LINAC2016 - Classification: 4 Beam Dynamics, Extreme Beams, Sources and Beam Related Technology / 4A Beam Dynamics, Beam Simulations, Beam Transport

Paper	Title	Page
MOPRC004	Beam Orbit Analysis and Correction of the FRIB Superconducting Linac	71
	Y. Zhang, Z.Q. He FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for precise beam orbit correction of a high power linac, and supplement to the model based or orbit response matrix (ORM) based correction methods. BBA will be applied to beam orbit analysis and correction of the FRIB linac arcs where a beam orbit offset within 0.1 mm is required to the second order achromatic beam tuning. In this paper, we first introduce the study of model based beam orbit correction of the arc, and then a more precise orbit correction with BBA. Realistic misalignment of beam elements and beam position monitors (BPMs) are included in the simulation studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC004
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MOPRC005	Beam Tuning of Achromatic Bending Areas of the FRIB Superconducting Linac	74
	Y. Zhang, C.P. Chu FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 To achieve the design beam power for heaviest ion species, acceleration and transport of multi charge state beams simultaneously in the FRIB superconducting linac becomes necessary, which poses a technical challenge especially to the FRIB folded lattice design. Achromatic and isochronous beam optics up to the second order must be established precisely in the linac bending areas, and as none-perfection beam elements and system errors exist in the real machine, beam tuning and beam optics corrections of the bending area are important to high power operation. In this paper, we introduce the beam tuning algorithms of the FRIB linac achromatic arcs and also discuss the simulation studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC005
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MOPRC006	Beam Tuning and Error Analysis of a Superconducting Linac	77
	Y. Zhang FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam tuning and error analysis of a superconducting linac for heavy ion beams are introduced in this paper. In simulation studies with accelerator codes, system errors to the beam tuning are analyzed numerically, which include random cavity and magnet errors and measurement errors of absolute beam phase, beam bunch length, and beam transverse profiles. Simple statistical equations are developed from the tedious and time-consuming numerical simulations, and they may provide advantage tools not only to analyze a linac beam tuning, such as phase and amplitude tuning of superconducting cavity, longitudinal and transverse beam matching, but also will be very helpful to linac design with practical beam diagnostics system and authentic accelerator lattice.
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MOPRC007	Status of and Plans for the Beam Dynamics Program DYNAC	80
	E. Tanke, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden S. Valero CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	A short introduction to the linac beam dynamics code DYNAC will be given. Recently implemented features, such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI), will be presented and benchmarking of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) model will be discussed. Additional planned features to DYNAC and the GUI will be touched upon.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC007
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MOPRC008	Dispersion Free and Dispersion Target Steering Experience at CTF3	83
	D. Gamba, R. Corsini, T. Persson, P.K. Skowroński, F. Tecker CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Burrows Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom P. Burrows JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	One of the goals of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN is to demonstrate the feasibility of the CLIC Drive Beam recombination, which takes place in the Drive Beam Recombination Complex (DBRC). The tight geometry of the DBRC together with its strong optics and the high energy-spread of the beam require a careful control of the beam size along the different sections of the DBRC. One of the main contribution to beam size is the dispersion. If uncontrolled, dispersion leads to fast increase of the beam size, hence it may affect the beam current stability of the combined beam. A tool has been implemented at CTF3 to measure and correct dispersion during and after the setup of the machine. Dispersion Free Steering (DFS) has been applied in the upstream drive beam LINAC, while Dispersion Target Steering (DTS) has been used in the rings of the DBRC. In the LINAC the weak optics and the wide dynamic aperture of the beamline allow a straightforward correction. In the DBRC the aperture is tighter, and the strong optics produce non-linear dispersion which one needs to take into account. A general overview of current status and future plans in controlling dispersion at CTF3 will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC008
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MOPRC009	Simulating Apertures in the Uniform Equivalent Beam Model	87
	G.H. Gillespie G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California, USA
	The uniform equivalent beam model is useful for simulating particle beam envelopes. Beam root-mean-square (rms) sizes, divergences, and emittances of an equivalent uniform beam approximate well the rms properties of more realistic beam distributions, even in the presence of space charge. Envelope simulation codes for high current beams using the model, such as TRACE 3-D, are central to particle optics design. However, the modeling of apertures has required multi-particle simulation codes. Multi-particle codes do not typically have the fitting and optimization capabilities common to envelope codes, so the evaluation of aperture effects is often a secondary study that may result in further design iteration. To incorporate aperture effects into the optics design at the start, a method has been developed for simulating apertures in the context of a uniform equivalent beam. The method is described and its TRACE 3-D implementation is outlined. Comparisons with multi-particle simulations are used to validate the method and examine regions of applicability.
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MOPRC011	FRIB Lattice-Model Service for Commissioning and Operation	90
	D.G. Maxwell, Z.Q. He, G. Shen FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DESC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. Accelerator beam simulation is crucial for the successful commissioning and operation of the FRIB linear accelerator. A primary requirement of the FRIB linear accelerator is to support a broad range of particle species and change states. Beam simulations must be performed for these various accelerator configurations and it is important the results be managed to ensure consistency and reproducibility. The FRIB Lattice-Model Service has been developed to manage simulation data using a convenient web-based interface, as well as, a RESTful API to allow integration with other services. This service provides a central location to store and organize simulation data. Additional features include search, comparison and visualization. The system architecture, data model and key features are discussed.
	Poster MOPRC011 [1.295 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC011
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MOPRC013	Tracking Based Courant-Snyder Parameter Matching in a Linac with a Strong Space-Charge Force	93
	R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	During the design of a hadron linac, matching at the interfaces of different structures or lattice periods is often performed with the linear approximation of the space-charge force. When space-charge is extremely strong, like in the low energy part of the proton linac of the European Spallation Source, such a matching method is not always good enough and could lead to a residual mismatch at the design level. To avoid this, a matching scheme based on iterations of tracking, thus including the full effect of the space-charge force, is developed. This paper presents the scheme itself as well as its application to the ESS linac.
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MOPRC014	Beam Dynamics Simulations of a High Charge S-Band Photoinjector for Electron Beam Imaging Experiments	97
SPWR004	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Y.R. Wang AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S. Cao, Z.M. Zhang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China W. Gai ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	A major challenge for high energy density physics is to measure properties of matter under extreme states of temperature and pressure that only occur in a time scale of 10 ns to 1 μs. Here we propose to use a single shot electron beam from an S-band photoinjector with enough energy to penetrate the material as a diagnostic capable of time resolution (< ns). In this paper, we report on the primary beam dynamics simulation of a S-band photocathode electron gun and accelerator that capable of producing up to 10 nC charge with high enough energy. Optimizations of the system parameters, including gun, focusing solenoid and acceleration field are performed using particle tracking code. The beam-line is designed to be installed in the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) electron accelerator centre for high precision electron imaging experimental studies.
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MOPRC016	RF-Track: Beam Tracking in Field Maps Including Space-Charge Effects, Features and Benchmarks	104
	A. Latina CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	RF-Track is a novel tracking code developed at CERN for the optimization of low-energy ion linacs in presence of space-charge effects. RF-Track features great flexibility and rapid simulation speed. It can transport beams of particles with arbitrary mass and charge even mixed together, solving fully relativistic equations of motion. It implements direct space-charge effects in a physically consistent manner, using parallel algorithms. It can simulate bunched beams as well as continuous ones, and transport through conventional elements as well as through maps of oscillating radio-frequency fields. RF-Track is written in optimized and parallel C++, and it uses the scripting languages Octave and Python as user interfaces. RF-Track has been tested successfully in several cases. The main features of the code and the results of its benchmark studies are presented in this paper.
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MOPRC017	CIADS HEBT Lattice Design	108
SPWR029	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Y.S. Qin IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: I want to apply for financial support. CIADS (China Initiative Accelerator Driven System) 600MeV HEBT (High-Energy Beam Transport) will deliver 6 MW beam to the target, with CW (continuous wave) 10 mA beam. The most serious challenges are vacuum differential section and beam uniformization on the target. A novel collimation plus vacuum differential section is proposed in the lattice design. A scanning method is designed for the round beam uniformization on the target.
	Poster MOPRC017 [1.273 MB]
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MOPRC018	Improved Beam Dynamics and Cavity RF Design for the FAIR Proton Injector	111
MOOP06	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	R. Tiede, A. Almomani, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The FAIR facility at GSI requires a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for the research program with intense antiproton beams. The main accelerator part consists of six 'Crossbar H-type' (CH) cavities operated at 325 MHz. Based on a linac layout carefully developed over several years, recently the beam dynamics has been revised with the scope of finalising the design and thus being able to start the construction of the main linac components. As compared to previous designs the MEBT behind the RFQ was slightly extended, the gap numbers per CH cavity and the voltage distributions were optimised and the layout of the intermediate diagnostics section including a rebuncher cavity at 33 MeV was redesigned. Finally, detailed machine error studies were performed in order to check the error response of the new design and the steering concept in particular. In the consequence, the final parameters obtained from the beam dynamics update are used for finalizing the CH-DTL cavity design by CST-MWS calculations.
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MOPRC019	Beam Dynamic of Transport Line 1+ with New HRMS for the SPES Project	114
	E. Khabibullina MEPhI, Moscow, Russia L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy E. Khabibullina ITEP, Moscow, Russia A.D. Russo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is integrated Italian facility in LNL (Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy) for production of high-intensity and highly charged beams of neutron-rich nuclei for Advanced Studies. The facility is based on 35-70MeV proton cyclotron, an ISOL fission target station and the existing ALPI superconducting accelerator as the post accelerator. In this paper the results of beam dynamic simulation of 132Sn ion beam transport line from Beam Cooler to the Charge Breeder, including HRMS (High Resolution Mass Separator) with mass resolution 1/20000 and electrostatic dipoles are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC019
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MOPRC020	Primary Beam Dynamic Simulation of Double Drift Double Buncher System for SPES Project	117
	A.V. Ziiatdinova MEPhI, Moscow, Russia L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy A.V. Ziiatdinova ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is a facility intended for production of neutron-rich Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) at the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL, Legnaro, Italy). Exotic nuclei production based on the ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) technology using UCx target. Neutron-rich nuclei will be generated by uranium fission under the influence of proton beam from cyclotron. After that, RIBs will be reaccelerated by the ALPI (Acceleratore Lineare Per Ioni). RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) will be used as a front-end part of the ALPI. Double drift double buncher system is planned to install before RFQ for increasing transmission. This article is dedicated to beam dynamic simulation and laying-out of transport line at section before ALPI.
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MOPRC023	Semi-3D Beam-Tracking Code for Electron Injectors Using Bulk-to-Point Calculation Technique for Space Charge Fields	120
	A. Mizuno, H. Hanaki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	A new semi-three-dimensional beam-tracking simulation code for electron injectors using bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields is developed. The calculated space charge fields are not produced by a point charge but a doughnut which has the volume and whose cross-section is ellipsoid. Since the calculation noise which is usually caused by distributions of positions of point charge can be minimized, high accuracy calculation on emittance is realized with small number of electrons. Simultaneously, the calculation time becomes markedly shortened. In this paper, calculation examples for asymmetrical beams are demonstrated by the new code. The accuracy of emittance is also discussed.
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MOP106023	Intra Bunch Train Transverse Dynamics in the Superconducting Accelerators FLASH and European XFEL	333
SPWR039	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	T. Hellert, W. Decking, M. Dohlus DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At FLASH and the European XFEL accelerator superconducting 9-cell TESLA cavities accelerate long bunch trains at high gradients in pulsed operation. Several RF cavities with individual operating limits are supplied by one RF power source. Within the bunch train, the low-level-RF system is able to restrict the variation of the vector sum voltage and phase of one control line below 3·10^-4 and 0.06 degree, respectively. However, individual cavities may have a significant spread of amplitudes and phases. Misaligned cavities in combination with variable RF parameters will cause significant intra-pulse orbit distortions, leading to an increase of the multi-bunch emittance. An efficient model including coupler kicks was developed to describe the effect at low beam energies. Comparison with start-to-end tracking and experimental data will be shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106023
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TUPRC002	ESS DTL Beam Dynamics Comparison Between S-Code and T-Code	411
	M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bellan Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
	The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. In this paper the DTL beam dynamics comparison between the s-code TraceWin and the t-code Parmela is presented. Full field map of the permanent magnet quadrupoles (with COMSOL) and RF fields of each of the 5 tanks (with MDTFish) were used for the two programs.
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TUPRC003	Effect of Number of Macro Particles on Time Evolution of Phase Space Distribution	414
	T. Miyajima KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600147. In particle tracking simulation with space charge effect, the macro-particle model, which has same mass-to-charge ratio, is widely used, since it does not require any symmetry of beam shape. However, selection of proper number of macro-particles is important, because the accuracy depends on it. Emittance, which is calculated by phase-space distribution, is especially affected by the number of macro-particles. In order to study the relation between the number of macro-particles and the resolution in the phase space, we defined a transformation, which describes reduction process of macro-particle number, and analyzed static phase space distribution. As a next step, we studied the effect of the macro-particle number on the dynamics of the phase space distribution for 1D charged particle distribution in the rest frame. The numerical result shows that the number of macro-particles affected the phase space distribution around the head and the tail of the bunch. * T. Miyajima, "Effect of number of macro particles in phase space distribution", in Proc. of IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA, pp.242-244 (2015).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC003
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TUPRC004	Frequency Spectra From Solenoid Lattice Orbits	417
SPWR044	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	C.J. Richard NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Multi-charge state heavy ion beams have been proposed to increase average beam intensity in rare isotope drive linacs. However, the dynamics of multi-charge state beams make it challenging to optimize the beam quality in low energy linacs. One of the primary complications is that the multiple charge states introduce different focusing effects in the beam dynamics. This leads to a large frequency spectrum in the transverse motion of the beam centroid. Matlab simulations are used to describe how the frequency spectrum of the centroid transforms when the reference charge state is changed in accelerating, space charge free solenoid lattices. These frequency shifts can then be used to predict the behavior of beam of known composition using the frequency spectrum of BPM signals.
	Poster TUPRC004 [1.192 MB]
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TUPRC005	Source and LEBT Beam Preparation for IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ	420
	L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P.-Y. Beauvais, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France L. Bellan Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy P. Cara Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany H. Dzitko F4E, Germany R. Gobin, F. Senée CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France R. Ichimiya, A. Kasugai, M. Sugimoto JAEA, Aomori, Japan A. Marqueta, F. Scantamburlo IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
	The commissioning phase of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ requires a complete beam characterization with simula-tions and measurements of the beam input from the IFMIF-EVEDA ion source and LEBT, in order to reach the RFQ input beam parameters. In this article, the simula-tions results of the complex source-LEBT with the corre-sponding set of measurements and their impact on the commissioning plan will be reported.
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TUPRC006	Phase-Space Transformation for a Uniform Target Irradiation at DONES	424
	C. Oliver, A. Ibarra CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain P. Cara Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France A. Gallego Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
	Funding: "This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053." In the framework of the EU Roadmap, a DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES) [] has been proposed to provide a high neutron intense neutron source with a suitable neutron spectrum to understand the degradation of advanced materials under DEMO and future fusion plants irradiation conditions. DONES will be based on the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility IFMIF [], being only one accelerator considered. The HEBT will be devoted to the transport, bending and shaping of the 40 MeV, 125 mA CW deuteron beam to the free surface of the rapidly flowing lithium target. To produce a forward peaked source of fusion-like neutrons, which stream through the target into the test cell, a rectangular uniform distribution across the flat top of the beam profile is required, being the footprint tailored in both the vertical and horizontal directions according to the target design. Different methods for beam uniformization in IFMIF accelerator has been proposed in the past [*]. Two main concerns in DONES will be the minimization of particle losses over the whole HEBT and the effect of the different shaping techniques on such strong space charge regime, specially on the beam halo modulation. A review of the different methods for the beam shaping of the high power, high space charge DONES HEBT beam will be depicted. A final solution will be proposed. [] DONES Conceptual Design Report, April 2014 [] IFMIF Comprehensive Design Report, CDR, IFMIF International Team, January 2004 [*] IFMIF Intermediate Engineering Design Report
	Poster TUPRC006 [2.546 MB]
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TUPRC008	Electron Driven ILC Positron Source with a Low Gradient Capture Linac	430
	M. Kuriki HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan T. Kakita Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan S. Kashiwagi Tohoku University, School of Science, Sendai, Japan K. Negishi Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan T. Okugi, T. Omori, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, J. Urakawa, K. Yokoya KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Takahashi Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	ILC (International Linear Collider) is e⁺ e⁻ linear collider in the next high energy program promoted by ICFA. In ILC, an intense positron pulse in a multi-bunch format is generated with gamma ray from Undulator radiation. As a technical backup, the electron driven positron source has been studied. By employing a standing wave L-band accelerator for the capture linac, an enough amount of positron can be captured due to the large aperture, even with a limited accelerator gradient. However, the heavy beam loading up to 2 A perturbs the field gradient and profile along the longitudinal position. We present the capture performance of the ILC positron source including the heavy beam loading effect.
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TUPRC010	Multispecies Simulation of the FRIB Frontend Near the ECR Sources with the Warp Code	434
	K. Fukushima, S.M. Lund FRIB, East Lansing, USA C.Y. Wong NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511. The linear accelerator in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will use Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources. ECR sources can generate a high-brightness DC beam with high charge states. However, the ECR sources produce numerous species that must be collimated to one or two target species with minimal degradation to beam quality. The first stage of this collimation is accomplished in a tight 90 degree dipole bend with a wide aperture and slanted pole faces to provide additional focusing. We report on simulations for the high-rigidity U ion operation using linked 2D xy-slice runs in the straight section upstream of the bend and steady-state 3D simulations in the dipole bend comparing simulations with both ideal (sector) and full 3D field maps of the dipole magnet. Issues associated with placing a 3D dipole field with fringe on a bent simulation coordinate system are addressed. Placement of the dipole bend is optimized consistent with the 3D field and is found to closely correspond to the ideal field center. Minimal problems are found (small centroid shift and distribution distortions) due to 3D space-charge effects in the species separation within the bend when using simple fractional neutralization factors.
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TUPRC011	Ongoing Studies of the SuSI ECR Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport Line at the MSU NSCL	438
	A.N. Pham, J. Fogleman, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, D.E. Neben, S. Renteria, J.W. Stetson, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Research supported by Michigan State University and National Science Foundation Award PHY-1415462. Heavy ion accelerator laboratories for nuclear science and rare isotope research require a wide array of high intensity heavy ion beams. Due to their versatility and robustness, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources are the choice injectors for the majority of these facilities worldwide. Steady improvements in the performance of ECR ion sources have been successful in providing intense primary beams for facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). However, next generation heavy ion beam laboratories, such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beam (FRIB), require intensities that approaching the limits of current possibility with state of the art ion source technology. In this proceedings, we present the ongoing low energy beam transport characterization efforts of a superconducting ECR ion source injector system at the MSU NSCL.
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TUPRC014	Self-Consistent PIC Modeling of Near Source Transport of FRIB	441
SPWR003	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	C.Y. Wong NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Fukushima, S.M. Lund FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511. Self-consistent simulation studies of the FRIB low energy beam transport (LEBT) system are conducted with the PIC code Warp. Transport of the many-species DC ion beam emerging from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source is examined in a realistic lattice through the Charge Selection System (CSS) which employs two 90-degree bends, two quadrupole triplets, and slits to collimate non-target species. Simulation tools developed will support commissioning activities on the FRIB front end which begins early operations in 2017. Efficient transverse (xy) slice simulation models using 3D lattice fields are employed within a scripted framework that is readily adaptable to analyze many ion cases and levels of model detail. Effects from large canonical angular momentum (magnetized beam emerging from ECR), thermal spread, nonlinear focusing, and electron neutralization are examined for impact on collimated beam quality.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC014
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TH2A03	Complete Transverse 4D Beam Characterization for Ions Beams at Energies of Few MeV/u	720
	M.T. Maier, X. Du, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, S. Mickat, H. Vormann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Measurement of the ion beam rms-emittances is done through determination of the second order beam moments. For time being the moments quantifying the amount of inter-plane coupling, as <xy'> for instance, have been accessible to measurements just for very special cases of ions at energies below 200 keV/u using pepperpots. This talk presents successful measurements of all inter-plane coupling moments at 1 to 11 MeV/u. From first principles the used methods are applicable at all ion energies. The first campaign applied skewed quadrupoles in combination with a regular slit/grid emittance measurement device. The second campaign used a rotatable slit/grid device in combination with regular quadrupoles.
	Slides TH2A03 [17.343 MB]
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FR1A01	Fast Envelope Tracking for Space Charge Dominated Injectors	1017
	R.A. Baartman TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	High brightness injectors are increasingly pushing against space charge effects. Usually, particle tracking codes such as ASTRA, GPT, or PARMELA are used to model these systems however these can be slow to use for detailed optimization. It becomes increasingly challenging in future projects such as LCLS-II where space charge effects are still significant after BC1 and BC2 at 250 and 1600 MeV respectively. This talk will describe an envelope tracking approach that compares well against the particle tracking codes and could facilitate much faster optimization.
	Slides FR1A01 [0.786 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A01
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Paper

Title

Page

Beam Orbit Analysis and Correction of the FRIB Superconducting Linac

71

Y. Zhang, Z.Q. He
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Beam based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for precise beam orbit correction of a high power linac, and supplement to the model based or orbit response matrix (ORM) based correction methods. BBA will be applied to beam orbit analysis and correction of the FRIB linac arcs where a beam orbit offset within 0.1 mm is required to the second order achromatic beam tuning. In this paper, we first introduce the study of model based beam orbit correction of the arc, and then a more precise orbit correction with BBA. Realistic misalignment of beam elements and beam position monitors (BPMs) are included in the simulation studies.

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MOPRC005

Beam Tuning of Achromatic Bending Areas of the FRIB Superconducting Linac

74

Y. Zhang, C.P. Chu
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
To achieve the design beam power for heaviest ion species, acceleration and transport of multi charge state beams simultaneously in the FRIB superconducting linac becomes necessary, which poses a technical challenge especially to the FRIB folded lattice design. Achromatic and isochronous beam optics up to the second order must be established precisely in the linac bending areas, and as none-perfection beam elements and system errors exist in the real machine, beam tuning and beam optics corrections of the bending area are important to high power operation. In this paper, we introduce the beam tuning algorithms of the FRIB linac achromatic arcs and also discuss the simulation studies.

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MOPRC006

Beam Tuning and Error Analysis of a Superconducting Linac

77

Y. Zhang
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Beam tuning and error analysis of a superconducting linac for heavy ion beams are introduced in this paper. In simulation studies with accelerator codes, system errors to the beam tuning are analyzed numerically, which include random cavity and magnet errors and measurement errors of absolute beam phase, beam bunch length, and beam transverse profiles. Simple statistical equations are developed from the tedious and time-consuming numerical simulations, and they may provide advantage tools not only to analyze a linac beam tuning, such as phase and amplitude tuning of superconducting cavity, longitudinal and transverse beam matching, but also will be very helpful to linac design with practical beam diagnostics system and authentic accelerator lattice.

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MOPRC007

Status of and Plans for the Beam Dynamics Program DYNAC

80

E. Tanke, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S. Valero
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

A short introduction to the linac beam dynamics code DYNAC will be given. Recently implemented features, such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI), will be presented and benchmarking of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) model will be discussed. Additional planned features to DYNAC and the GUI will be touched upon.

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MOPRC008

Dispersion Free and Dispersion Target Steering Experience at CTF3

83

D. Gamba, R. Corsini, T. Persson, P.K. Skowroński, F. Tecker
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Burrows
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Burrows
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

One of the goals of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN is to demonstrate the feasibility of the CLIC Drive Beam recombination, which takes place in the Drive Beam Recombination Complex (DBRC). The tight geometry of the DBRC together with its strong optics and the high energy-spread of the beam require a careful control of the beam size along the different sections of the DBRC. One of the main contribution to beam size is the dispersion. If uncontrolled, dispersion leads to fast increase of the beam size, hence it may affect the beam current stability of the combined beam. A tool has been implemented at CTF3 to measure and correct dispersion during and after the setup of the machine. Dispersion Free Steering (DFS) has been applied in the upstream drive beam LINAC, while Dispersion Target Steering (DTS) has been used in the rings of the DBRC. In the LINAC the weak optics and the wide dynamic aperture of the beamline allow a straightforward correction. In the DBRC the aperture is tighter, and the strong optics produce non-linear dispersion which one needs to take into account. A general overview of current status and future plans in controlling dispersion at CTF3 will be presented.

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MOPRC009

Simulating Apertures in the Uniform Equivalent Beam Model

87

G.H. Gillespie
G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California, USA

The uniform equivalent beam model is useful for simulating particle beam envelopes. Beam root-mean-square (rms) sizes, divergences, and emittances of an equivalent uniform beam approximate well the rms properties of more realistic beam distributions, even in the presence of space charge. Envelope simulation codes for high current beams using the model, such as TRACE 3-D, are central to particle optics design. However, the modeling of apertures has required multi-particle simulation codes. Multi-particle codes do not typically have the fitting and optimization capabilities common to envelope codes, so the evaluation of aperture effects is often a secondary study that may result in further design iteration. To incorporate aperture effects into the optics design at the start, a method has been developed for simulating apertures in the context of a uniform equivalent beam. The method is described and its TRACE 3-D implementation is outlined. Comparisons with multi-particle simulations are used to validate the method and examine regions of applicability.

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MOPRC011

FRIB Lattice-Model Service for Commissioning and Operation

90

D.G. Maxwell, Z.Q. He, G. Shen
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DESC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
Accelerator beam simulation is crucial for the successful commissioning and operation of the FRIB linear accelerator. A primary requirement of the FRIB linear accelerator is to support a broad range of particle species and change states. Beam simulations must be performed for these various accelerator configurations and it is important the results be managed to ensure consistency and reproducibility. The FRIB Lattice-Model Service has been developed to manage simulation data using a convenient web-based interface, as well as, a RESTful API to allow integration with other services. This service provides a central location to store and organize simulation data. Additional features include search, comparison and visualization. The system architecture, data model and key features are discussed.

Poster MOPRC011 [1.295 MB]

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MOPRC013

Tracking Based Courant-Snyder Parameter Matching in a Linac with a Strong Space-Charge Force

93

R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

During the design of a hadron linac, matching at the interfaces of different structures or lattice periods is often performed with the linear approximation of the space-charge force. When space-charge is extremely strong, like in the low energy part of the proton linac of the European Spallation Source, such a matching method is not always good enough and could lead to a residual mismatch at the design level. To avoid this, a matching scheme based on iterations of tracking, thus including the full effect of the space-charge force, is developed. This paper presents the scheme itself as well as its application to the ESS linac.

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MOPRC014

Beam Dynamics Simulations of a High Charge S-Band Photoinjector for Electron Beam Imaging Experiments

97

SPWR004

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

Y.R. Wang
AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Cao, Z.M. Zhang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
W. Gai
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

A major challenge for high energy density physics is to measure properties of matter under extreme states of temperature and pressure that only occur in a time scale of 10 ns to 1 μs. Here we propose to use a single shot electron beam from an S-band photoinjector with enough energy to penetrate the material as a diagnostic capable of time resolution (< ns). In this paper, we report on the primary beam dynamics simulation of a S-band photocathode electron gun and accelerator that capable of producing up to 10 nC charge with high enough energy. Optimizations of the system parameters, including gun, focusing solenoid and acceleration field are performed using particle tracking code. The beam-line is designed to be installed in the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) electron accelerator centre for high precision electron imaging experimental studies.

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MOPRC016

RF-Track: Beam Tracking in Field Maps Including Space-Charge Effects, Features and Benchmarks

104

A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

RF-Track is a novel tracking code developed at CERN for the optimization of low-energy ion linacs in presence of space-charge effects. RF-Track features great flexibility and rapid simulation speed. It can transport beams of particles with arbitrary mass and charge even mixed together, solving fully relativistic equations of motion. It implements direct space-charge effects in a physically consistent manner, using parallel algorithms. It can simulate bunched beams as well as continuous ones, and transport through conventional elements as well as through maps of oscillating radio-frequency fields. RF-Track is written in optimized and parallel C++, and it uses the scripting languages Octave and Python as user interfaces. RF-Track has been tested successfully in several cases. The main features of the code and the results of its benchmark studies are presented in this paper.

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MOPRC017

CIADS HEBT Lattice Design

108

SPWR029

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

Y.S. Qin
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: I want to apply for financial support.
CIADS (China Initiative Accelerator Driven System) 600MeV HEBT (High-Energy Beam Transport) will deliver 6 MW beam to the target, with CW (continuous wave) 10 mA beam. The most serious challenges are vacuum differential section and beam uniformization on the target. A novel collimation plus vacuum differential section is proposed in the lattice design. A scanning method is designed for the round beam uniformization on the target.

Poster MOPRC017 [1.273 MB]

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MOPRC018

Improved Beam Dynamics and Cavity RF Design for the FAIR Proton Injector

111

MOOP06

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

R. Tiede, A. Almomani, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The FAIR facility at GSI requires a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for the research program with intense antiproton beams. The main accelerator part consists of six 'Crossbar H-type' (CH) cavities operated at 325 MHz. Based on a linac layout carefully developed over several years, recently the beam dynamics has been revised with the scope of finalising the design and thus being able to start the construction of the main linac components. As compared to previous designs the MEBT behind the RFQ was slightly extended, the gap numbers per CH cavity and the voltage distributions were optimised and the layout of the intermediate diagnostics section including a rebuncher cavity at 33 MeV was redesigned. Finally, detailed machine error studies were performed in order to check the error response of the new design and the steering concept in particular. In the consequence, the final parameters obtained from the beam dynamics update are used for finalizing the CH-DTL cavity design by CST-MWS calculations.

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MOPRC019

Beam Dynamic of Transport Line 1+ with New HRMS for the SPES Project

114

E. Khabibullina
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
E. Khabibullina
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.D. Russo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is integrated Italian facility in LNL (Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy) for production of high-intensity and highly charged beams of neutron-rich nuclei for Advanced Studies. The facility is based on 35-70MeV proton cyclotron, an ISOL fission target station and the existing ALPI superconducting accelerator as the post accelerator. In this paper the results of beam dynamic simulation of 132Sn ion beam transport line from Beam Cooler to the Charge Breeder, including HRMS (High Resolution Mass Separator) with mass resolution 1/20000 and electrostatic dipoles are presented.

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MOPRC020

Primary Beam Dynamic Simulation of Double Drift Double Buncher System for SPES Project

117

A.V. Ziiatdinova
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A.V. Ziiatdinova
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is a facility intended for production of neutron-rich Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) at the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL, Legnaro, Italy). Exotic nuclei production based on the ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) technology using UCx target. Neutron-rich nuclei will be generated by uranium fission under the influence of proton beam from cyclotron. After that, RIBs will be reaccelerated by the ALPI (Acceleratore Lineare Per Ioni). RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) will be used as a front-end part of the ALPI. Double drift double buncher system is planned to install before RFQ for increasing transmission. This article is dedicated to beam dynamic simulation and laying-out of transport line at section before ALPI.

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MOPRC023

Semi-3D Beam-Tracking Code for Electron Injectors Using Bulk-to-Point Calculation Technique for Space Charge Fields

120

A. Mizuno, H. Hanaki
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

A new semi-three-dimensional beam-tracking simulation code for electron injectors using bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields is developed. The calculated space charge fields are not produced by a point charge but a doughnut which has the volume and whose cross-section is ellipsoid. Since the calculation noise which is usually caused by distributions of positions of point charge can be minimized, high accuracy calculation on emittance is realized with small number of electrons. Simultaneously, the calculation time becomes markedly shortened. In this paper, calculation examples for asymmetrical beams are demonstrated by the new code. The accuracy of emittance is also discussed.

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MOP106023

Intra Bunch Train Transverse Dynamics in the Superconducting Accelerators FLASH and European XFEL

333

SPWR039

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

T. Hellert, W. Decking, M. Dohlus
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At FLASH and the European XFEL accelerator superconducting 9-cell TESLA cavities accelerate long bunch trains at high gradients in pulsed operation. Several RF cavities with individual operating limits are supplied by one RF power source. Within the bunch train, the low-level-RF system is able to restrict the variation of the vector sum voltage and phase of one control line below 3·10^-4 and 0.06 degree, respectively. However, individual cavities may have a significant spread of amplitudes and phases. Misaligned cavities in combination with variable RF parameters will cause significant intra-pulse orbit distortions, leading to an increase of the multi-bunch emittance. An efficient model including coupler kicks was developed to describe the effect at low beam energies. Comparison with start-to-end tracking and experimental data will be shown.

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TUPRC002

ESS DTL Beam Dynamics Comparison Between S-Code and T-Code

411

M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bellan
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy

The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. In this paper the DTL beam dynamics comparison between the s-code TraceWin and the t-code Parmela is presented. Full field map of the permanent magnet quadrupoles (with COMSOL) and RF fields of each of the 5 tanks (with MDTFish) were used for the two programs.

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TUPRC003

Effect of Number of Macro Particles on Time Evolution of Phase Space Distribution

414

T. Miyajima
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600147.
In particle tracking simulation with space charge effect, the macro-particle model, which has same mass-to-charge ratio, is widely used, since it does not require any symmetry of beam shape. However, selection of proper number of macro-particles is important, because the accuracy depends on it. Emittance, which is calculated by phase-space distribution, is especially affected by the number of macro-particles. In order to study the relation between the number of macro-particles and the resolution in the phase space, we defined a transformation, which describes reduction process of macro-particle number, and analyzed static phase space distribution. As a next step, we studied the effect of the macro-particle number on the dynamics of the phase space distribution for 1D charged particle distribution in the rest frame. The numerical result shows that the number of macro-particles affected the phase space distribution around the head and the tail of the bunch.
* T. Miyajima, "Effect of number of macro particles in phase space distribution", in Proc. of IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA, pp.242-244 (2015).

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TUPRC004

Frequency Spectra From Solenoid Lattice Orbits

417

SPWR044

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C.J. Richard
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Multi-charge state heavy ion beams have been proposed to increase average beam intensity in rare isotope drive linacs. However, the dynamics of multi-charge state beams make it challenging to optimize the beam quality in low energy linacs. One of the primary complications is that the multiple charge states introduce different focusing effects in the beam dynamics. This leads to a large frequency spectrum in the transverse motion of the beam centroid. Matlab simulations are used to describe how the frequency spectrum of the centroid transforms when the reference charge state is changed in accelerating, space charge free solenoid lattices. These frequency shifts can then be used to predict the behavior of beam of known composition using the frequency spectrum of BPM signals.

Poster TUPRC004 [1.192 MB]

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TUPRC005

Source and LEBT Beam Preparation for IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ

420

L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P.-Y. Beauvais, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
L. Bellan
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
P. Cara
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
H. Dzitko
F4E, Germany
R. Gobin, F. Senée
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
R. Ichimiya, A. Kasugai, M. Sugimoto
JAEA, Aomori, Japan
A. Marqueta, F. Scantamburlo
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan

The commissioning phase of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ requires a complete beam characterization with simula-tions and measurements of the beam input from the IFMIF-EVEDA ion source and LEBT, in order to reach the RFQ input beam parameters. In this article, the simula-tions results of the complex source-LEBT with the corre-sponding set of measurements and their impact on the commissioning plan will be reported.

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TUPRC006

Phase-Space Transformation for a Uniform Target Irradiation at DONES

424

C. Oliver, A. Ibarra
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
P. Cara
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
A. Gallego
Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Funding: "This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053."
In the framework of the EU Roadmap, a DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES) [*] has been proposed to provide a high neutron intense neutron source with a suitable neutron spectrum to understand the degradation of advanced materials under DEMO and future fusion plants irradiation conditions. DONES will be based on the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility IFMIF [**], being only one accelerator considered. The HEBT will be devoted to the transport, bending and shaping of the 40 MeV, 125 mA CW deuteron beam to the free surface of the rapidly flowing lithium target. To produce a forward peaked source of fusion-like neutrons, which stream through the target into the test cell, a rectangular uniform distribution across the flat top of the beam profile is required, being the footprint tailored in both the vertical and horizontal directions according to the target design. Different methods for beam uniformization in IFMIF accelerator has been proposed in the past [***]. Two main concerns in DONES will be the minimization of particle losses over the whole HEBT and the effect of the different shaping techniques on such strong space charge regime, specially on the beam halo modulation. A review of the different methods for the beam shaping of the high power, high space charge DONES HEBT beam will be depicted. A final solution will be proposed.
[*] DONES Conceptual Design Report, April 2014
[**] IFMIF Comprehensive Design Report, CDR, IFMIF International Team, January 2004
[***] IFMIF Intermediate Engineering Design Report

Poster TUPRC006 [2.546 MB]

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TUPRC008

Electron Driven ILC Positron Source with a Low Gradient Capture Linac

430

M. Kuriki
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
T. Kakita
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
S. Kashiwagi
Tohoku University, School of Science, Sendai, Japan
K. Negishi
Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
T. Okugi, T. Omori, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, J. Urakawa, K. Yokoya
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Takahashi
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

ILC (International Linear Collider) is e⁺ e⁻ linear collider in the next high energy program promoted by ICFA. In ILC, an intense positron pulse in a multi-bunch format is generated with gamma ray from Undulator radiation. As a technical backup, the electron driven positron source has been studied. By employing a standing wave L-band accelerator for the capture linac, an enough amount of positron can be captured due to the large aperture, even with a limited accelerator gradient. However, the heavy beam loading up to 2 A perturbs the field gradient and profile along the longitudinal position. We present the capture performance of the ILC positron source including the heavy beam loading effect.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC008

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TUPRC010

Multispecies Simulation of the FRIB Frontend Near the ECR Sources with the Warp Code

434

K. Fukushima, S.M. Lund
FRIB, East Lansing, USA
C.Y. Wong
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511.
The linear accelerator in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will use Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources. ECR sources can generate a high-brightness DC beam with high charge states. However, the ECR sources produce numerous species that must be collimated to one or two target species with minimal degradation to beam quality. The first stage of this collimation is accomplished in a tight 90 degree dipole bend with a wide aperture and slanted pole faces to provide additional focusing. We report on simulations for the high-rigidity U ion operation using linked 2D xy-slice runs in the straight section upstream of the bend and steady-state 3D simulations in the dipole bend comparing simulations with both ideal (sector) and full 3D field maps of the dipole magnet. Issues associated with placing a 3D dipole field with fringe on a bent simulation coordinate system are addressed. Placement of the dipole bend is optimized consistent with the 3D field and is found to closely correspond to the ideal field center. Minimal problems are found (small centroid shift and distribution distortions) due to 3D space-charge effects in the species separation within the bend when using simple fractional neutralization factors.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC010

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TUPRC011

Ongoing Studies of the SuSI ECR Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport Line at the MSU NSCL

438

A.N. Pham, J. Fogleman, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, D.E. Neben, S. Renteria, J.W. Stetson, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Research supported by Michigan State University and National Science Foundation Award PHY-1415462.
Heavy ion accelerator laboratories for nuclear science and rare isotope research require a wide array of high intensity heavy ion beams. Due to their versatility and robustness, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources are the choice injectors for the majority of these facilities worldwide. Steady improvements in the performance of ECR ion sources have been successful in providing intense primary beams for facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). However, next generation heavy ion beam laboratories, such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beam (FRIB), require intensities that approaching the limits of current possibility with state of the art ion source technology. In this proceedings, we present the ongoing low energy beam transport characterization efforts of a superconducting ECR ion source injector system at the MSU NSCL.

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TUPRC014

Self-Consistent PIC Modeling of Near Source Transport of FRIB

441

SPWR003

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C.Y. Wong
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Fukushima, S.M. Lund
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511.
Self-consistent simulation studies of the FRIB low energy beam transport (LEBT) system are conducted with the PIC code Warp. Transport of the many-species DC ion beam emerging from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source is examined in a realistic lattice through the Charge Selection System (CSS) which employs two 90-degree bends, two quadrupole triplets, and slits to collimate non-target species. Simulation tools developed will support commissioning activities on the FRIB front end which begins early operations in 2017. Efficient transverse (xy) slice simulation models using 3D lattice fields are employed within a scripted framework that is readily adaptable to analyze many ion cases and levels of model detail. Effects from large canonical angular momentum (magnetized beam emerging from ECR), thermal spread, nonlinear focusing, and electron neutralization are examined for impact on collimated beam quality.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC014

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TH2A03

Complete Transverse 4D Beam Characterization for Ions Beams at Energies of Few MeV/u

720

M.T. Maier, X. Du, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, S. Mickat, H. Vormann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Measurement of the ion beam rms-emittances is done through determination of the second order beam moments. For time being the moments quantifying the amount of inter-plane coupling, as <xy'> for instance, have been accessible to measurements just for very special cases of ions at energies below 200 keV/u using pepperpots. This talk presents successful measurements of all inter-plane coupling moments at 1 to 11 MeV/u. From first principles the used methods are applicable at all ion energies. The first campaign applied skewed quadrupoles in combination with a regular slit/grid emittance measurement device. The second campaign used a rotatable slit/grid device in combination with regular quadrupoles.

Slides TH2A03 [17.343 MB]

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FR1A01

Fast Envelope Tracking for Space Charge Dominated Injectors

1017

R.A. Baartman
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

High brightness injectors are increasingly pushing against space charge effects. Usually, particle tracking codes such as ASTRA, GPT, or PARMELA are used to model these systems however these can be slow to use for detailed optimization. It becomes increasingly challenging in future projects such as LCLS-II where space charge effects are still significant after BC1 and BC2 at 250 and 1600 MeV respectively. This talk will describe an envelope tracking approach that compares well against the particle tracking codes and could facilitate much faster optimization.

Slides FR1A01 [0.786 MB]

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