ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (LEBT)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOD2	Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories	emittance, extraction, experiment, simulation	22
	G.R. Mascali INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G.R. Mascali Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
	At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.
	Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP09	Status report on 60 GHz ECRIS activity	experiment, ion-source, ECR, extraction	49
	T. Andre, A. Cernuschi, C. Peaucelle, E. Labussière, M. Migliore, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, O. Zimmermann, P. Sole, P.-O. Dumont, T. Thuillier LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble Cedex, France F. Debray Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Grenoble, France
	SEISM (Sixty gigahErtz Ion Source using Megawatt magnets) is an electron cyclotron resonance ion source source operating at the frequency of 60 GHz using a gyrotron producing high intensity HF pulse (up to 1 ms/300 kW/2 Hz). The prototype is based on an axial cusp magnetic geometry using polyhelix coils (installed at the LNCMI facility in Grenoble) generating a closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. Since 2019 and the restart of the project, several experimental campaigns were carried out using oxygen support gas. Beam production was studied using the setting of the source aiming to reproduce the ion current densities of 1 A/cm² previously measured. Set up and recent experimental results, will be presented. Furthermore, in the frame of the PACIFICS project (funded by French National Research Agency under the Equipex Program), a new 60 GHz ion source will be built, where polyhelix will be replaced by superconducting coils and the source will be installed at LPSC for easier availability. A new extraction system will be built in order to transform the observed high current density into a target ion beam intensity of ~100 mA. This paper will present a preliminary study of the new extraction system, built upon the principles developed by Vybin [1]. The system’s design and optimization is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics and IBSIMU simulation tools, ensuring precise modeling of electric field fields and ion trajectories. [1] S.S. Vybin et al., “Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.”, vol. 29, p. 11LT02, 2020
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP09
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 22 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 02 June 2025 — Issued ※ 22 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11	Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator	rfq, emittance, simulation, injection	120
	C. Zhang, E. Boos GSI, Darmstadt, Germany E. Boos, C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Zhang HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA2	Compact 2.45 GHz PMECR ion sources and LEBTs developed for accelerator based radiation therapy facilities at Peking University	ion-source, proton, rfq, ECR	139
	S.X. Peng, B.J. Cui, T.H. Ma, W.B. Wu, K. Li, Y.C. Dong, Z.Y. Guo, J.E. Chen PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11975036, 11775007) Recently, Accelerator Based Radiation Therapy (ABRT) facilities for cancer treatment, that includes ion therapy and BNCT, have been bloomed up rapidly and is being established as a future modality to start a new era of in-hospital facilities around the world. A high current, small emittance, easy maintenance, long lifetime, high stability and reliability ion source is crucially important for those ABRT facilities. Research on this kind of characters ion source has been launched at Peking University (PKU) ion source group for more than 30 years and some exciting progresses, such as hundred mA H⁺/N+/O+ etc. beam current, less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad emittance, a continue 300 hours non-sparking CW proton operation record have been achieved. Recently, we also involved in the ABRT campaign by in charging of ion sources. In this paper, we will summarize the several compact PKU 2.45 GHz permanent magnet ECR sources (PMECR) that were developed for proton therapy machines and BNCT facilities. The individual structure of the sources as well as the LEBT along with the commissioning results will be presented then.
	Slides WEA2 [18.981 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA2
About •	Received ※ 18 September 2024 — Revised ※ 25 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 31 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories

emittance, extraction, experiment, simulation

22

G.R. Mascali
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà
INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G.R. Mascali
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.

Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2

About •

Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP09

Status report on 60 GHz ECRIS activity

experiment, ion-source, ECR, extraction

49

T. Andre, A. Cernuschi, C. Peaucelle, E. Labussière, M. Migliore, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, O. Zimmermann, P. Sole, P.-O. Dumont, T. Thuillier
LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble Cedex, France
F. Debray
Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Grenoble, France

SEISM (Sixty gigahErtz Ion Source using Megawatt magnets) is an electron cyclotron resonance ion source source operating at the frequency of 60 GHz using a gyrotron producing high intensity HF pulse (up to 1 ms/300 kW/2 Hz). The prototype is based on an axial cusp magnetic geometry using polyhelix coils (installed at the LNCMI facility in Grenoble) generating a closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. Since 2019 and the restart of the project, several experimental campaigns were carried out using oxygen support gas. Beam production was studied using the setting of the source aiming to reproduce the ion current densities of 1 A/cm² previously measured. Set up and recent experimental results, will be presented. Furthermore, in the frame of the PACIFICS project (funded by French National Research Agency under the Equipex Program), a new 60 GHz ion source will be built, where polyhelix will be replaced by superconducting coils and the source will be installed at LPSC for easier availability. A new extraction system will be built in order to transform the observed high current density into a target ion beam intensity of ~100 mA. This paper will present a preliminary study of the new extraction system, built upon the principles developed by Vybin [1]. The system’s design and optimization is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics and IBSIMU simulation tools, ensuring precise modeling of electric field fields and ion trajectories.
[1] S.S. Vybin et al., “Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.”, vol. 29, p. 11LT02, 2020

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP09

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 22 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 02 June 2025 — Issued ※ 22 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11

Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator

rfq, emittance, simulation, injection

120

C. Zhang, E. Boos
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E. Boos, C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Zhang
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA2

Compact 2.45 GHz PMECR ion sources and LEBTs developed for accelerator based radiation therapy facilities at Peking University

ion-source, proton, rfq, ECR

139

S.X. Peng, B.J. Cui, T.H. Ma, W.B. Wu, K. Li, Y.C. Dong, Z.Y. Guo, J.E. Chen
PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11975036, 11775007)
Recently, Accelerator Based Radiation Therapy (ABRT) facilities for cancer treatment, that includes ion therapy and BNCT, have been bloomed up rapidly and is being established as a future modality to start a new era of in-hospital facilities around the world. A high current, small emittance, easy maintenance, long lifetime, high stability and reliability ion source is crucially important for those ABRT facilities. Research on this kind of characters ion source has been launched at Peking University (PKU) ion source group for more than 30 years and some exciting progresses, such as hundred mA H⁺/N+/O+ etc. beam current, less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad emittance, a continue 300 hours non-sparking CW proton operation record have been achieved. Recently, we also involved in the ABRT campaign by in charging of ion sources. In this paper, we will summarize the several compact PKU 2.45 GHz permanent magnet ECR sources (PMECR) that were developed for proton therapy machines and BNCT facilities. The individual structure of the sources as well as the LEBT along with the commissioning results will be presented then.

Slides WEA2 [18.981 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA2

About •

Received ※ 18 September 2024 — Revised ※ 25 November 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 31 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)