SRF2017 - List of Keywords (cathode)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPB065	Development of Hybrid Superconducting Photocathodes on Niobium Using High QE Coatings	ion, electron, site, SRF	205
	M. Warren, A.R. Denchfield, N. Samuelson, J. Zasadzinski IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA W. Gai, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA L.K. Spentzouris, Z.M. Yusof Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	High power, low emittance electron beams require superconducting RF photoinjectors, typically made of pure Nb, and a superconducting photocathode is desired. However, superconductivity and high photocathode quantum efficiency (QE) are not compatible, e.g. QE for pure Nb is only 10^-5 at 260 nm wavelength. Here is presented the current status of the development of hybrid superconducting photocathodes by the deposition of thin films of a high QE metal or semiconductor on Nb. Nb plugs coated with 10-100 nm of Mg have been tested for adhesion and dark current under RF fields as high as 60MV/m. QE measurements show significant enhancements over Nb. In another test, ultra thin films of the high QE material Cs2Te deposited on Nb are reported. Using the standard deposition procedure, QE ~12% is found for films ~ 200Å. As the thickness is reduced QE maintains a high value ~ 6% for films as thin as 2.0 nm. These results are quite promising for future superconducting photocathodes.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-MOPB065
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MOPB080	The Stable Operation of MPG and Measurement of Output	ion, electron, experiment, cavity	254
	B.T. Li, X.Y. Lu, L. Xiao, D.Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z.Q. Yang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The concept of micro-pulse electron gun(MPG) was proposed decades ago. It can provide electron beam with high current, short pulse and low emittance. But it is still not put into practical use as electron source because of its unsteady operating state. This paper presents an experimental result of the steady running of MPG which can operate stably for more than ten hours. The energy spread of the electron beam is also measured, the peak is located at near 20eV and half width is less than 15eV .
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-MOPB080
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TUPB073	Vertical Electro-polishing Collaboration Between Cornell, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd	cavity, ion, SRF, linac	563
	F. Furuta, M. Ge, T. Gruber, J.J. Kaufman, M. Liepe, J. Sears Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Cornell's SRF group, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd (MGI) have collaborated since 2014 on Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) R&D as a part of a US/Japan Program for Cooperation in High Energy Physics. We have focused on an improvement of removal uniformity during the VEP process. MGI and KEK have developed their original VEP cathode named i-cathode Ninja®, which has four retractable wing-shape parts per cell. Cornell processed one single cell cavity with VEP using this cathode and performed a vertical test. KEK also provided one 9-cell cavity to Cornell. Cornell then performed surface treatments including Cornell VEP and RF test on this 9-cell cavity. The progress by the VEP collaboration and RF test results are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB073
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TUPB075	Vertical Electro Polishing of Superconducting Single-and Multi Cell Gun Resonators	gun, cavity, ion, SRF	571
	N. Steinhau-Kühl, R. Bandelmann, A. Matheisen, S. Saegebarth, M. Schmökel DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Arnold HZDR, Dresden, Germany
	At DESY activities on surface treatment of superconducting RF gun cavity resonators at 1.3 GHz are ongoing. Due to the small opening on the endplate for insertion of cathodes, no reasonable acid flow can be realized with the existing set up for horizontal electro polishing. To benefit from electro polishing of Niobium surfaces, an adapter to the existing horizontal electro polishing bench at DESY was set up and is in operation now. Vertical EP was applied on 1.3 GHz SRF gun resonators with 1.6 and 3.5 cell geometry. Work flow, process conditions as well as test results of gun cavities treated so far at DESY are described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB075
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TUPB084	EP System Development at IHEP	cavity, ion, controls, SRF	586
	S. Jin, J. Dai, J. Gao, D.J. Gong, F.S. He, Z.Q. Li, Z.C. Liu, P. Sha, J.Y. Zhai, P. Zhang, T.X. Zhao IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Electropolishing (EP) System is a critical facility for SRF cavity treatment, especially for high performance cavities which are necessary for several great projects like LCLS-II, CEPC, Shanghai XFEL, and so on. So, an EP system was under development at IHEP. At this stage, we would like a horizontal EP facility. Main purpose is for elliptical SRF Nb cavities like 500MHz single cell cavities. Besides, it should be compatible for other frequency cavities, such as 650MHz and 1.3GHz cavities. In this paper, we will mainly report the preliminary design for the EP system. Several key points in the design will be also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB084
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TUPB091	Study on Vertical Electropolising of 9-cell Niobium Coupon Cavity	ion, cavity, niobium, polarization	602
	V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Authors report a study on vertical electropolishing (VEP) carried out for a 1.3 GHz 9-cell niobium (Nb) coupon cavity using a unique cathode namely 'Ninja Cathode'. The design of the cathode for VEP of a 9-cell cavity was based on the Ninja cathode used for 1-cell cavity since the 1-cell Ninja cathode was found effective to reduce longitudinal asymmetry in material removal and to obtain a smooth surface of a 1-cell cavity. Moreover, 1-cell Nb cavities after being treated in VEP using the Ninja cathode showed good performance in vertical RF tests. The 9-cell coupon cavity used in this study was designed to have totally nine coupons set on the iris and equator positions of the first, fifth and ninth cells. These three cells contain viewports as well at their upper and lower iris positions. Measurement of currents from the individual coupons and in-situ observation are possible using the cavity to understand EP phenomenon at different locations of the cavity. VEP results, which include removal thicknesses at different positions of the cavity and surface study of the coupons, are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB091
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TUPB092	Analysis of Niobium Surface and Generated Particles in Vertical Electropolishing of Single-cell Coupon Cavity	ion, cavity, experiment, niobium	607
	V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	In our previous studies, we have reported parameter investigation for vertical electropolishing (VEP) of 1-cell niobium (Nb) tesla/ILC type cavities using a Ninja cathode. A 1-cell coupon cavity containing six Nb disk coupons at its different positions was found effective to reduce time and cost to establish an optimized VEP recipe. In this work, we present surface analyses of VEPed Nb coupon surfaces using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces contained micro- and nano-sized particles which were found with random distributions and different number densities on the beam pipe and iris coupons. Surfaces of equator coupons were found to have relatively less number of particles or almost clean. To analyze particles, a few particles were picked-up from a coupon surface using a tungsten tip under SEM and analyzed with EDX while the coupon was moved out from the SEM chamber to avoid its effect in EDX spectra. The particles were confirmed as oxygen-rich niobium and contained fluorine and carbon also. XPS analysis of the coupon surfaces was also carried out for further study of surface chemistry.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB092
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TUPB093	Nb Single-cell Cavity Vertical Electro-polishing with Ninja Cathode and Evaluation of its Accelerating Gradient	ion, cavity, experiment, accelerating-gradient	612
	K.N. Nii, V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan P. Carbonnier, Y. Gasser, L. Maurice CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Éozénou, C. Servouin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe KEK, Ibaraki, Japan Th. Proslier CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd. has been improving Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) technology for Nb superconducting RF cavity in collaboration with KEK. In this collaboration, we developed a unique cathode namely Ninja cathode for VEP treatment of Nb cavities. We have already reported that longitudinal symmetry in niobium removal and surface state of a single cell cavity were improved after VEP using the Ninja cathode. In this article, we report a result of accelerating gradient evaluation for 1.3 GHz single cell RF cavity after VEP with Ninja cathode in collaboration with KEK and CEA Saclay.
	Poster TUPB093 [0.704 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB093
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TUPB097	R&D of Electro-polishing (EP) Process with HF-free Neutral Electrolyte by Bipolar-pulse (BP) Method	ion, experiment, cavity, SRF	623
	J. Taguchi, Y. Mochida, T. Nakajima Nomura Plating Co, Ltd., Osaka, Japan H. Hayano, T. Saeki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan S. Kakudo, M. Kunieda The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
	Currently the Electro-Polishing (EP) process of Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) accelerating cavity is performed with the electrolyte that is the mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids. However, the electrolyte is very dangerous and the environmental load in the disposal process of electrolyte is very heavy. This is the reason why the high cost is necessary in the safe design of facility and the safe operation of process in the conventional EP method. In such situation, considering the reduction of cost and environmental load in the EP process, we performed the R&D of novel EP process with HF-free neutral electrolyte by Bipolar-Pulse (BP) method. In this presentation, we will report the removal rate, surface roughness and the results of surface analysis for the Nb-coupon samples that were processed by the BP-EP with HF-free neutral electrolyte.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB097
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TUPB112	First Test of Electropolishing System at IMPCAS	ion, cavity, controls, SRF	660
	L. Li, Q.W. Chu, H. Guo, Y. He, P.R. Xiong, Z.Q. Yang, Z.M. You, B. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X. Zhu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The first SRF cavity electropolishing system of China has been built by IMPCAS. We used two type of cathodes in different process parameters to test the typical Voltage-Current Density curves of 1.3GHz one-cell SRF cavity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB112
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THPB048	Double Cathode Configuration for the Nb Coating of HIE-ISOLDE Cavities	ion, cavity, ISOL, simulation	854
	A. Awais NCP, Islamabad, Pakistan A. Awais, A.J.G. Lunt, G.J. Rosaz, A. Sublet, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) cavities for HIE-ISOLDE project at CERN have entered their ending phase of production. Some R&D is still required to improve the uniformity of the Nb layer thickness on the cavity surface. In order to improve this behaviour one approach which has been proposed is to replace the single cathode with a double cathode and test the suitability of different deposition techniques. With this change it is possible to control the plasma and power distribution separately for the inner and outer part of cavity and thereby potentially improve film uniformity throughout the cavity and coating duration. In this study a comparison between the deposition rates obtained using a single cathode and a double cathode using Direct Current (DC)-bias diode sputtering, DC-magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and Pulsed DC-magnetron sputtering (PDCMS) is presented. The morphology of the thin film samples were compared using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross section milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.
	Poster THPB048 [3.715 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB048
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THPB075	GaN-based Photocathodes for High Brightness Electron Beams	ion, electron, target, experiment	906
	M. Schumacher, X. Jiang, M. Vogel University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
	Funding: This research is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the framework of HOPE II (project number 05K16PS1). Prospective light sources requires photocathodes with high quantum efficiency (QE), long lifetime and minimized thermal emittance. One promising candidate meeting the aforementioned specifications is GaN. Due to its wide band gap (Eg = 3,4 eV), GaN can be excited by UV-light sources. Its thermal and chemical stability are added bonuses. In the framework of the present activity, the synthesis of GaN films on Si, Cu, Mo and Nb by means of rf magnetron sputtering is proposed. In this context, Ga, GaAs and GaN are suitable source material candidates, which are sputtered in a nitrogen/argon plasma discharge. The conductivity as well as the band-gap of the corresponding films can be modified by dopants like Mg and In, respectively. Standard materials science characterization techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRD or XPS are used to explore the growth mechanism of GaN alongside with a morphological and chemical examination. To assess and optimize the performance of the photocathode the abovementioned requirements are tested in an in-situ setup. In addition to the project outline, first experimental results of GaN coatings synthesized based on a GaAs source sputtered in pure N2 are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB075
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THPB076	Carbon-based Coatings for Electron Cloud Mitigation in SRF Photocathodes	ion, SRF, gun, electron	910
	M. Vogel, X. Jiang, C. Schlemper University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
	Funding: This research has been funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the framework of HOPE I (project number 05K13PS2). During the past three years, we developed a coating along with a corresponding in-situ characterization process in order to realize SRF-gun surfaces featuring low secondary electron yield (SEY). Important aspects that have been accounted for are the homogeneity and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the cylindrical SRF-gun mantle. Furthermore, the correlation between SEY and crystallinity, morphology, and contamination was studied in detail. The SEY maximum can be tuned between 1.5 and less than 0.7 depending on the deposition conditions. In this work, we recap the results and present a general strategy for the effective mitigation of electron cloud multiplication.
	Poster THPB076 [5.583 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB076
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPB065

Development of Hybrid Superconducting Photocathodes on Niobium Using High QE Coatings

ion, electron, site, SRF

205

M. Warren, A.R. Denchfield, N. Samuelson, J. Zasadzinski
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
W. Gai, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
L.K. Spentzouris, Z.M. Yusof
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

High power, low emittance electron beams require superconducting RF photoinjectors, typically made of pure Nb, and a superconducting photocathode is desired. However, superconductivity and high photocathode quantum efficiency (QE) are not compatible, e.g. QE for pure Nb is only 10^-5 at 260 nm wavelength. Here is presented the current status of the development of hybrid superconducting photocathodes by the deposition of thin films of a high QE metal or semiconductor on Nb. Nb plugs coated with 10-100 nm of Mg have been tested for adhesion and dark current under RF fields as high as 60MV/m. QE measurements show significant enhancements over Nb. In another test, ultra thin films of the high QE material Cs2Te deposited on Nb are reported. Using the standard deposition procedure, QE ~12% is found for films ~ 200Å. As the thickness is reduced QE maintains a high value ~ 6% for films as thin as 2.0 nm. These results are quite promising for future superconducting photocathodes.

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MOPB080

The Stable Operation of MPG and Measurement of Output

ion, electron, experiment, cavity

254

B.T. Li, X.Y. Lu, L. Xiao, D.Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z.Q. Yang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The concept of micro-pulse electron gun(MPG) was proposed decades ago. It can provide electron beam with high current, short pulse and low emittance. But it is still not put into practical use as electron source because of its unsteady operating state. This paper presents an experimental result of the steady running of MPG which can operate stably for more than ten hours. The energy spread of the electron beam is also measured, the peak is located at near 20eV and half width is less than 15eV .

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-MOPB080

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TUPB073

Vertical Electro-polishing Collaboration Between Cornell, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd

cavity, ion, SRF, linac

563

F. Furuta, M. Ge, T. Gruber, J.J. Kaufman, M. Liepe, J. Sears
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Cornell's SRF group, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd (MGI) have collaborated since 2014 on Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) R&D as a part of a US/Japan Program for Cooperation in High Energy Physics. We have focused on an improvement of removal uniformity during the VEP process. MGI and KEK have developed their original VEP cathode named i-cathode Ninja®, which has four retractable wing-shape parts per cell. Cornell processed one single cell cavity with VEP using this cathode and performed a vertical test. KEK also provided one 9-cell cavity to Cornell. Cornell then performed surface treatments including Cornell VEP and RF test on this 9-cell cavity. The progress by the VEP collaboration and RF test results are presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB073

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TUPB075

Vertical Electro Polishing of Superconducting Single-and Multi Cell Gun Resonators

gun, cavity, ion, SRF

571

N. Steinhau-Kühl, R. Bandelmann, A. Matheisen, S. Saegebarth, M. Schmökel
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Arnold
HZDR, Dresden, Germany

At DESY activities on surface treatment of superconducting RF gun cavity resonators at 1.3 GHz are ongoing. Due to the small opening on the endplate for insertion of cathodes, no reasonable acid flow can be realized with the existing set up for horizontal electro polishing. To benefit from electro polishing of Niobium surfaces, an adapter to the existing horizontal electro polishing bench at DESY was set up and is in operation now. Vertical EP was applied on 1.3 GHz SRF gun resonators with 1.6 and 3.5 cell geometry. Work flow, process conditions as well as test results of gun cavities treated so far at DESY are described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB075

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TUPB084

EP System Development at IHEP

cavity, ion, controls, SRF

586

S. Jin, J. Dai, J. Gao, D.J. Gong, F.S. He, Z.Q. Li, Z.C. Liu, P. Sha, J.Y. Zhai, P. Zhang, T.X. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Electropolishing (EP) System is a critical facility for SRF cavity treatment, especially for high performance cavities which are necessary for several great projects like LCLS-II, CEPC, Shanghai XFEL, and so on. So, an EP system was under development at IHEP. At this stage, we would like a horizontal EP facility. Main purpose is for elliptical SRF Nb cavities like 500MHz single cell cavities. Besides, it should be compatible for other frequency cavities, such as 650MHz and 1.3GHz cavities. In this paper, we will mainly report the preliminary design for the EP system. Several key points in the design will be also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB084

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TUPB091

Study on Vertical Electropolising of 9-cell Niobium Coupon Cavity

ion, cavity, niobium, polarization

602

V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Authors report a study on vertical electropolishing (VEP) carried out for a 1.3 GHz 9-cell niobium (Nb) coupon cavity using a unique cathode namely 'Ninja Cathode'. The design of the cathode for VEP of a 9-cell cavity was based on the Ninja cathode used for 1-cell cavity since the 1-cell Ninja cathode was found effective to reduce longitudinal asymmetry in material removal and to obtain a smooth surface of a 1-cell cavity. Moreover, 1-cell Nb cavities after being treated in VEP using the Ninja cathode showed good performance in vertical RF tests. The 9-cell coupon cavity used in this study was designed to have totally nine coupons set on the iris and equator positions of the first, fifth and ninth cells. These three cells contain viewports as well at their upper and lower iris positions. Measurement of currents from the individual coupons and in-situ observation are possible using the cavity to understand EP phenomenon at different locations of the cavity. VEP results, which include removal thicknesses at different positions of the cavity and surface study of the coupons, are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB091

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TUPB092

Analysis of Niobium Surface and Generated Particles in Vertical Electropolishing of Single-cell Coupon Cavity

ion, cavity, experiment, niobium

607

V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

In our previous studies, we have reported parameter investigation for vertical electropolishing (VEP) of 1-cell niobium (Nb) tesla/ILC type cavities using a Ninja cathode. A 1-cell coupon cavity containing six Nb disk coupons at its different positions was found effective to reduce time and cost to establish an optimized VEP recipe. In this work, we present surface analyses of VEPed Nb coupon surfaces using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces contained micro- and nano-sized particles which were found with random distributions and different number densities on the beam pipe and iris coupons. Surfaces of equator coupons were found to have relatively less number of particles or almost clean. To analyze particles, a few particles were picked-up from a coupon surface using a tungsten tip under SEM and analyzed with EDX while the coupon was moved out from the SEM chamber to avoid its effect in EDX spectra. The particles were confirmed as oxygen-rich niobium and contained fluorine and carbon also. XPS analysis of the coupon surfaces was also carried out for further study of surface chemistry.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB092

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TUPB093

Nb Single-cell Cavity Vertical Electro-polishing with Ninja Cathode and Evaluation of its Accelerating Gradient

ion, cavity, experiment, accelerating-gradient

612

K.N. Nii, V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
P. Carbonnier, Y. Gasser, L. Maurice
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Éozénou, C. Servouin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
H. Hayano, S. Kato, H. Monjushiro, T. Saeki, M. Sawabe
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Th. Proslier
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd. has been improving Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) technology for Nb superconducting RF cavity in collaboration with KEK. In this collaboration, we developed a unique cathode namely Ninja cathode for VEP treatment of Nb cavities. We have already reported that longitudinal symmetry in niobium removal and surface state of a single cell cavity were improved after VEP using the Ninja cathode. In this article, we report a result of accelerating gradient evaluation for 1.3 GHz single cell RF cavity after VEP with Ninja cathode in collaboration with KEK and CEA Saclay.

Poster TUPB093 [0.704 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB093

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TUPB097

R&D of Electro-polishing (EP) Process with HF-free Neutral Electrolyte by Bipolar-pulse (BP) Method

ion, experiment, cavity, SRF

623

J. Taguchi, Y. Mochida, T. Nakajima
Nomura Plating Co, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
H. Hayano, T. Saeki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
S. Kakudo, M. Kunieda
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Currently the Electro-Polishing (EP) process of Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) accelerating cavity is performed with the electrolyte that is the mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids. However, the electrolyte is very dangerous and the environmental load in the disposal process of electrolyte is very heavy. This is the reason why the high cost is necessary in the safe design of facility and the safe operation of process in the conventional EP method. In such situation, considering the reduction of cost and environmental load in the EP process, we performed the R&D of novel EP process with HF-free neutral electrolyte by Bipolar-Pulse (BP) method. In this presentation, we will report the removal rate, surface roughness and the results of surface analysis for the Nb-coupon samples that were processed by the BP-EP with HF-free neutral electrolyte.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB097

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TUPB112

First Test of Electropolishing System at IMPCAS

ion, cavity, controls, SRF

660

L. Li, Q.W. Chu, H. Guo, Y. He, P.R. Xiong, Z.Q. Yang, Z.M. You, B. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X. Zhu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The first SRF cavity electropolishing system of China has been built by IMPCAS. We used two type of cathodes in different process parameters to test the typical Voltage-Current Density curves of 1.3GHz one-cell SRF cavity.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-TUPB112

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THPB048

Double Cathode Configuration for the Nb Coating of HIE-ISOLDE Cavities

ion, cavity, ISOL, simulation

854

A. Awais
NCP, Islamabad, Pakistan
A. Awais, A.J.G. Lunt, G.J. Rosaz, A. Sublet, M. Taborelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) cavities for HIE-ISOLDE project at CERN have entered their ending phase of production. Some R&D is still required to improve the uniformity of the Nb layer thickness on the cavity surface. In order to improve this behaviour one approach which has been proposed is to replace the single cathode with a double cathode and test the suitability of different deposition techniques. With this change it is possible to control the plasma and power distribution separately for the inner and outer part of cavity and thereby potentially improve film uniformity throughout the cavity and coating duration. In this study a comparison between the deposition rates obtained using a single cathode and a double cathode using Direct Current (DC)-bias diode sputtering, DC-magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and Pulsed DC-magnetron sputtering (PDCMS) is presented. The morphology of the thin film samples were compared using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross section milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Poster THPB048 [3.715 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB048

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THPB075

GaN-based Photocathodes for High Brightness Electron Beams

ion, electron, target, experiment

906

M. Schumacher, X. Jiang, M. Vogel
University Siegen, Siegen, Germany

Funding: This research is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the framework of HOPE II (project number 05K16PS1).
Prospective light sources requires photocathodes with high quantum efficiency (QE), long lifetime and minimized thermal emittance. One promising candidate meeting the aforementioned specifications is GaN. Due to its wide band gap (Eg = 3,4 eV), GaN can be excited by UV-light sources. Its thermal and chemical stability are added bonuses. In the framework of the present activity, the synthesis of GaN films on Si, Cu, Mo and Nb by means of rf magnetron sputtering is proposed. In this context, Ga, GaAs and GaN are suitable source material candidates, which are sputtered in a nitrogen/argon plasma discharge. The conductivity as well as the band-gap of the corresponding films can be modified by dopants like Mg and In, respectively. Standard materials science characterization techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRD or XPS are used to explore the growth mechanism of GaN alongside with a morphological and chemical examination. To assess and optimize the performance of the photocathode the abovementioned requirements are tested in an in-situ setup. In addition to the project outline, first experimental results of GaN coatings synthesized based on a GaAs source sputtered in pure N2 are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB075

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THPB076

Carbon-based Coatings for Electron Cloud Mitigation in SRF Photocathodes

ion, SRF, gun, electron

910

M. Vogel, X. Jiang, C. Schlemper
University Siegen, Siegen, Germany

Funding: This research has been funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the framework of HOPE I (project number 05K13PS2).
During the past three years, we developed a coating along with a corresponding in-situ characterization process in order to realize SRF-gun surfaces featuring low secondary electron yield (SEY). Important aspects that have been accounted for are the homogeneity and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the cylindrical SRF-gun mantle. Furthermore, the correlation between SEY and crystallinity, morphology, and contamination was studied in detail. The SEY maximum can be tuned between 1.5 and less than 0.7 depending on the deposition conditions. In this work, we recap the results and present a general strategy for the effective mitigation of electron cloud multiplication.

Poster THPB076 [5.583 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB076

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