored beams due to injection kikers is also obserbed. In order to introduce the new injection scheme into Aichi SR and to suppress that coherent oscillation, we have designed the pulsed multipole injection system. The system consists of the sextupole-like pulsed magnet and the micro-sec responce power supply. In the paper, we will report the results of beam tracking calculations with our designed magnet and power supply.  
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WEPRO012 New Injection System of Siberia-2 Light Source 1965
 
  • S.I. Tomin, V. Korchuganov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
 
  The storage ring Siberia-2 is SR source of second generation with circumference 124 m. The electron beam is injected into the ring at the energy 450 MeV. The Siberia-2 injection system was initially consisted of two high voltage rectangular pulses generators connected to the two in-vacuum strip – line kickers of traveling wave (wave impedance 50 Ohm) – a pre-inflector and an inflector. The amplitude voltage was 25-35 kV with 20 ns pulse duration and 2-3 ns pulse front/fall. Recently the new injection generators were proposed. Injection system now includes the same kickers and the new 1 microsecond pulse duration and 10 kV voltage amplitude generators. A dynamics of the electron beam after injection moment is considered in the article. The possibility of effective injection with kikers pulse duration over 2 periods of revolution of the electron beam is shown. The results of the new injection system commissioning are also demonstrated.  
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WEPRO013 Design Modifications and Installation of the Injection Girder System in the Taiwan Photon Source 1968
 
  • K.H. Hsu, J.-R. Chen, Y.L. Chu, H.C. Ho, D.-G. Huang, W.Y. Lai, C.J. Lin, Y.-H. Liu, H.M. Luo, S.Y. Perng, P.L. Sung, T.C. Tseng, H.S. Wang, M.H. Wu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • J.-R. Chen
    National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  The prototype of TPS injection girder system was designed and installed in a temporary factory. As the leakage field of the kicker magnet in the prototype was found to be too large according to both simulation and measurement to be acceptable, the lattice was altered to fit the requirements. In this paper, we present the design modifications of the injection girder system due to the new lattice. The DC septum magnet is replaced by a pre-AC septum magnet, of which its adjustable stage must be redesigned. The positions of vacuum components in the injection girder are also altered; we add some new holes in the prototype girder. The prototype of an injection girder system after modification has been installed in the tunnel of Taiwan Photon Source. The accuracy of position of three girders installed, and the stages for the septum or kicker magnet are within 0.25 and 0.08 mm, respectively.  
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WEPRO014 The Installations of the In-vacuum Kicker System of the Booster Injection Section in TPS 1971
 
  • C.S. Chen, C.K. Chan, K.H. Hsu, Y.T. Huang, Y.-H. Liupresenter, C.S. Yang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  The installations of the In-Vacuum kicker system of the booster injection in TPS are presented in this article. Due to the more than 20 kV operation voltages and precise positioning requirements, the insulations and positioning systems are designed with more attentions. Although increasing the gap between high potential parts and ground could provide enough withstanding voltage, on the other hand, the insufficient space and vacuum requirements limit the sizes of insulators. Therefore, lots of effort have been done to deal with these conflicts. All assembling processes will be described in this paper as well.  
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WEPRO015 RF Injector Beam Dynamics Optimization for LCLS-II 1974
 
  • C. F. Papadopoulos, D. Filippettopresenter, F. Sannibale
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • P. Emma, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.F. Schmerge, L. Wang, F. Zhou
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by the Work supported, in part, by the LCLS-II Project and by the Director of the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DEAC02-05CH11231
LCLS-II is a proposal for a high repetition rate (>1 MHz) FEL, based on a CW, superconducting linac. The LCLS-II injector is being optimized by a collaboration from Cornell University, Fermilab, LBNL, and SLAC. There are a number of different possible technical choices for the injector including an rf gun or a high voltage DC gun. In this paper we present the status of the simulations for the injector optimization for an rf gun choice for LCLS-II. A multiobjective genetic optimizer is implemented for this reason, and optimized solutions for different bunch charges, corresponding to different operating modes, are presented. These operating points are also the initial part of the start-to-end simulations for LCLS-II. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs between compression and brightness conservation in the low energy (<100 MeV) part of the accelerator, as well as the status of sensitivity studies.
 
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WEPRO016 Injection/Extraction Kicker for the ALS-U Project 1977
 
  • S. De Santis, W. Barry, S. Kwiatkowski, T.H. Luo, G.C. Pappaspresenter, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DEAC02-05CH11231
The ALS-II proposal consists in the upgrade of the existing Advanced Light Source at LBNL to a new ultra-low emittance lattice for production of diffraction-limited soft x-rays. In order to compensate for the reduced beam lifetime we intend to operate the machine in continuous top-off mode, where one of several bunch trains is extracted every 30-60 seconds and swapped with a fresh train from the accumulator ring, which is injected on axis without perturbing the circulating beam. In this paper we present a possible design for the injection/extraction kicker based on matched stripline electrodes. The main parameters of such a kicker are discussed in reference to the minimum gap between trains, the storage ring lattice, and the characteristics of a suitable pulser. We also present results from 3D electromagnetic modeling of the proposed kicker performed to evaluate its rise and fall time and field uniformity characteristics.
 
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WEPRO018 Theoretical Maximum Current of the NSLS-II Linac 1980
 
  • R.P. Fliller, F. Gao, G.M. Wang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
An analysis of the maximum available NSLS-II linac current was performed as part of the preparation for NSLS-II Booster commissioning. The analysis was necessary in order to establish the maximum beam current available from the linac and the maximum current that would be available to the booster accelerator. In this paper we discuss the assumptions that were used in determining the maximum linac current, the model of the linac and comparison to operational conditions.
 
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WEPRO019 Comparison of the NSLS-II Linac Model to Measurements 1983
 
  • R.P. Fliller
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The NSLS-II linac and associated transport lines were successfully installed and commissioned in the spring of 2012. Various beam measurements were performed to ensure that the linac met specifications and would be a suitable injector for the NSLS-II booster. In this paper we discuss the outcomes of these measurements and compare them to the model of the NSLS-II linac.
 
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WEPRO020 Energy Interlock in the NSLS II Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line 1986
 
  • S. Seletskiy, R.P. Flillerpresenter, S.L. Kramer, T.V. Shaftan
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Under normal operational conditions in NSLS-II the energy of the beam extracted from the Booster and transferred to and injected into the Storage Ring (SR) is 3 GeV. It was determined that for the commissioning purposes energy range of the beam reaching the SR is allowed to be 2 GeV - 3.15 GeV. While the upper limit of the beam energy is defined by the maximum possible settings of Booster dipoles at the top of the ramp, the lower energy limit has to be provided by magnet interlocks. The constraints of time and resources do not allow providing dynamic interlocks of the Booster dipoles for commissioning stage of NSLS-II. In this paper we find a feasible solution for the static interlock of magnets in the Booster to SR transfer line (BSR) which creates a required “energy filter”.  
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WEPRO022 Modal Analysis of Helical Undulator Radiation In Cylindrical Waveguide 1989
 
  • T.L. Vardanyan, M. Ivanyan, V. Sahakyan, A.V. Tsakanian, G.S. Zanyanpresenter
    CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
 
  The coherent radiation of the relativistic electron beam with helical orbit in circular waveguide is studied. The radiation field configuration is obtained using modal expansion technique. For short electron bunches the coherent part of radiation is evaluated. The coherent radiation effects on the bunch performance are analyzed.  
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WEPRO023 Preventing Superconducting Wiggler Quench during Beam Loss at the Canadian Light Source 1992
 
  • W.A. Wurtz, L.O. Dallin, M.J. Sigrist, J.M. Vogt, M.S. de Jong
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
 
  The Canadian Light Source utilizes two superconducting wigglers for the production of hard x-rays. These superconducting wigglers often quench during beam loss, even though tracking calculations predict that the beam is lost on an aperture far from the wigglers. We present measurements that suggest the tracking simulations are correct and the electron beam indeed strikes the predicted limiting inboard aperture. By simulating the interaction of the beam with the aperture, we find that some scattered electrons can retain sufficient energy to remain inside the storage ring. The simulations show that some of these scattered electrons strike the wiggler vacuum chamber and deposit energy in the superconducting coils, causing the quench.  
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WEPRO024 Simulation of a Long-period EPU Operating in Universal Mode at the Canadian Light Source 1995
 
  • W.A. Wurtz, D. Bertwistle, L.O. Dallin, M.J. Sigrist
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
 
  The Canadian Light Source is implementing an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) with period 180 mm for the production of soft x-rays with variable polarization. Two issues arise from implementing such a device. First, a long-period EPU can cause significant loss of dynamic aperture due to strong dynamic focusing. Second, to compensate for polarization effects due to beamline optics, the EPU must be able to produce light with an arbitrary polarization at the source point, which is referred to as universal mode. We present a scheme for operating the EPU in universal mode and discuss the use of BESSY-style current strips in order to compensate for dynamic effects. Tracking simulations suggest that dynamic aperture can be sufficiently recovered for all required operating points in universal mode.  
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WEPRO027 W164: A Wiggler Dedicated to the PUMA Beamline and the FEMTOSLICING Project at SOLEIL 1998
 
  • O. Marcouillé, H.B. Abualrob, P. Brunelle, L. Chapuis, M.-E. Couprie, T.K. El Ajjouri, M. Labat, J.L. Marlats, F. Marteau, A. Mary, A. Nadji, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux, M. Valléau
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 
  The W164 out-vacuum wiggler was designed and built at SOLEIL with the double goal of producing high energy photons for the PUMA beamline (10 keV to 70 keV) and to be used as a modulator for the FEMTOSLICING project. The insertion device requires simultaneously reaching low resonant energy (1.55 eV) and high critical energy of photons (above 10 keV), leading to the choice of high field and large periods. The 3.28 m long wiggler is composed of 20 periods of 164 mm made of NdFeB magnets and vanadium permendur poles. The required effective field for the FEMTOSLICING is 1.53 T and the maximum total field reaches 1.8T at the minimum gap of 14.5 mm. The small transverse size of the poles was optimized to minimize the magnetic forces (8 tons maximum) resulting, together with the large field produced at minimum gap, to a large vertical dynamic field integral (DFI) inside the horizontal physical aperture of the chamber. A dedicated permanent magnet system was designed, constructed and installed at both wiggler ends to cancel the DFI at minimum gap. The construction of the wiggler, the results of the magnetic measurements and the effects on dynamics measured on electron beam are presented.  
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WEPRO028 A Robinson Wiggler Proposal for the Metrology Light Source 2001
 
  • T. Goetsch, J. Feikes, M. Ries, G. Wüstefeld
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin.
The Metrology Light Source (MLS), situated in Berlin (Germany) is owned by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt and was built / is operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. It is an electron storage ring operating from 105 MeV to 630 MeV. The MLS serves as the national primary source standard from the near infrared to the extreme ultraviolet spectral region *. Users of synchrotron radiation demand an improved lifetime which is Touschek dominated at the MLS. A possible solution to meet this demand is to lengthen the electron bunches. By installing a Robinson Wiggler (RW), damping effects can be transferred from the longitudinal to the horizontal plane **,***, thereby increasing the energy spread and reducing the horizontal emittance. By varying the energy spread, the bunch length can be increased and thus the scattering rate decreased, resulting in an improved lifetime. According to preliminary estimations a considerable increase in lifetime seems achievable, while preserving the source size.
* R. Klein et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 11, 110701, 2008
** K. W. Robinson, Radiation effects in circular electron accelerators, 1958.
*** H. Abualrob et al., MOPPP062, IPAC2012, New Orleans, 2012
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO028  
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WEPRO029 Developing of Advanced Magnet Structures for Cryogenic in Vacuum Permanent Magnet Undulators 2004
 
  • C. Kuhn, J. Bahrdt, A. Gaupp, M. Scheer, B. Schulz
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
 
  Cryogenic in vacuum permanent magnet undulators with periods less than 10 mm and correspondingly narrow gaps require tighter geometric and magnetic tolerances and complex pole designs from different materials to achieve the needed high field strengths. We use new mechanic designs and manufacturing technologies for magnet and pole assembly. We develop new precise and UHV-compatible joining methods which are different from the current approaches which are based on mechanical clamping or gluing. . We examine the mechanical and magnetic properties by performing tests and discuss the results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO029  
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WEPRO031 Design and Commissioning of the FLASH2 Undulators 2007
 
  • A. Schöps, O. Bilani, T. Ramm, M. Tischer, S. Tripathi, P. Vagin
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  This paper reports about aspects of design, manufacturing, and commissioning of the 12 FLASH2 variable gap undulator segments. The accuracy of gap drive and encoder systems was tested by magnetic measurements; changes in the phase error proved to be a highly sensitive probe to verify a reproducibility of 1 μm. After magnetic tuning of the IDs, the remaining gap dependence in the field integrals could be successfully compensated by corrector coils. Inconsiderate handling of components during assembling necessitated an elaborate demagnetisation process before the tuning could start.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO031  
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WEPRO032 Phase Shifters for the FLASH2 FEL 2010
 
  • M. Tischer, P. Neumann, A. Schöps, P. Vagin
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  The FLASH2 SASE undulator section consists of 12 IDs. Each of them is followed by an intersection component comprising a phase shifter and various parts for diagnostics and beam steering. The phase shifter is a compact and simple electromagnetic chicane and has to assure constructive interference of the radiation of adjacent undulators for all wavelengths. The magnetic performance, field errors and the hysteresis behavior have been investigated and were found to be within the required accuracy. The results are discussed in relation to the undulator conditions. From these data tables for steering the phase shifter current as function of undulator gap were derived and implemented in the control system.  
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WEPRO033 Design and Magnetic Measurements on Bi-harmonic Undulators 2013
 
  • G. Sharma, G. Mishra
    Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
  • S. Tripathipresenter
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  In recent years there exists interests in harmonic lasing of free electron lasers for short wavelength operation with low energy electron beams. In a planar undulator , the electron radiates at odd harmonics on axis however the harmonic gain of the FEL is much less than that of fundamental. It has been shown in earlier works that it is possible to enhance the harmonic radiation by increasing the harmonic wiggler field to the fundamental by putting high permeability shims inside the undulator. The common material is the vanadium permendur (μ ~800) , which has been used effectively to design the harmonic undulator. In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of seventh and ninth harmonic undulator for free electron laser applications. We use CRGO shims with μ ~ 2-3. The permanent magnet undulator is a four block per period design. The undulator is a variable gap type and consists of NdFeB magnets with six periods, each period is of 5cm length. The undulator has been measured in hall probe and pulsed wire bench. It is shown that the pulsed wire magnetic measurements yields results in close agreement with hall probe results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO033  
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WEPRO034 Magnetic Measurement Developments for Undulators 2016
 
  • P. Vagin, P. Neumann, M. Tischer
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  FLASH2 is an extension of the present VUV-FEL facility at DESY. It includes a separate tunnel with a 12 x 2.5m = 30m long planar hybrid undulator. The undulators have 31.4mm period length and 1T field at a minimum gap of 9mm. The paper presents recent progress in the magnetic measurements of these undulators. Several specific details of the measurement tools will be discussed like peculiarities in the Hall probe calibration and noise, positioning accuracy and synchronization of voltage measurement with probes movement during scan, noise issues of various voltage integrators for stretched wire and search coil measurements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO034  
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WEPRO035 Radiation Damage of Undulators at PETRA III 2019
 
  • P. Vagin, O. Bilani, A. Schöps, M. Tischer, S. Tripathi, T. Vielitz
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  In the new octant of PETRA~III, there are 14 undulator beamlines covering photon energy range from 0.3keV to 150keV. There are also 80m of damping wigglers in order to achieve a low emittance of 1nmrad. Some of these devices, operating at PETRAIII since 2008, accumulated total radiation doses of about 100kGy. Visible corrosion at the magnet structures of some permanent magnet undulators setting in after a few years and a high dose rate measured regularly by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) gave reason to inspect the magnetic field of all insertion devices in the PETRA tunnel. This paper presents details of the magnetic field degradation caused by radiation damage to the undulator magnets. For some undulators changes in the spectral properties of the generated light were observed. It was measured with different taper settings in order to partly compensate the nonuniform demagnetization along the structure. The results are compared with the data from the sFLASH undulators and measurements of special 3 pole "sacrificial" undulator, installed in FLASH. Its magnetic field is periodically remeasured and shows field amplitude decrease of 1% per 16kGy accumulated dose.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO035  
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WEPRO036 Construction and First Magnetic Field Test of a Superconducting Transversal Gradient Undulator for the Laser Wakefield Accelerator in Jena. 2022
 
  • V. Afonso Rodríguez, A. Bernhard, A.W. Grau, P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith, M. Weber, C. Widmann, A. Will
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • M. Kaluza, M. Nicolai, A. Sävert
    IOQ, Jena, Germany
  • M. Reuter
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
 
  Funding: This work is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research under contract no. 05K10VK2 and 05K10SJ2.
A superconducting transversal gradient undulator (TGU), tailored to the particular beam properties of the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) at the University of Jena, has been designed and constructed at KIT. This undulator in combination with a specialized beam transport line will be employed to produce undulator radiation with natural bandwidth despite the relatively large energy spread of the electrons produced by the LWFA. The fabrication of this undulator and first results of the magnetic field measurement are discussed in this paper.
 
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WEPRO038 Possibility for Quasi-periodic Knot-APPLE Undulator 2026
 
  • S. Sasaki, A. Miyamoto
    HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • N. Kawata, T. Mitsuyasu
    Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • S. Qiao
    SIMIT, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
 
  An intense on-axis radiation power from an undulator is a serious problem especially for a low-photon-energy beamline in a facility with high or medium energy storage ring. This problem may be solved by using a Figure-8, a Pera, or a Knot undulator configuration*,**. However, these schemes are useless for variably polarizing undulators such as an APPLE undulator and other similar variations since such devices are not capable for reducing on-axis power density in the linear mode. In these circumstances, we have completed a conceptual magnet design of Knot-APPLE udulator which is capable to generate elliptically polarized radiation as well as linearly polarized radiation. This pure permanent magnet device is equipped with a motion mechanism of APPLE undulator. In this paper, we present detailed magnet design feature, magnetic field distributions, and radiation properties including variations of polarization in comparisons with other exotic devices. In addition, a possibility to introduce a quasi-periodicity in this type of undulator is considered in order to achieve further reduction of second and third harmonic radiation intensities.
*S. Sasaki, "Undulators, wigglers and their applications," p.237-243 (Ed. by H. Onuki and P. Elleaume, Taylor & Francis Inc, New York, 2003).
**S. Qiao, et. al, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 80, 085108 (2009).
 
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WEPRO039 Status of PAL-XFEL Undulator Program 2029
 
  • D.E. Kim, H.-S. Kang, W.W. Lee, K.-H. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
  • M.-H. Cho, I.S. Ko
    POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
  • S. Karabekyan, J. Pflüger
    XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
 
  Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) is developing 10 GeV, 0.1 nm SASE based FEL for high power, short pulse X-ray coherent photon sources named PAL-XFEL. At the first stage PAL-XFEL needs two undulator lines for photon source. PAL is developing undulator magnetic structure based on EU-XFEL design. Recently, the hard X-ray undulator changed its minimum magnetic gap to 8.3 mm from the previous 7.2 mm to alleviate the wake field impact, and to increase the allowances for the re alignment. Accordingly, the period is also changed from 24.4 mm to 26.0 mm to generate 0.1 nm at 10 GeV electron energy. In this report, the modification efforts and the progress on the prototyping of hard x-ray undulator system will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO039  
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WEPRO040 Field Measurement Facility for PAL-XFEL Undulators 2032
 
  • K.-H. Park, Y.-G. Jung, D.E. Kim, S.N. Kim, I.S. Ko, B.H. Lee, H.-G. Lee, M.S. Lee, S.B. Lee, H.S. Suh, C.W. Sung
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
 
  Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) is developing the SASE based FEL for X-ray coherent photon sources. The PAL developed the prototype undulator that was 5.0 m magnetic length. The PAL has constructed the undulator field measurement facility to confirm the field qualities of the XFEL undulators in the assembly building. The temperature stability of the measurement rooms was controlled within ±0.1°C. Two field measurement benches that included Hall probe scan, flip coil and stretched wire system were installed and evaluated their performances. The field profile of the prototype undulator was characterized and shimmed using the installed measurement system. This paper described the field measurement facility with the performance test results of the two benches.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO040  
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WEPRO041 Undulator Radiation Spectral Broadening Due To Radiation Energy Loss 2035
 
  • N.V. Smolyakov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
 
  A relativistic electron passing through an undulator generates electromagnetic radiation at the expenses of its own kinetic energy. This effect is usually not taken into account if the number of periods of the undulator is relatively small (100 - 200). However, at FEL facilities, long installations have been built, planned or are under construction, where many undulators are installed one after another for a total of several thousand undulator periods. For instance, the SASE1 and SASE2 lines at the European XFEL will consist of 35 undulators with 124 periods each. In this case, because of the electron energy decrease along its trajectory, the radiation from different undulators will drop out of synchronism. As a result, the radiation spectral line will be much wider. In the presented report, this effect was analyzed analytically and numerically. An expression for the critical number of undulator periods, when the effect of electron energy loss should be properly taken into account, is derived. It is found that, for the case of the European XFEL, this number is about 1200 periods.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO041  
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WEPRO042 Damping Wiggler with Tapered Period 2038
 
  • K. Karyukina
    BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichevpresenter
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
 
  Strong-field short-period wigglers installed in electron storage ring increase the radiation damping integral I2 and either increase or decrease the I5 integral responsible for quantum excitation. In case of the I5 integral decreasing, the beam emittance can be substantially reduced. In the paper we discuss additional reduction of I5 by applying of the longitudinal modulation of the wiggler period (tapering).  
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WEPRO045 Design of a System at NSRRC to Measure the Field for an In-vacuum Cryogenic Undulator with Permanent Magnet 2041
 
  • C.K. Yang, C.-H. Chang, T.Y. Chungpresenter, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, Y.Y. Lin
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  A cryogenic undulator with a permanent magnet (CPMU) is an important insertion device now under construction at NSRRC. For an undulator of this kind, the distribution of the magnetic field must be measured along the axis; the phase error, trajectory and photon flux must be calculated after the magnetic arrays are installed in the vacuum chamber and cooled to cryogenic temperature. We developed a Hall-probe system to measure the magnetic field in an evacuated environment; this system uses lasers and stages to monitor and to correct dynamically the positions of the Hall probe. All components installed inside the vacuum chamber are compatible with an environment of high vacuum and low temperature. The details of the design and completed fabrication are presented in this paper.  
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WEPRO046 Beam Dynamic Effect of Multi-period Robinson Wiggler in Taiwan Photon Source 2044
SUSPSNE013   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • C.W. Huang
    NTHU, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • C.-S. Hwang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • S.-Y. Lee
    IUCEEM, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
 
  Robinson wiggler is a special insertion device that can be used to decrease natural emittance of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) storage ring. There are four poles in one set of Robinson Wiggler and each pole has combined with dipole and quadrupole field strength. The dipole field strength multiply quardupole field strength in each pole should be negative. This Robinson wiggler can change damping partition number and then affect the emittance. This study will evaluate practicability of reducing the emittance of TPS storage ring by muti-period Robinson wiggler and will be installed in the 7 m long-straight section. One period of the traditional Robinson Wiggler include four poles with different field polarity. In the same length, the mult-period Robinson Wiggler have many period in one set of Robinson Wiggler that is different from the traditional Robinson wiggler. Due to the traditional Robinson wiggler can not be effective to improve emittance in TPS storage ring (the efficiency is only 7%). So we adopt to use muti-period Robinson wiggler, the efficiency can be up to 37%, and the linear matching result is better than one period Robinson Wiggler.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO046  
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WEPRO047 A New Cooling System for Cryocooled Permanent Magnet Undulators at Diamond Light Source 2047
 
  • E.C. Longhi, A.G. Miller, E.C.M. Rial, A.J. Rose, J.C. Schoutenpresenter, C.W. Thompson, A. Thomson, J.H. Williams
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  • C. Monroe
    Monroe Brothers Ltd., Moreton-in-Marsh, United Kingdom
 
  Cryocooled permanent magnet undulators (CPMUs) using NdFeB magnets around 150K were first proposed by Hara*. These are cooled by using either GM cryocoolers or circulating sub-cooled liquid nitrogen. Due to the heat load from radiation and wakefield heating from the electron beam, temperature gradients can develop along the length of the magnet girders which could be as large as several degrees for the Diamond Light Source (DLS) storage ring operating parameters. Some grades of the magnetic material (NdxPr1-x)2Fe14B have remanence curves versus temperature which increase significantly for temperatures below 150K with peaks below 80K**. This means that the operating temperature of a CPMU using this material can be close to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. The proposed cooling system for the new DLS CPMU is based on a thermosiphon allowing nitrogen to boil inside the cooling channels without a circulating pump. This has the advantage of absorbing large amounts (>250W) of heat with very small temperature gradients. We report here the results of a prototype magnet beam cooled with a thermosiphon producing a temperature gradient of less than 0.05K along a 2m beam at ~77K.
* T. Hara et al., Phys Rev Spec Top. Accelerator & Beam, Vol 7, 2004.
** J. Bahrdt et al., AIP Conf. Proc., SRI 2009, Melbourne Australia, vol. 1234, pp. 499-502, 2010.
 
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WEPRO048 A Concept of a Universal Superconducting Undulator 2050
 
  • Y. Ivanyushenkov
    ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Tiny round electron beams of free-electron lasers and relatively new diffraction-limited storage rings make possible utilization of electromagnetic helical undulators based on double-helical windings. It has been understood for a while that a coaxial pair of double-helical windings can generate helical as well as planar magnetic fields*. Such a coil structure can potentially be realized with superconducting windings thus forming the concept of a universal superconducting undulator (Universal SCU). An example of a possible universal SCU for the recently suggested Advanced Photon Source multi-bend achromat storage ring is given in this paper. The results of the magnetic simulation together with initial cryogenic considerations are presented.
* D.F. Alferov, Yu.A. Bashamakov, E. G. Bessonov, Sov. J. Tech. Phys. 21(11), (1976) 1408.
 
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WEPRO049 Experience of Operating a Superconducting Undulator at the Advanced Photon Source 2053
 
  • Y. Ivanyushenkov, K.C. Harkay
    ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A superconducting test undulator SCU0 was installed into the storage ring of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in December 2012 and has been in user operation since January 2013. The first year's experience of operating such a novel insertion device at the APS is summarized in this paper. The performance of the SCU0 as a photon source is presented. The measured heat load from the electron beam is described together with the observed cryogenic behavior of the device. The effect of the SCU0 on the APS electron beam is also presented.
 
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WEPRO050 Cryogenically Cooled 1J, ps Yb:YAG Slab Laser for High-brightness Laser-Compton X-Ray Source 2056
 
  • A. Endo, M. Chyla, T. Miura, T. Mocek, P. Sikocinski
    Czech Republic Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
  • K. Sakaue, M. Washio
    RISE, Tokyo, Japan
 
  Funding: This work benefitted from the support of the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports to the HiLASE and DPSSLasers projects cofinanced from the European Regional Development Fund.
Laser Compton X-ray source is studied as an accelerator-laser hybrid technology to realize a compact source from soft X-ray to gamma ray*. It is critical to design a solid state laser of 1J pulse energy with 1ps pulse length, and a high beam quality for 10 microμm diameter interaction. The required M2 is less than 1.5 in a standard normal incidence configuration. X-ray total photon number is ~109 with 1nC, 3ps 43MeV electron bunch for each shot. HiLASE project is committed to make a progress in the field of new generation solid state laser based on Yb-doped materials, to deliver 1J at 120Hz of 1-2ps with M2<1.5. The laser system consists of a seed fiber laser and two amplifier stages, an Yb:YAG thin disk regenerative amplifier, and a cryogenically cooled single slab booster amplifier. We have obtained output energy of 45mJ from the regenerative amplifier at 1 kHz with M2 <1.2. Booster amplifier is designed by a conduction cooling to build a compact system. Gain bandwidth was 1.2nm at 120K, enough to obtain 1-2ps pulses. Improvement of the crystal holder and the experimental results are presented to indicate the available pulse energy and M2.
*Endo, A. et.al. “Characterization of the monochromatic laser Compton X-ray beam with picosecond and femtosecond pulse widths”, Proceedings SPIE 4502, pp100-108 (2001)
 
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WEPRO051 Commissioning of the Laser Beam Transport for the Femto-slicing Project at the Synchrotron SOLEIL 2059
 
  • P. Prigent, M.-E. Couprie, Ph. Hollander, M. Labat, C. Laulhé, A. Lestrade, J. Lüning, J.L. Marlats, P. Morin, A. Nadji, S. Ravy, J.P. Ricaud, M.G. Silly, F. Sirotti, M.-A. Tordeuxpresenter, D. Zerbib
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 
  The aim of the Femto-Slicing project at SOLEIL is to generate 100 fs X-rays pulses on two beamlines, CRISTAL and TEMPO in a first step, for pump-probe experiments in the hard and soft X-rays regions and possibly on two other beamlines in the future. Two fs lasers are currently in operation on TEMPO and CRISTAL for pump-probe experiments on the ps time scale enabling time resolved photoemission and photodiffraction studies. The Femto-Slicing project is based on the fs laser of the CRISTAL beamline, which can be adjusted to deliver 5 to 3 mJ pulses of 30 fs duration at 1 to 2.5 kHz respectively. The laser beam is separated in three branches: one delivering about 2 mJ to the modulator Wiggler and the other ones delivering the remaining energy to the TEMPO and CRISTAL experiments. This layout will yield natural synchronization between IR laser pump and X-ray probe pulses, only affected by drift associated with beam transport. In this paper, we present the current status of the Femto-Slicing project at SOLEIL, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the laser beam transport to the wiggler, to the CRISTAL beamline, and with the first results that will be obtained.  
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WEPRO052 The ThomX Project Status 2062
 
  • A. Variola, D. Auguste, A. Blin, J. Bonis, S. Bouaziz, C. Bruni, K. Cassou, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, V. Chaumat, R. Chiche, P. Cornebise, O. Dalifard, N. Delerue, T. Demma, I.V. Drebot, K. Dupraz, N. El Kamchi, M. El Khaldi, P. Gauron, A. Gonnin, E. Guerard, J. Haissinski, M. Jacquet, D. Jehanno, M. Jouvin, E. Jules, F. Labaye, M. Lacroix, M. Langlet, D. Le Guidec, P. Lepercq, R. Marie, J.C. Marrucho, A. Martens, B. Mercier, E. Mistretta, H. Monard, Y. Peinaud, A. Pérus, B. Pieyre, E. Plaige, C. Prevost, T. Roulet, R. Roux, V. Soskov, A. Stocchi, C. Vallerand, A. Vermes, F. Wicek, Y. Yan, J.F. Zhang, Z.F. Zomer
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • P. Alexandre, C. Benabderrahmane, F. Bouvet, L. Cassinari, M.-E. Couprie, P. Deblay, Y. Dietrich, M. Diop, M.E. El Ajjouri, M.P. Gacoin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Labat, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, R. Lopes, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, F. Marteau, D. Muller, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, J.-P. Pollina, F. Ribeiro, M. Ros, R. Sreedharan
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • A. Bravin, G. Le Duc, J. Susini
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  • C. Bruyère, A. Cobessi, W. Del Net, J.L. Hazemann, J.L. Hodeau, P. Jeantet, J. Lacipière, O. Proux
    Institut NEEL, Grenoble, France
  • E. Cormier, J. Lhermite
    CELIA, Talence, France
  • L. De Viguerie, H. Rousselière, P. Walter
    LAMS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Ivry Sur Seine, France
  • H. Elleaume, F. Esteve
    INSERM, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
  • J.M. Horodinsky, N. Pauwels, P. Robert
    CNRS (IRSD), Orsay, France
  • S. Sierra
    TED, Velizy, France
 
  Funding: Work supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the program EQUIPEX under reference ANR-10-EQPX-51, the Ile de France region, CNRS-IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud XI
A collaboration of seven research institutes and an industry has been set up for the ThomX project, a compact Compton Backscattering Source (CBS) based in Orsay – France. After a period of study and definition of the machine performances a complete description of all the systems has been provided. The infrastructures work is started and the main systems are in the call for tender phase. In this paper we will illustrate the definitive machine parameters and components characteristics. We will also update the results of the different ongoing R&D on optical resonators, fast power supplies for the injection kickers and on the electron gun.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO052  
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WEPRO053 All-optical Free Electron Lasers using Travelling-wave Thomson Scattering 2065
 
  • K. Steiniger, M.H. Bussmann, A.D. Debus, A. Irman, A. Jochmann, R.G. Pausch, U. Schramm
    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
  • T.E. Cowan
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
 
  In Travelling-Wave Thomson Scattering (TWTS) the pulse front of a high-power, short-pulse laser is tilted and the dispersion of the pulse is controlled in such a way that electrons can interact over a long distance with a quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic wave. We present a complete three dimensional analytic time-dependent description of the TWTS field and use this description to derive an analytic FEL equation that shows that TWTS indeed provides for an all-optical FEL. We further derive conditions for optimum operation of the TWTS FEL, showing that EUV and XUV FEL sources are in reach using Petawatt lasers and conventional few-hundred MeV electron sources. Future laser-wakefield accelerators could potentially drive all-optical TWTS-FELs in the X-ray and beyond. TWTS itself is optimum to provide full flexibility in terms of the wavelength and bandwidth of the scattered radiation, allowing for application-optimized, highly-brilliant Thomson Scattering sources for a broad range of wavelengths from the EUV to the gamma ray spectral region.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO053  
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WEPRO055 Development of a Quasi 3-D Ellipsoidal Photo Cathode Laser System for PITZ 2069
 
  • T. Rublack, M. Khojoyan, M. Krasilnikov, F. Stephan
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • A.V. Andrianov, E. Gacheva, E. Khazanov, A. Poteomkin, V. Zelenogorsky
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • I. Hartl, S. Schreiber
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Funding: Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project 05K10CHE in the framework of the German-Russian collaboration "Development and Use of Accelerator-Based Photon Sources".
3-D ellipsoidal photo cathode laser pulses are considered as the next step in optimization of photo injectors required for a successful operation of linac based free electron lasers. Significant improvements in electron beam emittance obtained from the beam dynamics simulations using such laser pulses compared to the conventional cylindrical pulses motivated the experimental studies in order to develop a laser system for quasi 3-D ellipsoidal pulses. The Institute of Applied Physics (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) in collaboration with the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) and the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ) is developing such a photo cathode laser system. Experimental tests of the laser system with photoelectron beam production are planned at PITZ. The laser pulse shaping is realized using the spatial light modulator technique. The laser system is capable of pulse train generation. First cross-correlation measurements were done demonstrating in principle the ability to generate and measure quasi ellipsoidal laser pulses. In this contribution the overall set-up, working principle and the actual progress of the development will be reported.
 
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WEPRO056 Development of an Optical Resonant Cavity for the LCS Experiment at cERL 2072
 
  • T. Akagi, Y. Honda, A. Kosuge, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Hajima, M. Mori, R. Nagai, T. Shizuma
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  A nondestructive assay system of isotopes by quasi-monochromatic gamma-rays by laser Compton scattering (LCS) is under development. In order to demonstrate the accelerator and laser performance required for the gamma-ray source, an LCS experiment is planned at Compact ERL (cERL) at KEK. An optical resonant cavity is under construction for the LCS experiment. The new optical cavity is designed by combination of two bow-tie cavities to achieve fast optical polarization switching. The performance of the optical cavity is presented in detail.  
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WEPRO057 Effect of the Electron Beam Emittance on the ILSF Radiation of Sources and Beamline Design 2075
 
  • A. Gholampour, S. Amiri, H. Ghasempresenter, H. Khosroabadi, J. Rahighi
    ILSF, Tehran, Iran
  • H. Ghasempresenter, M. Lamehi Rashti, J. Rahighi
    IPM, Tehran, Iran
 
  At the Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF), two different storage ring options are being studied. The designs differ in emittance. In the first option the calculated emittance is 3.278 nm-rad whereas for the second option emittance is 0.937 nm-rad. In this paper the electron beam emittance effects on the source radiation properties from bending magnet, wiggler and undulator, X-ray optics and the beamline design are carefully studied. The present calculations demonstrate that in the case of 0.937 nm-rad brilliance of undulator is increased by a factor of about 5. For bending magnet, flux is reduced almost 1 order of magnitude for hard x-ray regime. Because of smaller size of the source for undulator at the case of 0.937 nm-rad, we can achieve to a smaller spot size and higher resolution with easier focusing systems and usual kind of monochromator than the emittance of 3.278 nm-rad and for the bending magnet hard x-ray beamline, size of the mirrors reduced 30% in the 0.937 nm-rad emittance case, so its result is shorter mirror, low cost and perhaps more challengeable heat load.  
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WEPRO058 Photoemission Electron Microscopy Branch of Spectromicroscopy Beamline of the Iranian Light Source Facility 2078
 
  • S. Amiri, H. Ghasempresenter, A. Gholampour, H. Khosroabadi, J. Rahighi
    ILSF, Tehran, Iran
  • H. Ghasempresenter, M. Lamehi Rashti
    IPM, Tehran, Iran
 
  The Spectromicroscopy beamline is one of the day one beamlines of the Iranian Light Source Facility project in the field of soft x-ray spectroscopy. This beamline is designed to cover the 90-2500eV energy range with about 8000 resolving power, and the minimum spot size of about 10×4 micrometer 2 at sample position. Brilliance, flux and photon size and divergence in the whole range of energy has been calculated for a 4.3m linear undulator using SPECTRA code. This undulator has 1015 ph/s(0.1% B.W.) photon flux at 96 eV energy & 400 mA electron current. A circular pinhole with maximum diameter size of 2.52mm has been inserted in a distance of 10m from the source to pass 95% radiated. Primary layout of this branch includes a collimating mirror, a varied included-angle plane grating monochromator, and a KB bendable elliptical cylinder mirror. The ray tracing calculation by using computational software SHADOW has been done to determine and optimize of the important optical parameters. Three plane gratings with different uniform line density (700, 900, 1200 lines/mm) have been used to cover the whole energy range with the resolving power of 0.75-0.8×104 depending on the photon energy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO058  
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WEPRO059 Analysis and Design of a New Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirror System for Microbeams 2081
 
  • K.H. Gil, H. J. Choi, J.Y. Huang, M.H. Jung, J.H. Lim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This research is part of the results of the Basic Science Research Program performed by the support of the NRF of Korea funded by the Korean Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2012390).
In this research, a new K-B mirror system was developed for focusing a microbeam to 1 μm x 1 μm at the 4B beamline of the Pohang Light Source-II. The new K-B mirror system consists of a pair of assemblage having three mechanisms that adjust the position, pitch, and curvature of each vertically and horizontally focusing mirrors and stages that support both the assemblages to enable translations along two orthogonal axes and rotation on the horizontal plane. Both the pitch- and curvature-adjusting mechanisms were designed as flexural mechanisms driven by their respective single actuators to minimize the movement of the mirror center even when the pitch or the curvature of each mirror was adjusted. The K-B mirror system with these features will be robust against possible disturbances and will help promote easy and simple mirror adjustment. This paper describes the whole design of the new K-B mirror system in detail and the structural analysis results of the pitch- and the curvature-adjusting mechanisms, and reports the operation principle of the curvature-adjusting mechanism.
 
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WEPRO060 Status of the FAIR Accelerator Facility 2084
 
  • O.K. Kester, W.A. Barth, A. Dolinskyy, F. Hagenbuck, K. Knie, H. Reich-Sprenger, H. Simon, P.J. Spiller, U. Weinrich, M. Winkler
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • R. Maier, D. Prasuhn
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
 
  Funding: Supported by the BMBF and state of Hessen
The accelerators of the facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR are designed to deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. The ion and antiproton beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for cutting edge physics to be conducted within the four research pillars CBM, NuSTAR, APPA and PANDA. The challenges of the accelerator facility to be established are related to the systems comprising magnets, cryo technology, rf-technology, vacuum etc. FAIR will employ heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Intense work on test infrastructure for the huge number of superconducting magnets of the FAIR machines is ongoing at GSI and several partner labs. In addition, the GSI accelerator facility is being prepared to serve as injector for the FAIR accelerators. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.
 
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WEPRO061 Optimization of the SIS18 Injector Operation for FAIR 2088
 
  • D. Ondreka, H. Liebermann, B.R. Schlei
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  In the FAIR accelerator complex, the existing synchrotron SIS18 will serve as an injector, supplying intense beams of heavy ions and protons for further acceleration in the synchrotron SIS100. In order to satisfy the intensity requirements for FAIR, SIS18 has to be operated routinely at the space charge limit. Particularly demanding requirements arise from the operation with medium charge state heavy ions due to the dynamic vacuum created by ions lost through charge exchange reactions. It is therefore crucial to avoid losses in SIS18 as much as possible while confining unavoidable losses onto low desorption surfaces. In this contribution we report on the ongoing activities related to minimizing the losses by means of a better quantitative understanding and control of the beam. This includes the development of more accurate theoretical models, benchmarked with machine experiments, as well as the practical integration of the models into the control system, using beam instrumentation data in the calculation of set values whenever possible.  
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WEPRO062 Reacceleration of Ion Beams for Particle Therapy 2091
 
  • C. Schömers, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) cancer patients are treated using the raster-scanning method. A synchrotron provides pencil beams in therapy quality for 255 energy steps per ion type allowing to vary the penetration depth and thus to irradiate tumors slice-by-slice. So far, changing the beam energy necessitates a new synchrotron cycle, including all phases without beam extraction. As the no. of ions that can be accelerated in the synchrotron usually exceeds the required no. of ions for one energy slice, treatment time could be significantly reduced by reaccelerating or decelerating the remaining ions to the next energy level. By alternating acceleration and extraction phases several slices could be irradiated with only short interruptions. Therefore the reacceleration of a transversally blown up beam – due to RF-knockout extraction – must be investigated, beam losses have to be minimized. To estimate the benefit of this operation mode, treatment time has been simulated and compared to the time achieved in the past. A reduction of up to 65% is possible and more patients can be treated! Simulations and first tests of a reaccelerated and extracted beam are presented.  
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WEPRO064 Recent Results of the HESR RF System 2094
 
  • R. Stassen, F.J. Etzkorn, R. Greven, T. Katayama, R. Maier, G. Schug, H. Stockhorst
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
 
  The FAIR complex (Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research) will be built in different stages. Due to the postponed RESR in the first stage, both RF-cavities of the HESR have to operate in different modes to achieve the required beam quantity and quality. The RF-system of the HESR will now consists of two identical cavities with a common low-level RF control (LLRF). Both cavities will be driven by low noise solid state amplifiers. Each cavity contains of one gap and two tanks operating in push-pull mode and each tank will house 6 ring cores wound of modern magnetic nano-alloy ribbon. Meanwhile all ring cores were delivered and first results at low power and at high power will be presented. The construction of the new air cooling concept is now in the final stage.  
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WEPRO065 New Design of J-PARC Main Ring Injection System for High Beam Power Operation 2097
 
  • K. Fan, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Shibata, T. Sugimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  The present J-PARC main ring (MR) injection system has worked for 6 years since 2008, and the performance has been improved a lot by correcting the original design faults. But there are still problems in the existing injection system that affects the daily operation. In order to realize the MR beam power to the design limit, a high performance injection system is crucial. The remaining problems may have severe effects on high intensity beam, and become a big block to the realization of high beam power operation. Thus, upgrade the present injection system to satisfy the demands of high beam power operation is extremely important. The upgrade will redesign injection septa to obtain high performance, which will reduce the leakage field greatly. The kicker rise time will be reduced greatly by optimizing the configuration and using speed-up circuit. A compensation kicker magnet is being studied for reflection tail field cancelation. Careful 3D electromagnetic field simulations and 3D particle tracking are performed to ensure the accuracy of magnets design.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO065  
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WEPRO066 Study for Space Charge effect in tune space at J-PARC MR 2100
 
  • K. Ohmi, S. Igarashi
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Harada
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • Y. Sato
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  Choice of tune operating point is serious for operation of high intensity proton machine. Space charge force induces tune spread and nonlinear resonance. Nonlinear resonances are also contained in accelerator lattice. We discuss optimization of operating point based on space charge simulation in J-PARC Main Ring.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO066  
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WEPRO067 Development of NICA Injection Complex 2103
 
  • A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, A.D. Kovalenkopresenter, K.A. Levterov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
  • A. Belov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • E.D. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, A. Govorov, V. Kobets, V. Monchinsky
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • H. Höltermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
  • T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is assumed to operate using two linear accelerators: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector for light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILac for heavy ions. The new Booster and existing Nuclotron superconducting rings are the main parts of the injection complex of the NICA collider. The status of ion sources, both linacs and rings is presented.  
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WEPRO068 SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction 2106
 
  • E. Gianfelice-Wendt
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • H. Bartosikpresenter, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.  
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WEPRO069 Development of Cogging at the Fermilab Booster 2109
 
  • K. Seiya, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, W. Pellico, A.K. Triplett, A.M. Waller
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The development of magnetic cogging is part of the Fermilab Booster upgrade within the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). The Booster is going to send 2.25·1017 protons/hour which is almost double the present flux, 1.4·1017 protons/hour to the Main Injector (MI) and Recycler (RR). The extraction kicker gap has to synchronize to the MI and RR injection bucket in order to avoid a beam loss at the rising edge of the extraction and injection kickers. Magnetic cogging is able to control the revolution frequency and the position of the gap using the magnetic field from dipole correctors while radial position feedback keeps the beam at the central orbit. The new cogging is expected to reduce beam loss due to the orbit changes and reduce beam energy loss when the gap is created. The progress of the magnetic cogging system development is going to be discussed in this paper.
 
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WEPRO070 Overcoming the Horizontal Depolarizing Resonance in the Brookhaven AGS 2112
 
  • H. Huang, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, R. Connolly, Y. Dutheilpresenter, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Imperfection and vertical intrinsic depolarizing resonances have been overcome by the two partial Siberian snakes in the AGS. The relatively weak but numerous horizontal resonances are the main source of polarization loss in the AGS. A pair of horizontal quads have been used to overcome these weak resonances. This technique needs very accurate jump timing. Fast roll-over magnet cycle has been used and it improves the polarization transmission efficiency near extraction when acceleration usually is slowing down. Emittance preservation is also important to mitigate polarization loss. Recent experimental results including jump quad timing and emittance preservation are presented in this paper.
 
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WEPRO071 Optics Setup in the AGS and AGS Booster for Polarized Helion Beam 2115
 
  • H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, Y. Dutheilpresenter, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Future RHIC physics program calls for polarized He3 beam. The He3 beam from the new EBIS source has a relative low rigidity which requires delicate control of injection and RF setup in the Booster. The strong depolarization resonance strength in both AGS and AGS Booster requires careful consideration of beam energy range and optics setup. Recently, the He3 beam was accelerated to 11GeV/n in the AGS. The near term goal fo 3*1010 at RHIC requires several RF bunch merges in both AGS and the Booster. The beam test results are presented in this paper.
 
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WEPRO072 The Design of the Fast Raster System for the European Spallation Source 2118
 
  • H.D. Thomsen, S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
 
  The ESS will nominally operate with an average (peak) proton current of 2.5 mA (62.5 mA) at 2.0 GeV. To reduce the beam peak current density at the spallation target, the ESS HEBT will apply a fast transverse raster system consisting of 8 dithering magnet dipoles. The raster system sweeps the linac beamlet on the target surface and gives a rectangular intensity outline within a macropulse of 2.86 ms. The magnets are driven by triangular current waveforms of up to 40 kHz. The preliminary magnet design and power supply topology will be discussed.  
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WEPRO073 The ESS High Energy Beam Transport after the 2013 Design Update 2121
 
  • H.D. Thomsen, S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
 
  Following an optimization of the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac, a number of changes have been introduced in the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT). In particular, about 120 m of beam transport has been allocated to enable an extension of the superconducting linac, thus providing some contingency against poor linac performance and potentially allowing a future beam power upgrade. The changes in layout and beam optics in all HEBT lines will be discussed.  
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WEPRO074 Performance of the ESS High Energy Beam Transport under Non-nominal Conditions 2124
 
  • H.D. Thomsen, S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
 
  With a nominal beam power of 5 MW, the demands for low relative beam losses in the ESS linac are unprecedented. In the HEBT, where the beam first reaches full power, this is especially relevant. The acceptance of the HEBT should thus encompass beams of non-nominal parameters and ideally be tolerant to partial hardware failure for at least a pulse train of 2.86 ms. In this paper, the sensitivity towards errors in beam parameters and optical elements will be presented.  
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WEPRO075 The Conceptual Design of the China White Neutron Source 2127
 
  • J.H. Li, X.C. Ruan, X. Wang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J.H. Billen, K.R. Crandall
    TechSource, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • J. Stovall
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • J.Y. Tang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • L.M. Young
    AES, Medford, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by NSFC of (91126003)
In order to feed the nuclear data needs for design of the Chinese Accelerator Driven sub-critical System (CADS) and new generation nuclear energy systems, we plan to construct the China White Neutron Source (CWNS). The CWNS will be composed of a Proton Linac, an Accumulator Ring, a Target and Experimental Facilities. The linac is designed to deliver a proton beam having an average current of 1 mA at energy up to 300 MeV. The revolution frequency of the accumulator ring will be ~1.4 MHz. Two spallation targets are planned, with one for short pulsed modes and the other for micro-pulsed mode.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO075  
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WEPRO076 Constructing the ESS Linear Accelerator: Pragmatic Approaches to Design and System Integration at the European Spallation Source 2131
 
  • G. Lanfranco, M.J. Conlon, N. Gazis, E. Tanke, E. Vaena
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
 
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron science facility comprising a linear H+ accelerator, a tungsten target station, 22 neutron instruments, a suite of laboratories and a supercomputing data processing centre. The Accelerator project represents about a third of the total ESS construction budget and several European countries participate as in-kind contributing partners to it. It is crucial to guarantee requirements consistency, clarity of interface definition and proper space allocation. Potential functional and design inconsistencies must be promptly detected and actively resolved, bridging the project from the conceptual design towards a smooth, cost and time effective installation. Moreover, while the correct synergies are established and maintained, the organisational burden has to be minimized, aspect particularly relevant given the intrinsic prototypic nature of projects of this type. This paper describes the system architecture and the tools deployed to integrate the design of the ESS Linear Accelerator and to prepare for its installation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO076  
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WEPRO077 Thermal Neutron Beam Characterization at the HRPT Instrument at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source 2134
 
  • V. Talanov, D. Cheptiakov, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, T. Panzner, V. Pomjakushin, E. Rantsiou, T. Reiss, M. Wohlmuther
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  The Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ) at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) provides beams of thermal and cold neutrons to different neutron instruments. In a view of a potential SINQ upgrade, an experimental program characterizing the current performance of SINQ neutron beams was started in 2013. We present experimental results of the irradiation of imaging plates and gold foils at one of SINQ thermal neutron beam lines that hosts the high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPT) and compare the experimental results to the numerical MCNPX simulations of the neutron flux from the SINQ target-moderator system.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO077  
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WEPRO078 Background Calculations for the High Energy Beam Transport Region of the European Spallation Source 2137
 
  • R.J. Barlow, A.M. Toader
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • L. Tchelidze
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • H.D. Thomsen
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
 
  Expected backgrounds in the final accelerator-to-target region of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund, Sweden, have been calculated using the MCNPX program. We consider the effects of losses from the beam, both along the full length and localised at the bending magnets, and also backsplash from the target. The prompt background is calculated, and also the residual dose, as a function of time, arising from activation of the beam components. Activation of the air is also determined. The model includes the focussing and rasterising magnets, and shows the effects of the concrete walls of the tunnel. We give the implications for the design and operation of the accelerator.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO078  
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WEPRO079 Accelerator Systems Modifications for a Second Target Station at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source 2140
 
  • M.A. Plum, J. Galambos, S.-H. Kim
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
A second target station is planned for the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source. The ion source will be upgraded to increase the peak current from 38 to 49 mA, additional superconducting RF cavities will be added to the linac to increase the H− beam energy from 933 to 1300 MeV, and the accumulator ring will receive modifications to the injection and extraction systems to accommodate the higher beam energy. After pulse compression in the storage ring one sixth of the beam pulses (10 out of 60 Hz) will be diverted to the second target by kicker and septum magnets added to the existing Ring to Target Beam Transport (RTBT) line. No further modifications will be made to the RTBT so that when the kicker and septum magnets are turned off the original target 1 beam transport lattice will be unaffected. In this paper we will discuss these and other planned modifications and upgrades to the accelerator facility, and also the status of this project.
 
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WEPRO080 HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 2143
 
  • T. De Melo Mendonca
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 1013 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO080  
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WEPRO081 Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre 2146
 
  • F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
  • M. Benedikt
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper.
* P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO081  
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WEPRO082 A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons 2149
SUSPSNE109   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.
 
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WEPRO083 Implementation of a Superconducting Electron Beam Ion Source into the HIT Ion Source Test Bench 2153
 
  • E. Ritter, A. Silze, G.H. Zschornackpresenter
    DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
  • R. Cee, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, T.W. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
  • G. Zschornack
    TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
 
  Cancer therapy with light heavy ions is now a well proven technology. Almost all facilities are running Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) to produce carbon ions and protons as well. In the 1990’s the idea of using a Electron Beam Ion Source was proposed (EBIS) [1]. Some proof of principle measurements were carried out [2] but the application of EBIS ion sources in radiation facilities has not been established. We present results from the implementation of a superconducting EBIS, the Dresden EBIS-SC, at an RFQ accelerator at the testbench of the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT). First results from C 4+ ions produced by the Dresden EBIS-SC [3] and injection in an RFQ accelerator at the HIT testbench are shown. Furthermore, emittance measurements as well as investigations of the ion energy and the transmission through the RFQ were done. The emittance of the EBIS source is lower by a factor of nine compared to an ECRIS, which improves the transmission through the RFQ. With the current setup the ion output from the EBIS-SC is lower by a factor of 7 compared to an ECRIS to fulfill the requirements of the highest irradiation level. Further improvements are discussed.
* erik.ritter@dreebit.com
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO083  
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WEPRO086 Experimental Activity in the ENEA-Frascati Irradiation Facility with 3-7 MeV Protons 2156
 
  • M. Vadrucci, A. Ampollini, F. Bonfigli, M.C. Carpanese, F. Marracino, R.M. Montereali, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M.A. Vincenti
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • F. Ambrosini
    URLS, Rome, Italy
  • M. Balduzzi, C. Marino, C. Snels
    ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
  • M. Balucani, A. Klyshko
    University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
  • C. De Angelis, G. Esposito, M.A. Tabocchini
    ISS, Rome, Italy
 
  A variable energy (3-7 MeV) and pulsed current (0.1 – 100 μA) proton beam has been made available for different applications (radiobiology experiments, detectors development, material studies) in an irradiation facility at ENEA-Frascati based on the 7 MeV injector of the protontherapy linac under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project. It is a 425 MHz linear accelerator consisting in a 3 MeV RFQ followed by a DTL up to 7 MeV (PL-7 ACCSYS-HITACHI model) followed by an horizontal and a vertical beam transport line. The latter one is particularly suitable for radiobiology in vitro studies allowing to irradiate besides cell monolayes also cell growing in suspension culture. The paper describes the facility and the recent results of the experimental activity.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO086  
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WEPRO087 Magnetic-field Measurements of Superconducting Magnets for a Heavy-ion Rotating-gantry and Beam-tracking Simulations 2159
 
  • S.S. Suzuki, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, Y. Iwata, K. Mizushima, S. Mori, K. Noda, T. Shirai, K. Shoda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • N. Amemiya
    Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • H. Arai, T. Fujimoto
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  • T.F. Fujita
    National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
  • Y. Nagamoto, T. Orikasa, S. Takayama, T. Yazawa
    Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan
  • T. Obana
    NIFS, Gifu, Japan
  • T. Ogitsu
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  Manufacture of superconducting rotating-gantry for heavy-ion radiotherapy is currently in progress. This rotating gantry can transport heavy ions having 430 MeV/nucleon to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0-360 degrees, and enable advanced radiation-therapy. The three-dimensional scanning-irradiation method is performed in this rotating gantry. Therefore, uniformity of magnetic field is quite important since scanned beams traverse through these superconducting magnets before reaching to the isocenter. In the present work, we precisely measured the magnetic-field distributions of the superconducting magnets for the rotating gantry. We used Hall probes to measure the magnetic field. The magnetic-field distributions were determined by measuring Hall voltage, while moving the Hall probes on a rail, which has the same curvature as a center trajectory of beams. The measured-field distributions were compared with calculated distributions with a three-dimensional electromagnetic-field solver, the OPERA-3D code. Furthermore, beam-tracking simulations were performed by using the measured magnetic-field distributions to verify the design of the superconducting magnets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO087  
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WEPRO088 Design of Beam Transport Lines for Radioisotope Production Systems in NIRS Cyclotron Facility 2162
 
  • K. Katagiri, S. Hojo, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, K. Suzuki
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
 
  A new beam transport and a irradiation system were designed for radionuclides production with heat damageable targets. The incident beam is swept along a circle on the irradiation target with fast steering magnets. The width and the sweeping radius of the incident beams were optimized to achieve high production efficiency and avoid the heat damages. Based on those optimized parameters, beam optics of the new beam transport lines was optimized. To obtain initial conditions for the optical calculations, the beam emittance and the Twiss parameters were measured at the upper stream of the new beam transport lines. In this paper, we present the results of the calculations and the optimized beam transport lines.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO088  
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WEPRO089 Latest Developments of a C-band 2MeV Accelerator 2165
 
  • W. Bai, M. Li, L.J. Shan, X.M. Shen, Z. Xu
    CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
 
  A C-band 2MeV accelerator is developped at CAEP in China. This research is aimmed at developing an compact accelerator used as X ray source for industrial useage. At present, the C-band accelerator has been developed successfully. we have carried out a lot of research work based on the accelerator, including test of X ray energy, focus and dose rate etc. This paper shows the latest experimental results and application research status on the C-band accelerator.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO089  
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WEPRO090 Status of KAERI 6 MeV 9.3 GHz X-Band Electron Linac for Cancer Treatment System 2168
 
  • B.N. Lee, B.C. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, H.D. Park, K.B. Song
    KAERI, Dae-jeon, Republic of Korea
  • P. Buaphad, Y. Kim
    ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
  • S.S. Cha
    UST, Daejeon City, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the (NRF funded by the MSIFP, Korea (No.2013M2A2A4023350) and the Industrial Strategic technology development program, 10043897, funded By the MOTIE, Korea.
The X-band RF linear accelerators (LINAC’s) are popular for medical application due to its compactness. To increase the precision of treatment accuracy under circumstance in which the LINAC is mounted on an apparatus such as gantry frame or robot-arm; this is an advantage as the weight and size are more reduced. It is a 9.3 GHz magnetron with the most readily available RF generator in the X-band frequencies from 8 GHz to 12 GHz and the magnetron is mainly used for the source of the RF power in a compact LINAC. The average power of the magnetron at 9.3~GHz is generally a few MW and this amount could provide a sufficient radiation dose-rate for tumour therapy. KAERI has been developing a new compact 9.3 GHz X-band electron LINAC for a cancer treatment system. The maximum energy of the electron beam is 6 MeV and the average beam power at the tungsten target is about 1 kW. In this paper, we describe the status of development of the 6 MeV X-band LINAC at KAERI.
 
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WEPRO091 Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR 2171
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO091  
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WEPRO092 Comparisons and Simulations of Superconducting Dipole Magnets for JINR Carbon Ion Gantry 2174
 
  • E. Syresin, N.A. Morozov, D. Shvidkiy
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  A medical complex for carbon ion therapy has been developed in the JINR based on the own technology of the superconducting ion synchrotron - Nuclotron. One important feature of this project is related to the application of superconducting gantry. In the project, two schemes of superconducting gantries have been considered. In the first scheme, the last gantry element is supposed to be represented by a superconducting magnet with a scan region in it of 20 × 20 cm. In the second scheme the gantry consists of four 45°bending sections, each including two similar dipole magnets of a low aperture (about 120 mm). Such gantries are intended for multiple raster scanning with a wide carbon beam and the technique of layer wise irradiation with a spread out Bragg peak of several mm. The comparison and simulation of superconducting dipole magnet for JINR carbon ion gantry is under discussion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO092  
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WEPRO093 Possibility of Application of THz Wiggler in Low Energy FEL for Measurements of Electron Bunch Longitudinal Structure 2177
 
  • E. Syresin, S.A. Kostromin, R.S. Makarov, N.A. Morozov, D. Petrov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M. Krasilnikov
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
 
  Funding: The work is funded by HGDF-RFBR Grant HRJRG-400
The infrared undulator constructed at JINR and installed at FLASH in 2007 is used for longitudinal bunch shape measurements in the range of several tenths of μm. The presented below electromagnetic wiggler is applied for a narrow-band THz radiation for measurements of electron bunch longitudinal structure in FEL with electron energy of several tenths of MeV. This is a planar electromagnetic device with 6 regular periods, each of 30 cm long. The K parameter is varied in the range 0.5- 7.12 corresponding to a range B=0.025- 0.356 T of the peak field on axis. The wiggler is simulated for 19.8 MeV/c FEL. The bunch compression scheme allows the whole wavelength range to be covered by super-radiant emission with a sufficient form factor. The wavelength range corresponds to 126 μm - 5.3 mm for the electron beam momentum of 19.8 MeV/c. The 3D Opera simulations of THz wiggler will be discussed.
 
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WEPRO094 Synchrotron Radiation Test Validations of European XFEL MCP-based Detectors at DORIS Beamline BW1 2180
 
  • E. Syresin, A.Yu. Grebentsov, A.V. Shabunov, N.I. Zamiatin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • R. Basta, T. Fiala, P. Hedbavny
    Vakuum Praha, Prague, Czech Republic
  • O.I. Brovko
    JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
  • W. Freund, J. Grünert, H. Sinn
    XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
  • D. Novikov, M.V. Yurkov
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  Radiation detectors based onμchannel plates (MCP) are planned for installation at the European XFEL. Main purpose of these detectors is searching a signature of lasing and further fine tuning of the FEL process. Detectors operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the saturation level (between a few nJ and 25 mJ), and in a wide wavelength range from 0.05 nm to 0.4 nm for SASE1 and SASE2, and from 0.4 nm to 4.43 nm for SASE3. The SR tests validation of the MCP-based detector applied for XFEL lines SASE1 and SASE2 were performed at the DORIS beamline BW1 at SR with photon energy of 8.5-12.4 keV. The absolute measurements of a photon pulse energy for hard X-ray radiation were performed with application of MCP and photodiode detectors. Pulse-to-pulse photon energy measurements with MCPs and silicon photo detector were done with 192 ns and 96 ns repetition intervals. The SR beam imaging measurement at X-ray irradiation was performed at test validation experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO094  
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WEPRO095 Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex 2183
 
  • M.M. Kats
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO095  
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WEPRO096 X-ray Radiation Source for Low Dose Angiography based on Channeling Radiation 2186
 
  • S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  Angiography is one of the most reliable and contemporary procedure of the vascular system imaging. X-ray spectrums provided by all modern medical angiographs are too broad to acquire high contrast images and provide low radiation dose at the same time. The new method of narrow X-ray spectrum achieving is based on the idea of channelling radiation application. The X-ray filters used in this method allows eliminating the high energy part of the spectrum and providing dramatic dose reduction. The scheme of the facility including the X-ray filter is discussed. The results of the spectrum analysis for the channelling radiation source and typical angiography X-ray tube are discussed. Doses obtained by the water phantom and contrast of the iodine agent image are also provided for both cases.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO096  
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WEPRO097 The Base Parameters of the Compact 27 GHz Electron Linac for Medical Application 2189
 
  • S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko, Yu.D. Kliuchevskaia, V.I. Rashchikov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  A compact and light-weight electron linac is attractive for a number of medical applications including intra-operational and cyber-knife systems. The design of such an accelerator can nowadays be based on using of a powerful high-voltage high-frequency gyrotron which can provide now in pulsed regime a peak power up to 15 MW at the frequency about of 30 GHz. Taking into account this possibility, the paper presents the results of design and numerical simulations for the electron beam dynamics in a linac with the operating frequency of 27 GHz. Designed linac consists of two parts: gentle buncher and main accelerating section. The beam bunching is complicated at 1 cm wavelength because high energy about 2 MeV is necessary for beam injection into the main stage with v/c=1. Beam dynamics simulations are held using BEAMDULAC-BL code*. The electrodynamics of accelerating structure based on biperiodic structure is presented. The electron gun simulation is also discussed. The RF feeding is planned to be realized using a gyrotron to be designed in IAP RAS. The gyrotron is capable to produce 2 MW peak RF power in pulses with pulse duration 400 μs and repetition rate 10 Hz.
T.V. Bondarenko, E.S. Masunov, S.M. Polozov. BEAMDULAC-BL code for 3D simulation of electron beam dynamics taking into account beam loading and coulomb field. PAST, 2014 (in press).
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO097  
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WEPRO098 Producing Two-photon Planar Sources at an Electron Accelerator 2192
 
  • V.L. Uvarov, N.P. Dikiy, A.N. Dovbnya, Yu.V. Lyashko, Yu.V. Rogov, V.A. Shevchenko, A.Eh. Tenishev
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
 
  Gamma-sources with two-energy spectrum are used in industrial and medical diagnostics for quantitative introscopy (tomography). Commonly, such sources are obtained by a reactor technology (153Gd) or using an ultrastable X-ray tube with properly shaped spectrum of radiation. We suggested utilize the 179Ta isotope (Ex~ 55 keV, T1/2= 665 day) in combination with 57Co (Eγ=122 keV, T1/2=273 day). A soft technology for producing planar sealed 179Ta/57Co sources at an electron accelerator by X-ray irradiation of a target from natural tantalum and nickel was developed. The isotope yield and absorbed power of radiation in the target device vs electron beam energy were calculated using a modified transport code PENELOPE-2008. The results of experiment conducted to determine the yields of the target isotopes and by-products are in good agreement with the simulation data.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO098  
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WEPRO099 A Study of the Production of Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy using a Proton Accelerator 2195
 
  • T.R. Edgecock
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • J.R.J. Bennett
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • S. Green
    University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • B. Phoenix, M.C. Scott
    Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
 
  Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy particularly well-suited to treating aggressive tumours that exhibit a high degree of infiltration of the surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, for example of the brain and lung, provide some of the most challenging problems in oncology. The first element of the therapy is boron-10 which is preferentially introduced into the cancerous cells using a carrier compound. Boron-10 has a very high capture cross-section with the other element of the therapy, thermal neutrons, resulting in the production of a lithium nucleus and an alpha particle which destroy the cell they are created in. However, a large flux of neutrons is required and until recently the only source used was a nuclear reactor. In Birmingham, studies of an existing BNCT facility using a 2.8 MeV proton beam and a solid lithium target have found a way to increase the beam power to a sufficient level to allow clinical trials, while maintaining the target solid. In this paper, we will introduce BNCT, describe the work in Birmingham and compare with other accelerator-driven BNCT projects around the World.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO099  
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WEPRO100 NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG 2198
 
  • R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • K.M. Hock
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of  ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO100  
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WEPRO101 A Compact Superconducting 330 MeV Proton Gantry for Radiotherapy and Computed Tomography 2202
 
  • D.J. Holder
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • A.F. Green, H.L. Owen
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC Cockcroft Institute Grant No. ST/G008248/1
The primary advantage of proton beam therapy as a cancer treatment is its ability to maximize the radiation dose delivered to the target volume and minimize the dose to surrounding healthy tissue, due to the inherently narrow Bragg peak at the end of the proton range. This can be further enhanced by imaging the target volume and surrounding tissues using proton Computed Tomography (pCT), which directly measures the energy loss from individual protons to infer the tissue density. Proton energies up to 330 MeV are required for pCT. We describe a superconducting gantry design which can deliver protons for both therapy and pCT with a similar size to existing treatment gantries. The use of ten identical combined-function superconducting dipole magnets minimizes the weight and technical development required. Based on experience with superconducting magnets for carbon gantries it should be possible to change the magnetic field sufficiently quickly to perform spot-scanning over successive layers without inducing quenching. It is envisaged that a combination of cryogenic cooling and cryogen-free cooling will be used to achieve the required operating temperature for the magnet windings.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO101  
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WEPRO103 Femtosecond Time-resolved Transmission Electron Microscopy using an RF Gun 2205
 
  • J. Yang, M. Gohdo, K. Kan, T. Kondoh, K. Tanimura, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka, Japan
  • J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  The first prototype of RF gun based relativistic-energy electron microscopy has been constructed at Osaka University to study ultrafast structural dynamic processes in matter. The RF gun driven by a femtosecond laser has generated a 100-fs-pulse MeV electron beam with emittance of 0.1 mm-mrad and energy spread of 10-4. Both the electron diffraction and image measurements have been succeeded in the prototype using the femtosecond electron beam. In the diffraction measurement, an excellent quality of diffraction pattern was acquired with electron number of 106. The single-shot measurement is available in the prototype. In the image measurement, the TEM image was acquired with a total electron number of 108. The magnification was 3,000 times. In the next step, we will reduce further the emittance to increase the beam brightness on the sample, and then improve the spatial resolution to <10 nm.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO103  
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WEPRO104 Backscattering X-ray System by using 950 keV X-band Linac X-ray Source 2209
SUSPSNE110   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • C. Liu
    The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • T. Fujiwara, M. Uesaka
    The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • J. Kusano
    Accuthera Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
 
  Recently several tunnel collapses have happened in the world. To prevent this kind of accidents, the non-destructive inspection for tunnel is seriously needed. Backscattering X-ray system which makes one-side operation possible is a very important way to solve this problem. But the backscattering X-ray systems using X-ray tubes could only get the superficial information of the concrete target*. Now we are using our 950 keV X-ray source to construct the backscattering X-ray system to detect the deeper part of the concrete target.
*D. Shedlok, T. Edwards, C.Toh, “X-ray Backscatter Imaging for Aerospace Applications”, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Volume 30 AIP Conf. Proc. 1335, 509-516, (2011).
 
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WEPRO106 Complex “ALFA” After 10 Years of Operation on Track Membranes Production 2212
 
  • G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  The film irradiation complex “ALFA” dedicated to expose the polymer films used in the track membranes production was designed and manufactured by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for “TRACKPORE TECHNOLOGY" holding company and put into operation in 2002 year in Dubna, Russia. The complex consists of the isochronous cyclotron CYTRACK with external injection of ions, the extraction system, the beam transport of accelerated ions and the film irradiation chamber. Cyclotron CYTRACK accelerates argon ions upto the energy - 2,4 МeV/nucleon, intensity of extracted beam is about 500nA, extraction efficiency totaled 50%. The complex “ALFA” products polyethylene terephthalate track membranes with less than 25 μm thickness and less than 40cm width. After ten years of the successful operation complex “ALFA” was upgraded. Vacuum, control and power supply systems were replaced. As a result the stability and efficiency of the operation of the equipment were increased.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO106  
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WEPRO107 Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at the LEPTA Facility 2215
 
  • P. Horodek
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • A.G. Kobets, I.N. Meshkov, O. Orlov, A.A. Sidorin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Since 2009 year the LEPTA facility at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna is operated with positron beam. Today it is developed into two directions. The first one is getting orthopositronium flux in flight. Slow positrons from 22Na source are accumulated in Surko trap and then are injected into the ring where they should overlap with electrons from the single-pass electron beam. In this way the flux of orthopositronium atoms will appear and will be observed in the process of registration of gamma quanta from annihilation process. The second group of works focuses on using the positron injector for Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) applications. This method is dedicated to detection of structural defects as vacancies in the solid body lattice. The latest progress of this technique is strictly connected with measurements of PAS characteristics using positron beams. The progress in the LEPTA development, the first results obtained in the PAS, idea and actual state of works concerning the construction of the pulsed positron beam will be presented. The creation of pulsed positron beams is the modern tendency in the PAS domain.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO107  
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WEPRO108 Electron Diffraction on VELA at Daresbury 2218
 
  • M. Surman
    STFC/DL/SRD, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • P. Aden, R.J. Cash, D.M.P. Holland, M.D. Roper
    STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • W.A. Bryan
    Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
  • J.A. Clarke, J.W. McKenziepresenter
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • P.D. Lane, D.A. Wann
    University of York, York, United Kingdom
  • J.G. Underwood
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
 
  Accelerator based Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) is a technique for static and dynamic structural studies in material and biological sciences. The recently commissioned VELA accelerator at the Daresbury Laboratory provides multi-MeV beams for science and industry and will provide a test bed for the UK electron diffraction community. We present the design of the diffractometer currently being installed on VELA which will allow capture of a single shot diffraction pattern with a 1 pC electron bunch and outline future options.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO108  
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WEPRO109 Experimental Determination of Heavy Nuclei Fission Cross-sections under Relativistic Deuterons Irradiation on the Accelerator Complex “Nuclotron” for Purposes of Transmutation and Energy Amplification 2221
SUSPSNE112   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • V.V. Bukhal, A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava
    JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus
  • M. Artiushenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  • K.V. Husak
    The Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Reserach - "SOSNY" NASB, Minsk, Belarus
  • S.I. Tyutyunnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Experimental studies of neutron spectra of three different subcritical assemblies driven by an accelerator (Accelerator Driven Systems – ADS) for investigation of the possibility of transmutation and energy amplification have been carried out. The assemblies were constructed in the framework of the international project “Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Wastes” and experiments with them are running in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) at the accelerator complex “Nuclotron”. In this paper the results of measurements of 239Pu(n, f), 235U(n, f), 238U(n, f) and 238U(n,γ) reactions cross-sections and reactions rates using solid state nuclear track detectors and activation gamma-spectroscopy are presented. A comparison of the experimental results with FLUKA calculations is given. The obtained experimental values characterize the neutron spectra in the experimental points and allow the efficiency of the ADS technology for the systems with similar parameters to be evaluated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO109  
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WEPRO110 Power Plant Based on Subcritical Reactor and Proton LINAC 2224
SUSPSNE113   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • A.A. Bogdanov
    KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
 
  Nuclear power plant based on accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is considered. Such systems demonstrate higher safety because the fission proceeds in subcritical core and necessary neutron flux is reached with external neutrons generated in target of heavy nuclides. In order to efficiently use ADSR for energy production, it’s needed the total power, generated in the reactor, to be greater than power inputs for charged particles acceleration. The plant driven by middle-energy accelerator, which is cheaper than high-energy accelerators, proposed for these purposes, is considered. So it’s necessary to find other ways to amplify reactor power outputs. Thus, the technical solution to increase power gain of small-sized power plant with a linear proton accelerator (energy 300-400 MeV, average current 5 mA) is proposed. Thermal power up to 300 MW was reached.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO110  
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WEPRO111 Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Neutron Techniques 2227
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
 
  The current reliance on X-Rays and intelligence for national security is insufficient to combat the current risks of smuggling and terrorism seen on an international level. There are a range of neutron based security techniques which have the potential to dramatically improve national security. Neutron techniques can be broadly grouped into neutron in/neutron out and neutron in/photon out techniques. The use of accelerator based fusion devices will potentially enable to wide spread application of neutron security techniques due to the potential for much safer operation than that offered by fission or sealed tube sources. In this paper we discuss some of the neutron security techniques available and the advantages they present.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO111  
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WEPRO112 Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Energy Optimisation 2230
SUSPSNE114   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
 
  There is a growing interest in the use of neutrons for national security. The majority of work on security focuses on the use of either sealed tube DT fusors or fission sources, e.g. Cf-252. Fusion reactions enable the energy of the neutron beam to be chosen to suit the application, rather than the application being chosen based on the available neutron beam energy. In this paper we discuss simulations of fusion reactions demonstrating the broad range of energies available and methods for adapting the neutron beam energy produced by target/projectile combinations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO112  
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WEPRO113 Status of the Radiation Source ELBE Upgrade 2233
 
  • P. Michel, T.E. Cowan, U. Lehnert, U. Schramm
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
 
  ELBE is based on a 40 MeV superconducting Electron Linac able to operate in CW mode and provides manifold secondary user beams. The suite of secondary beams include: two free electron lasers operating in the IR/THz regime; a fast neutron beam; a Bremsstrahlung gamma-ray beam; a low-energy positron beam; and patented single-electron test beams. The primary electron beam is also used for radiobiology research, or in interaction with ultra-intense PW-class lasers. Through 2014 ELBE will be upgraded to a Centre for High Power Radiation Sources. The ELBE beam current was increased to 1.6 mA by using novel solid state RF amplifiers. The concept also contains additional broad and narrow band coherent THz sources and the development of a 500 TW TiSa Laser and even a 1.5 PW diode pumped laser system. Laser plasma electron acceleration and proton acceleration experiments for medical applications are planned. Additionally, coupled electron laser beam experiments like Thomson scattering or injection of ELBE electron into the laser plasma will be done.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO113  
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WEPRO114 SALOME: An Accelerator for the Practical Course in Accelerator Physics 2235
 
  • V. Miltchev, D. Riebesehl, J. Roßbach, M. Trunk
    Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
  • O. Stein
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  SALOME (Simple Accelerator for Learning Optics and the Manipulation of Electrons) is a short low energy linear electron accelerator built by the University of Hamburg. The goal of this project is to give the students the possibility to obtain hands-on experience with the basics of accelerator physics. In this contribution the layout of the device will be presented. The most important components of the accelerator will be discussed and an overview of the planned demonstration experiments will be given.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO114  
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WEPRO115 The Star Project 2238
 
  • A. Bacci, D.T. Palmer, L. Serafini, V. Torri
    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
  • R.G. Agostino, G. Borgese, M. Ghedini, F. Martire, C. Pace
    UNICAL, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
  • D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, M. Bellaveglia, F.G. Bisesto, G. Di Pirro, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, A. Gallo, G. Gatti, A. Ghigo, B. Spataro, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • A. Cianchi
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
  • G. D'Auria, A. Fabris, M. Marazzi
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  • T. Levato
    Czech Republic Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
  • V. Petrillo
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • E. Puppin
    Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
  • P. Tomassini
    Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
 
  We present on overview of the STAR project (Southern european Thomson source for Applied Research), in progress at the Univ. of Calabria (Italy) aimed at the construction of an advanced Thomson source of monochromatic tunable, ps-long, polarized X-ray beams, ranging from 20 to 140 keV. The project is pursued in collaboration among: Univ. della Calabria, CNISM, INFN and Sincrotrone Trieste. The X-rays will be devoted to experiments of matter science, cultural heritage, advanced radiological imaging with micro-tomography capabilities. One S-band RF Gun at 100 Hz will produce electron bunches boosted up to 60 MeV by a 3m long S-band TW cavity. A dogleg will bring the beam on a parallel line, shielding the X-ray line from the background radiation due to Linac dark current. The peculiarity of the machine is the ability to produce high quality electron beams, with low emittance and high stability, allowing to reach spot sizes around 15-20 microns, with a pointing jitter of the order of a few microns. The collision laser will be based on a Yb:Yag 100 Hz J-class high quality laser system, synchronized to an external photo-cathode laser and to the RF system to better than 1 ps time jitter.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO115  
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WEPRO116 Direct High Power Laser Diagnostic Technique Based on Focused Electron Bunch 2242
 
  • R. Sato, A. Endo, K. Nonomura, K. Sakaue, M. Washio, Y. Yoshida
    Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
 
  In laser produced plasma EUV source, high intensity pulse CO2 laser is essential for plasma generation. To achieve high conversion efficiency and stable EUV power, we desire to measure laser profile in collision point. However, focused laser profile has not been observed directory by existing techniques. We have been developing laser profiler based on laser Compton scattering. Laser profile can be measured by scanning focused electron beam while measuring Compton scattering signal. This method is suitable for a high intensity laser, but very small spot size of electron beam is required. To achieve small spot size, we use S-band photocathode rf gun and special design solenoid lens. The beam size was simulated by General particle tracer (GPT) and directory measured by Gafchromic film HD-810. We have succeeded in observing minimum beam size of about 20 μm rms. We are preparing beam scanning system, pulse CO2 laser and a detector for Compton signal. In this conference, we will report the results of focused electron beam measurement and future prospective.
Work supported by NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO116  
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WEPRO117 The Accumulator of the ESSnuSB for Neutrino Production 2245
 
  • E.H.M. Wildner, J. Jonnerby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, H.O. Schönauer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, N. Vassilopoulos
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  • T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • M. Eshraqi, M. Lindroos, D.P. McGinnis
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
 
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research centre based on the world’s most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, using 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at 28 Hz to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. The high current in the horns of the target system for the neutrino production requires proton pulses far shorter than the linac pulse. Therefore an accumulator ring is required after the linac to produce the shorter pulses. Charge exchange injection of an H beam from the linac would be used. The Linac would deliver 1.1 1015 protons per pulse. Due to space charge limits, several rings or one ring re-filled several times during the neutrino cycle are necessary. A cost effective design of an accumulator that can handle this large number of ions will be shown, taking into account the structure of the linac pulse and the requirements of the target system. Beam dynamics issues, the injection system, the extraction and the distribution on the targets are addressed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO117  
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WEPRO118 THz Radiation Generation in Multimode Wakefield Structures 2248
 
  • S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • M.G. Fedurin
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • W. Gaipresenter, A. Zholents
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • D. Wang
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  Funding: DOE SBIR
A number of methods for producing sub-picosecond electron bunches have been demonstrated in recent years. A train of these bunches is capable of generating THz radiation via multiple mechanisms like transition, Cherenkov and undulator radiation. We propose to use a bunch train like this to selectively excite a high order mode in a dielectric wakefield structure. This allows us to use wakefield structures that are geometrically larger and easier to fabricate for beam-based THz generation. In this paper we present a THz source design based on this concept and experimental progress to date.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO118  
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