ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (rfq)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOP03	ALISES II source is still alive at CEA Saclay	plasma, ion-source, proton, emittance	35
	O. Delferrière, A. Dubois, D. Uriot, J. Schwindling, O. Tuske, Y. Gauthier, Y. Sauce CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Mezei Mirrotron Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
	Developments of ECR intense light ion sources is an important research axis of the Laboratory of Study and Development of Accelerator at CEA-Saclay. Starting from the SILHI proton source in the 90’s to inject the IPHI accelerator, several SILHI-type sources have been realized and installed for high intensity proton or deuteron accelerators for international projects like IFMIF, FAIR or SPIRAL2. From 2011, we started new R&D program on high intensity ECR compact ion sources with the ALISES source family. The results obtained with the first ALISES source prototype gave us the main goals for the design of ALISES II source that runs several months on our 50 kV test bench BETSI and was dismounted at the end of 2016 to upgrade the test bench to 100 kV. But this source was never reinstalled and has been replaced by the ALISES III sources that runs on BETSI up to now. Recently, ALISES II ion source and its equipment is reassembled to be restarted on BETSI for beam characterization before sending it to MIRROTRON factory in Hungary as injector of proton for neutron beam facility. This paper describes the setup on BETSI and proton beam characteristics obtained by emittance measurements, spatial species proportion analysis with Wien filter and current optimization. Installation at MIRROTRON factory is also reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP03
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP10	Light ions from the GTS-LHC ion source for future physics at CERN	operation, emittance, extraction, experiment	53
	D. Küchler, B.S. Bhaskar, G. Bellodi, M. Slupecki, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Starting from 2028, physics programmes using ions at CERN have requested lighter ions than the lead usually produced. The Working Group on Future Ions in the CERN Accelerator Complex has been mandated to assess the feasibility of the production and operation of these new ion species. The ion beam production from two of the chosen elements, krypton and magnesium, was studied in the GTS-LHC ion source, and the preliminary results of beam intensity, stability and emittance will be presented, as well as proposed modifications to improve performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP10
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 05 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP08	Planned optimization of the ion sources on the HIT test bench	ion-source, plasma, resonance, ECR	109
	T. Winkelmann, A. Peters, B. Naas, R. Cee, Th. Haberer HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) is a hospital-based treatment facility in Germany. Since the first treatments in 2009, more than 8.500 patients have been irradiated with protons or carbon ions and since July 2021 with helium ions. At HIT, three Supernanogan ion sources supplied by Pantechnik are in operation around the clock for therapy up to 335 days a year. A 4th Supernanogan ECR ion source is installed at the HIT test bench. The test bench is currently being prepared for a measurement campaign that will begin in October. The aim of the investigations is to obtain more beam current for the carbon ions used in therapy by feeding two microwave frequencies in parallel. We expect that this experiment will provide a better understanding of the ionization process in the ion source. In the first step we will feed 14.5 GHz and an extra frequency near the resonance frequency of 14.5 GHz. ±0.5 GHz. In the second step we will feed in 14.5 GHz and 18 GHz. To characterize and evaluate the beam quality in this setup, we will use the pepperpot a 4D emittance measuring device. In addition, it is possible to measure the beam current and the beam profile at the test bench. This article provides an overview of the planned developments on the test bench.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP08
About •	Received ※ 12 September 2024 — Revised ※ 19 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11	Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator	LEBT, emittance, simulation, injection	120
	C. Zhang, E. Boos GSI, Darmstadt, Germany E. Boos, C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Zhang HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP13	Transport of intense Bismuth and Uranium beams into a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator	ECR, ion-source, extraction, focusing	124
	G.O. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India R.W. Hamm R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, CA, USA
	A 48.5 MHz RFQ has been designed to transport and accelerate ²³⁸U⁴⁰⁺ (0.52 emA) and ²⁰⁹Bi³⁰⁺ (1.047 emA) beams extracted from a high performance ECR ion source. The RFQ design comprises of a pre-buncher built into the vanes to narrow the transmitted charge state distribution as much as possible. The design parameters as a function of cell length is optimised on ²⁰⁹Bi³⁰⁺. It is shown that the losses of various ions without using an inlet aperture are inevitable, but by proper coating of the vanes of the RFQ, sputtering can be minimised to a great extent. Titanium shows better results when compared with gold or copper and this has been verified using the modelling results from SRIM. The design details of matching the ECR and the RFQ and the predicted performance will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP13
About •	Received ※ 12 March 2025 — Revised ※ 01 May 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2025 — Issued ※ 29 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA2	Compact 2.45 GHz PMECR ion sources and LEBTs developed for accelerator based radiation therapy facilities at Peking University	ion-source, proton, ECR, LEBT	139
	S.X. Peng, B.J. Cui, T.H. Ma, W.B. Wu, K. Li, Y.C. Dong, Z.Y. Guo, J.E. Chen PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11975036, 11775007) Recently, Accelerator Based Radiation Therapy (ABRT) facilities for cancer treatment, that includes ion therapy and BNCT, have been bloomed up rapidly and is being established as a future modality to start a new era of in-hospital facilities around the world. A high current, small emittance, easy maintenance, long lifetime, high stability and reliability ion source is crucially important for those ABRT facilities. Research on this kind of characters ion source has been launched at Peking University (PKU) ion source group for more than 30 years and some exciting progresses, such as hundred mA H⁺/N+/O+ etc. beam current, less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad emittance, a continue 300 hours non-sparking CW proton operation record have been achieved. Recently, we also involved in the ABRT campaign by in charging of ion sources. In this paper, we will summarize the several compact PKU 2.45 GHz permanent magnet ECR sources (PMECR) that were developed for proton therapy machines and BNCT facilities. The individual structure of the sources as well as the LEBT along with the commissioning results will be presented then.
	Slides WEA2 [18.981 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA2
About •	Received ※ 18 September 2024 — Revised ※ 25 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 31 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOP03

ALISES II source is still alive at CEA Saclay

plasma, ion-source, proton, emittance

35

O. Delferrière, A. Dubois, D. Uriot, J. Schwindling, O. Tuske, Y. Gauthier, Y. Sauce
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Mezei
Mirrotron Ltd., Budapest, Hungary

Developments of ECR intense light ion sources is an important research axis of the Laboratory of Study and Development of Accelerator at CEA-Saclay. Starting from the SILHI proton source in the 90’s to inject the IPHI accelerator, several SILHI-type sources have been realized and installed for high intensity proton or deuteron accelerators for international projects like IFMIF, FAIR or SPIRAL2. From 2011, we started new R&D program on high intensity ECR compact ion sources with the ALISES source family. The results obtained with the first ALISES source prototype gave us the main goals for the design of ALISES II source that runs several months on our 50 kV test bench BETSI and was dismounted at the end of 2016 to upgrade the test bench to 100 kV. But this source was never reinstalled and has been replaced by the ALISES III sources that runs on BETSI up to now. Recently, ALISES II ion source and its equipment is reassembled to be restarted on BETSI for beam characterization before sending it to MIRROTRON factory in Hungary as injector of proton for neutron beam facility. This paper describes the setup on BETSI and proton beam characteristics obtained by emittance measurements, spatial species proportion analysis with Wien filter and current optimization. Installation at MIRROTRON factory is also reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP03

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP10

Light ions from the GTS-LHC ion source for future physics at CERN

operation, emittance, extraction, experiment

53

D. Küchler, B.S. Bhaskar, G. Bellodi, M. Slupecki, R. Scrivens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Starting from 2028, physics programmes using ions at CERN have requested lighter ions than the lead usually produced. The Working Group on Future Ions in the CERN Accelerator Complex has been mandated to assess the feasibility of the production and operation of these new ion species. The ion beam production from two of the chosen elements, krypton and magnesium, was studied in the GTS-LHC ion source, and the preliminary results of beam intensity, stability and emittance will be presented, as well as proposed modifications to improve performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP10

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 05 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP08

Planned optimization of the ion sources on the HIT test bench

ion-source, plasma, resonance, ECR

109

T. Winkelmann, A. Peters, B. Naas, R. Cee, Th. Haberer
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) is a hospital-based treatment facility in Germany. Since the first treatments in 2009, more than 8.500 patients have been irradiated with protons or carbon ions and since July 2021 with helium ions. At HIT, three Supernanogan ion sources supplied by Pantechnik are in operation around the clock for therapy up to 335 days a year. A 4th Supernanogan ECR ion source is installed at the HIT test bench. The test bench is currently being prepared for a measurement campaign that will begin in October. The aim of the investigations is to obtain more beam current for the carbon ions used in therapy by feeding two microwave frequencies in parallel. We expect that this experiment will provide a better understanding of the ionization process in the ion source. In the first step we will feed 14.5 GHz and an extra frequency near the resonance frequency of 14.5 GHz. ±0.5 GHz. In the second step we will feed in 14.5 GHz and 18 GHz. To characterize and evaluate the beam quality in this setup, we will use the pepperpot a 4D emittance measuring device. In addition, it is possible to measure the beam current and the beam profile at the test bench. This article provides an overview of the planned developments on the test bench.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP08

About •

Received ※ 12 September 2024 — Revised ※ 19 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11

Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator

LEBT, emittance, simulation, injection

120

C. Zhang, E. Boos
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E. Boos, C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Zhang
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP13

Transport of intense Bismuth and Uranium beams into a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator

ECR, ion-source, extraction, focusing

124

G.O. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R.W. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, CA, USA

A 48.5 MHz RFQ has been designed to transport and accelerate ²³⁸U⁴⁰⁺ (0.52 emA) and ²⁰⁹Bi³⁰⁺ (1.047 emA) beams extracted from a high performance ECR ion source. The RFQ design comprises of a pre-buncher built into the vanes to narrow the transmitted charge state distribution as much as possible. The design parameters as a function of cell length is optimised on ²⁰⁹Bi³⁰⁺. It is shown that the losses of various ions without using an inlet aperture are inevitable, but by proper coating of the vanes of the RFQ, sputtering can be minimised to a great extent. Titanium shows better results when compared with gold or copper and this has been verified using the modelling results from SRIM. The design details of matching the ECR and the RFQ and the predicted performance will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP13

About •

Received ※ 12 March 2025 — Revised ※ 01 May 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2025 — Issued ※ 29 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA2

Compact 2.45 GHz PMECR ion sources and LEBTs developed for accelerator based radiation therapy facilities at Peking University

ion-source, proton, ECR, LEBT

139

S.X. Peng, B.J. Cui, T.H. Ma, W.B. Wu, K. Li, Y.C. Dong, Z.Y. Guo, J.E. Chen
PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11975036, 11775007)
Recently, Accelerator Based Radiation Therapy (ABRT) facilities for cancer treatment, that includes ion therapy and BNCT, have been bloomed up rapidly and is being established as a future modality to start a new era of in-hospital facilities around the world. A high current, small emittance, easy maintenance, long lifetime, high stability and reliability ion source is crucially important for those ABRT facilities. Research on this kind of characters ion source has been launched at Peking University (PKU) ion source group for more than 30 years and some exciting progresses, such as hundred mA H⁺/N+/O+ etc. beam current, less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad emittance, a continue 300 hours non-sparking CW proton operation record have been achieved. Recently, we also involved in the ABRT campaign by in charging of ion sources. In this paper, we will summarize the several compact PKU 2.45 GHz permanent magnet ECR sources (PMECR) that were developed for proton therapy machines and BNCT facilities. The individual structure of the sources as well as the LEBT along with the commissioning results will be presented then.

Slides WEA2 [18.981 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA2

About •

Received ※ 18 September 2024 — Revised ※ 25 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 31 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)