Keyword: controls
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MOPP029 Overview of the New High Level Software Applications Developed for the HIE-ISOLDE Superconducting Linac linac, cavity, software, pick-up 117
 
  • D. Lanaia, M.A. Fraser, D. Voulot
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The High Intensity and Energy (HIE) ISOLDE project consists of an upgrade of the ISOLDE facility. With the installation of 32 independently-phased, superconducting quarter-wave cavities the energy of post-accelerated radioactive beams will be increased from 3 MeV/u to over 10 MeV/u. The large number of cavities will increase the number of parameters to optimise. In order to ensure a fast set-up of the machine during operation and commissioning, new software applications have been developed and an upgrade of the existing software was carried out. Four high level applications have been specifically developed for the SC linac. The first allows the conversion of optics settings into machine settings, and vice versa. The second will aid the phasing of the cavities using beam energy measurements. A third application will provide absolute measurements of the beam energy by means of a time-of-flight system. The last application will automatically generate the phase and voltage settings for the cavities SC linac. In this contribution we will present the new applications and outline how these will be used in the operation of the new SC linac.  
poster icon Poster MOPP029 [1.568 MB]  
 
MOPP032 Experimental Verification Towards Feed-Forward Ground Motion Mitigation at ATF2 ground-motion, simulation, quadrupole, feedback 124
 
  • J. Pfingstner, K. Artoos, C. Charrondière, S.M. Janssens, M. Patecki, Y. Renier, D. Schulte, R. Tomás
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A. Jeremie
    IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
  • K. Kubo, S. Kuroda, T. Naito, T. Okugi, T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Without counter measures, ground motion effects would deteriorate the performance of future linear colliders to an unacceptable level. An envisioned new ground motion mitigation method (based on feed-forward control) has the potential to improve the performance and to reduce the system cost compared to other proposed methods. For the experimental verification of this feed-forward scheme, a dedicated measurement setup has been installed at ATF2 at KEK. In this paper, the progress on this experimental verification is described. An important part of the feed-forward scheme could be already demonstrated, namely the prediction of the orbit jitter due to ground motion measurements.  
 
MOPP040 Application Investigation of High Precision Measurement for Basic Cavity Parameters at ESS cavity, operation, beam-loading, injection 149
 
  • R. Zeng
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • P. Jonsson
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • W. Schappert
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The ESS cavity control and operation methods/algorithms are challenging due to the use of long pulse, higher beam intensity, high beam power, high gradient, uncertainties in spoke cavities and high demands for energy efficiency and availability. Suitable and effective solutions could make use of modern technologies (flexible FPGA, faster CPU, bigger memory, faster communication speed), novel measuring techniques, accurate system modeling, and advanced control concept. Those possible implementations are essential to a better understanding, and thus a better operation of ESS cavity especially SRF cavities. All these concepts rely on high precision measurement of basic cavity parameters and consequent high quality data with high resolution, high precision and completeness. This paper focuses on how high precision measurement will address the challenges at ESS on the following topics: long pulse lorentz force detuning, high precision phase and amplitude setting, heavy beam loading compensation and power overhead reduction.  
 
MOPP054 Continuous-Wave Horizontal Tests of Dressed 1.3 GHz SRF Cavities for LCLS-II cavity, HOM, SRF, linac 177
 
  • A. Hocker, A.C. Crawford, M. Geynisman, J.P. Holzbauer, A. Lunin, D.A. Sergatskov, N. Solyak, A.I. Sukhanov
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: United States Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
Fermilab’s Horizontal Test Stand has recently been upgraded to provide CW RF testing capabilities in support of the LCLS-II project at SLAC. Several cavities have been tested in this new configuration in order to validate component designs and processes for meeting the requirements of LCLS-II. Areas of study included gradient and Q0 performance and their dependence on extrinsic factors, thermal performance of the input coupler and HOM feedthroughs, and microphonics and RF control. A description of the testing and the results obtained are presented. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPP054 [0.276 MB]  
 
MOPP072 Present Status of J-PARC LINAC LLRF Systems linac, operation, timing, feedback 224
 
  • Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, T. Kobayashi, S. Michizono
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • E. Chishiro, F. Sato, S. Shinozaki
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  
  The RF control systems have been developed for the J-PARC proton linac, which consists of 324-MHz and 972-MHz acceleration sections. From October 2006, we started the commissioning of the 324-MHz sections. Then the J-PARC 324-MHz 181-MeV proton linac had been operated nearly for 7 years, until May 2013. In the summer of 2013, we upgraded the J-PARC linac by adding 972-MHz acceleration sections. The output energy of the J-PARC linac was successfully upgraded to 400 MeV in December 2013, and then the operation of the J-PARC 400-MeV linac started. In the past 8 years of the J-PARC linac operation, no heavy troubles occurred in the RF control systems. Every year we made improvements on the RF control systems, according to the operation experiences. In this paper, the present status of the J-PARC 400-MeV linac RF control systems will be described in details, and an improvement plan for the LLRF systems in the future will also be introduced.  
 
MOPP074 Digital Filters Used for Digital Feedback System at cERL LLRF, cavity, feedback, operation 227
 
  • F. Qiu, D.A. Arakawa, H. Katagiri, H. Matsumoto, S. Michizono, T. Miura
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  As a test facility for the future KEK 3-GeV energy recovery linac (ERL) project, the compact ERL (cERL) features three two-cell cavities for the injector and two nine-cell cavities for the main linac. Digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) systems have been developed to realize highly accurate RF control. In order to reduce the influence of clock jitter and to suppress the parasitic modes in the multi-cell cavities, we have developed several types of digital filters, including a first-order IIR filter, a fourth-order conjugate poles IIR filter and a notch filter. Furthermore, to design a more effective and robust controller (such as an H-infinite controller, or repetitive controller), we need to acquire more detailed system knowledge. This knowledge can be gained by using modern system identification methods. In this paper, we present the latest applications in the LLRF systems of the cERL. identification methods. In this paper, we have compared the performance of these different type filters in cERL. The preliminary result of the system identification will be also described.  
 
MOPP081 The ECT System for RAON's Cavities SRF, cavity, experiment, niobium 242
 
  • M.J. Joung, Y. Jung, H.J. Kim
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  
  The ECT system is in use for Nb surface control in many laboratories. This system can inspect Nb surface quickly using high resolution. The ECT system for RAON's cavity was made with the feature : It has 3-axis acting probe movement system, It can inspect big size of Nb sheet, which is 1m by 1m and It contain the analysis program that can show the result as 2D and 3D image as well as relative figure of surface level. The standard sample was made with various sizes of defects using the same Nb sheet that was used to make RISP cavity. The ECT system conditioining was carried out to optimize ECT operation on the frequency, the range is from 300kHz to 2MHz. The result of 900 kHz shows the strongest signal. The conditioning experiment on other parameter will be carried out in near future. .  
 
MOPP087 Construction of the Modules of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ rfq, status, simulation, survey 257
 
  • A. Pepato, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, C. R. Roncolato
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • R. Dima, L. Ferrari, E. Udup
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • A. Margotti
    INFN-Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • P. Mereu
    INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
  
  The IFMIF project aims to produce an intense neutron flux to test and qualify materials suitable for the construction of fusion power plants. We are working on the engineering validation phase of the project, which consists on the construction of a linear accelerator prototype to be installed and commissioned in Rokkasho. The RFQ is composed of 18 modules flanged together for a total length of 9.8m designed to accelerate the 125mA D+ beam to 5MeV at a frequency of 175MHz. The mechanical specifications are very challenging, tight tolerances are required on the machining and on the brazing process. The line is subdivided into 3 Super Modules of 6 modules each. The production of the High Energy portion has been completed and delivered, while the Low Energy one is performing the acceptance test. They were commissioned to external firms. The production of the Intermediate Energy portion has been done in house (INFN) and will be commissioned soon. The 1st modules (16, 17 and 2) were produced adopting 2 brazing steps, while for all the remaining ones we adopted a single brazing step. In this paper the production status and the development of the brazing procedure will be described.  
 
MOPP101 Design of the 4MeV RFQ for the Helium Beam Irradiatior rfq, ion, ion-source, cavity 294
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A RFQ is considered as a main accelerator of the helium beam irradiation system for the power semiconductor in Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). The RFQ was designed to accelerate the He2+ beam up 4MeV with 10mA peak beam current. We chose a vane type RFQ with 200MHz operating frequency. The RFQ will be operated with the frequency tracking mode supplied by the digital low level rf control system. In this paper, the design of the 4MeV RFQ is presented and the beam irradiation system including rf system, control system, utility system, is discussed. 		 
 
MOPP107 Results from the Installation of a New 201 MHz RF System at LANSCE DTL, cavity, electronics, linac 303
 
  • J.T.M. Lyles, C.L. Arnold, W.C. Barkley, J. Davis, A.C. Naranjo, M.S. Prokop, D. Rees, G. M. Sandoval, Jr.
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • D. Baca, R.E. Bratton, R.D. Summers
    Compa Industries, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
The LANSCE RM project is restoring the linac to it’s original high power capability after the power grid tube manufacturer could no longer provide triodes that could consistently meet our power requirements. High duty factor Diacrodes® now supply RF power to the largest DTL tank. These tetrodes reuse the existing infrastructure including water-cooling systems, coaxial transmission lines, high voltage power supplies and capacitor banks. The power amplifier system uses a combined pair of LANL-designed cavity amplifiers using the TH628L Diacrode® to produce as much as 3.5 MW peak and 420 kW of mean power. A digital low level RF control system was developed to complement these new linear amplifiers. Design and testing was completed in 2012, with commercialization following in 2013. The first installation is commissioned. The two remaining high power RF systems for tanks 3 and 4 will be replaced in subsequent years using a hybrid old/new RF system until the changeover is complete. Features and operating results of the replacement system are summarized, along with observations from the rapid-paced installation project. 		 
 
MOPP122 Construction of the New Amplifiers for the RIKEN-LINAC impedance, ion, heavy-ion, cathode 339
 
  • K. Suda, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, N. Sakamoto, K. Yamada
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • Y. Touchi
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
  
  New tetrode based amplifiers have been constructed for the RIKEN heavy-ion linac, so called RILAC[1], replacing 36-year-old amplifiers to improve their reliability as a main injector for the RIBF accelerator complex. The RILAC is a DC machine and their frequency are tunable between 18 to 40 MHz so as to be capable of accelerating heavy ions with mass-to-charge (m/q) ratios up to 28. The new rf amplifier is based on a tetrode THALES/SIEMENS RS2042SK coupled with a tetrode THALES/SIEMENS RS2012CJ with a grounded grid circuit. The maximum output power is 100 kW with a frequency ranging from 18 to 40 MHz. The amplifier was originally designed for RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. Since we have many experiences with this type of amplifier, some modification to avoid exciting the parasitic modes which might damage the cavity and/or the amplifier itself. Their construction started in April 2013 and installation was performed in January 2014. After the installation their commissioning has been successfully made. For a beam service started in this March the new amplifiers were operated without any troubles. [1]M. Odera et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Methods, 227, 187(1984).  
poster icon Poster MOPP122 [16.391 MB]  
 
MOPP123 Development Activities of Accelerator Instruments for SACLA acceleration, cavity, klystron, laser 342
 
  • Y. Otake, T. Asaka, T. Inagaki, C. Kondo, H. Maesaka, T. Ohshima, T. Sakurai, K. Togawa
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  • H. Ego, S. Matsubara
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
  
  The X-ray free-electron laser, SACLA, is constantly operated for user experiments aimed at new science. Experimental users demand further experimental abilities, such as many experimental chances by using multi-X-ray beam lines, much better repeatability of the experiment conditions and further intense high-energy X-rays. To equip SACLA with these abilities in the future, we have developed a 2pi /3 CG acceleration structure with an acceleration gradient of over 45 MV/m to adapt operation for generating the intense high-energy X-rays. A high-voltage power supply to charge the PFN of a modulator, a klystron and an acceleration structure were developed to adapt operation for 120 pps operation from the present 30 pps, since 120 pps is more suitable for beam distribution to the multi-beam lines. To meet the experimental repeatability realized by stable timing in a pump-probe experiment, an optical-fiber length control system to mitigate timing drift below 1 fs for 10 minutes was developed. Highly precise cavity temperature control system in an injector for below ±2mK was also realized. Performances of our developed instruments were experimentally tested to be sufficient for our demands.  
 
TUIOA05 High-Power Industrial Accelerator ILU-14 for E-Beam and X-Ray Processing electron, cathode, gun, injection 409
 
  • V.V. Bezuglov, A.A. Bryazgin, K.N. Chernov, B.L. Faktorovich, V.A. Gorbunov, E.N. Kokin, M.V. Korobeynikov, A.N. Lukin, I. Makarov, S.A. Maximov, A.D. Panfilov, V.M. Radchenko, E.A. Shtarklev, A.V. Sidorov, V.V. Tarnetsky, M.A. Tiunov, V.O. Tkachenko, A. YU. Vlasov, L.A. Voronin
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Growing interest to product irradiation by E-beams and X-rays calls for dedicated industrial electron accelerators. BINP has developed ILU-14 radio-frequency pulsed linear accelerator capable of providing 100 kW beam at 7.5-10 MeV. The accelerator has fast removable X-ray converter and can operate both in e-beam and X-ray processing modes. The machine utilizes a low frequency (176 MHz) 6-cells SW accelerating structure. BINP developed this machine as a turn-a-key equipment. Technical details and test results will be presented.  
slides icon Slides TUIOA05 [4.672 MB]  
 
TUPP029 Diagnostics and Analysis Techniques for High Power X-Band Accelerating Structures diagnostics, timing, klystron, operation 490
 
  • A. Degiovanni, S. Döbert, W. Farabolini, I. Syratchev, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Giner Navarro
    IFIC, Valencia, Spain
  • J. Tagg
    National Instruments Switzerland, Ennetbaden, Switzerland
  • B.J. Woolley
    Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  The study of high gradient limitations due to RF breakdowns is extremely important for the CLIC project. A series of diagnostic tools and analysis techniques have been developed in order to monitor and characterize the behaviour of CLIC accelerating structures under high power operation in the first CERN X-band klystron-based test stand (Xbox1). The data collected during the last run on a TD26r05 structure are presented in this paper. From the analysis of the RF power and phases, the location of the breakdowns inside the structure could be determined. Other techniques based on the field emitted dark current signals collected by Faraday cups placed at the two extremities of the structure have also been investigated. The results of these analyses are reported and discussed.  
 
TUPP040 Preliminary Functional Analysis of ESS Superconducting Radio-Frequency Linac cryomodule, vacuum, interface, SRF 522
 
  • C. Darve, N. Elias, J. Fydrych, D.P. Piso
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is one of Europe's largest planned research infrastructures. The collaborative project is funded by a collaboration of 17 European countries and is under design and construction in Lund, Sweden. Three families of Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) cavities are being prototyped, counting the spoke resonators with a geometric beta of 0.5, medium-beta elliptical cavities (βg=0.67) and high-beta elliptical cavities (bg=0.86). The 5 MW, 2.86 ms long pulse proton accelerator has a repetition frequency of 14 Hz (4 % duty cycle), and a beam current of 62.5 mA. The cavities and power couplers are assembled into cryomodules, which are operating using RF sources, cryogenic and water coolings. This document describes the process of the ESS SRF cryomodule operation while refereeing to operational modes.  
 
TUPP041 Beam Current Monitor System of the European Spallation Source FPGA, electronics, EPICS, linac 526
 
  • H. Hassanzadegan, M. Donna, A. Jansson, H. Kocevar, A. Nordt
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • U. Legat
    Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • M. Werner
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The Beam Current Monitor system of the ESS will be primarily used for beam current and charge measurements in absolute and differential modes. Moreover, it will provide a fast input to the Beam Interlock System, initiating a trigger to shut the beam off upon high beam loss detection. As the BCM system will be needed at an early stage for Linac commissioning, it needs to work successfully under non-optimal conditions, ex. short pulse and low current beams. It is planned to install in total 20 AC Current Transformers and one Fast Current Transformer along the Linac. The FCT will have a larger bandwidth and it will be used to measure the performance of the fast chopper of the Medium Energy Beam Transport with a rise time of 10 ns. A prototype based on a commercial ACCT and EPICS-integrated MTCA.4 electronics has been set up and successfully tested with an emulated beam. The ACCT signal has been FPGA processed to compensate for the offset and droop as well as filtering and synchronization to an external trigger. This paper gives an overview of the design and test results of the prototype ACCT system with an outlook to future modifications before installation in the ESS Linac.  
poster icon Poster TUPP041 [6.113 MB]  
 
TUPP043 Design of the Phase Reference Distribution System at ESS LLRF, radiation, cavity, linac 529
 
  • R. Zeng, H. Hassanzadegan, M. Jensen, J.M. Jurns, O.A. Persson, A. Sunesson
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • K. Strniša
    Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  
  PRDS (Phase reference distribution system) at ESS will provide phase reference signals for all LLRF systems and BPM systems with low phase noise and low phase drift. Phase stability requirement is currently 0.1° for short term (during pulse), 1° for long term (days to months). There are 155 LLRF systems and 165 BPM systems in total at current ESS accelerator design.  
 
TUPP058 RF System Development for the New 108 MHz Heavy Ion High-Energy Linac at GSI linac, ion, operation, LLRF 556
 
  • B. Schlitt, M. Hoerr, A. Schnase, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The GSI UNILAC is in operation successfully since about 40 years. A replacement of the post stripper section is proposed to provide heavy ion beams for the future FAIR facility. Design studies for a new 108 MHz high-energy (HE) linac optimized to accelerate high brilliance and high current ion beams up to U28+ for synchrotron injection are in progress. Thus, the UNILAC will be converted into a short-pulse accelerator, the RF duty cycle being reduced from around 30 % to <2 %. To feed the future HE linac and to prepare for the FAIR commissioning, a major modernisation of the existing post stripper RF systems is planned from 2015 to 2017. Besides, the development of a new 1.8 MW cavity amplifier prototype was started recently, based on the widely-used THALES tetrode TH558SC promising an availability for at least 25 years. New 120 - 150 kW solid state driver amplifiers will replace the existing tube drivers. A digital LLRF system designed by industry was integrated into an existing amplifier driving a single gap resonator and was tested including ion beam tests. An overview of the RF system design and of the planned upgrades will be reported including some results of the LLRF tests.  
 
TUPP077 High Precision Manufacturing for LINAC's linac, extraction, vacuum, laser 603
 
  • F.M. Mirapeix, J. Añel
    HTS, Mendaro, Spain
  • J. Amores, J. Presa, A. Urzainki
    DMP, Mendaro, Spain
  
  A big effort in R&D focused to the LINAC devices together with the know-how already deployed through emblematic projects places DMP in the state of the art of the extreme precision mechanics. This mechanic culture makes of DMP a natural partner in early stages of design or driver of a comprehensive solution, optimizing industrial risks, quality and due date. Surface roughness below 1 nanometer, figure errors better than 50 nanometers in OFE copper enhances lifetime and performance of many devices for LINAC's. Research in joining techniques and combining several alternative technologies to traditional machining improves figure stability and makes complex cooling systems possible.  
 
TUPP080 Commissioning of the MAX 700 MHz Test Stand cavity, cryomodule, operation, experiment 610
 
  • J.-L. Biarrotte, F. Chatelet, M. El Yakoubi, N. Gandolfo, C. Joly, J. Lesrel, H. Saugnac
    IPN, Orsay, France
  • A. Bosotti, R. Paparella, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • F. Bouly
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • I. Martin-Hoyo
    ADEX, Madrid, Spain
  
  The MYRRHA project aims at the construction of an Accelerator Driven System demonstrator. The criticality will be sustained by an external spallation neutron flux produced thanks to a 600 MeV high intensity proton beam. This beam will be delivered by a superconducting linac which must fulfil very stringent reliability requirements. Under the MAX (MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment) program, which aims at pursuing the R&D activities on the ADS-type accelerator, a 700 MHz Cryomodule was developed. The main goal of this test stand is to dispose of a facility to carry out “real scale” reliability oriented studies on a RF Superconducting cavity of the high-energy linac section. This module holds 5-cells elliptical cavity equipped with its blade cold tuning system and its coaxial power coupler. The experimental work undertaken at IPN Orsay, has allowed to fully qualify the module in machine configuration (high RF power, at 2K), including assessment of the tuning system and measurement of microphonics spectrums. During this study the dynamic behavior of the fast tuning system of the cavity was also measured. We review here the obtained results and lessons learnt by operating this module.  
 
TUPP091 3 BPM Study at PAL ITF electron, pick-up, laser, interface 637
 
  • M. Žnidarčič
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  • C. Kim, S.J. Lee
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
  
  Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) is building the 4th generation X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) machine. To examine the efficiency of various diagnostic devices an injector test facility (ITF) was constructed. The last part of the ITF is dedicated for evaluation of beam position measurement devices. A “3-BPM-study” was done with 3 Libera Single Pass E BPM modules that were connected to the 3 equidistantly positioned stripline sensors. The aim of the test was to measure the performances of the Libera Single Pass E devices with beam conditions similar to the real pal XFEL machine.  
 
TUPP092 Developmental and Operational Aspects of Nb QWR Based Heavy Ion LINAC System at IUAC Delhi linac, operation, niobium, ion 640
 
  • S. Ghosh, R. Ahuja, J. Antony, S. Babu, J. Chacko, G.K. Chaudhari, A. Chaudhary, T.S. Datta, R.N. Dutt, R. Joshi, D. Kanjilal, S. Kar, J. Karmakar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, D.S. Mathuria, K.K. Mistri, A. Pandey, P. Patra, P.N. Potukuchi, A. Rai, J. Sacharias, B.K. Sahu, A. Sarkar, S.S.K. Sonti, S. K. Suman
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
  • A. Roy
    VECC, Kolkata, India
  
  The superconducting linac of IUAC consists of five cryostats containing 27 niobium quarter wave resonators. The prototype and the first 12 resonators were fabricated in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory. The fabrication of the remaining resonators were carried out using in-house facilities available at IUAC. During the initial period of linac operations, problems were faced to generate higher accelerating fields in the resonators inside the linac cryostat and to reproduce the high fields at the time of beam acceleration. With systemetic efforts, all the major problems are solved and the complete linac is now operational. Since last few years, energized ion beams from linac are being delivered routinely for scheduled experiments. Among the major developmental works related to the linac operation, the vibrational damping mechansim by SS-balls, use of piezo actuator as mechanical tuner and the calculation of optimum phase focussing to control the time width of the beam bunches are noteworthy. Other two developments e.g. automatic phase locking of the resonators and auto beam tuning of the complete linac will be tested during the next beam acceleration.  
 
TUPP103 The Beam Envelope Control in SC Linac for the Proton Radiotherapy linac, proton, cavity, simulation 665
 
  • A.V. Samoshin, I.A. Ashanin, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Proton cancer therapy is conventionally based on normal conducting synchrotrons and cyclotrons. The high electrical power consumption and especial devices necessary to energy variation are main problems of such facilities. Superconducting linacs based on short identical independently phased cavities have a seriously progress and it's development allow to propose their using for medical application. High accelerating gradient and small capacity losses nearly 10-4 Vt/m are main advantages in advance of normal conducting facilities, the energy variation can be realized by means of RF field amplitude and phase variation in a number of cavities. Besides linac structures are lack of unwieldy magnetic system, simplicity of input and output of particles and high current densities. The parameters choose and the optimization for SC linac structure with energy up to 240 MeV and envelope control will discuss in this paper. The simulation was done using BEAMDULAC-SCL code*. The study of beam dynamics will direct to realize the energy variation in range 150-240 MeV with beam quality preservation.
* A.V. Samoshin. Proc. of LINAC2012, Tel-Aviv, Israel, TUPB069, p. 630 - 632 		 
 
TUPP111 SwissFEL C-band LLRF Prototype System LLRF, feedback, electron, klystron 683
 
  • A. Hauff, M. Broennimann, I. Brunnenkant, A. Dietrich, Z. Geng, F. Gärtner, M. Jurcevic, R. Kalt, S. Mair, A. Řežaeizadeh, L. Schebacher, T. Schilcher, W. Sturzenegger
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  SwissFEL is driven by more than 30 RF stations at different frequencies (S-, C-, X-band). To control the RF a new, in-house developed digital Low Level RF (LLRF) system measures up to 24 RF signals per station and performs a pulse-to-pulse feedback at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The RF signals are down-converted to a common intermediate frequency. The state-of-the-art digital processing units are integrated into the PSI’s EPICS controls environment. Emphasis has been put on modularity of the system to provide a well-defined path for upgrades. Thus the RF front ends are separated from the digital processing units with their FMC standard interfaces for ADCs and DACs. A first prototype of the LLRF system consisting of the digital back end together with a C-band RF front end was installed in the SwissFEL C-band test facility. In this report the performance of the prototype system has been compared with the LLRF system requirements for SwissFEL. The critical parameters are high intra-pulse phase and amplitude resolutions, good channel-to-channel isolations, very low phase to amplitude modulation and a negligible temperature drift.  
 
TUPP117 Commissioning of Vertical Test Stand Facility for 2 K Testing of Superconducting Cavities at RRCAT cavity, radiation, shielding, cryogenics 695
 
  • S.C. Joshi, A. Chauhan, P. Fatnani, P.D. Gupta, M.K. Kumar, P.K. Kush, P. Mohania, S. Raghvendra, P. Shrivastava, S.K. Suhane
    RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
  
  Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) has developed a 2K vertical Test Stand (VTS) facility for characterization of Superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities, under Indian Institution Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC). The VTS facility comprises of a large size liquid helium (LHe) cryostat, cryogenic system, RF power supply, control and data acquisition system and radiation monitoring system. It will facilitate testing of superconducting cavities of different frequencies ranging from 325 MHz low beta to 650 MHz / 1.3 GHz medium and high beta cavities. The helium vessel has a capacity to store up to 2900 litres of liquid Helium. The cryostat is installed inside a vertical pit. It is equipped with facilities for supply of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium and vacuum system for pumping out helium gas to lower the temperature of liquid helium bath down to 1.8 K. A 200 W, 1.3 GHz RF system has been indigenously developed for testing of the SCRF cavities. The VTS facility has now been commissioned and its performance validation has been successfully carried out by benchmarking it with respect to the facility at the Fermilab.  
 
TUPP130 Optimization of Beam Parameters in APF Channel linac, simulation, emittance, rfq 722
 
  • V.V. Altsybeyev, D.A. Ovsyannikov
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  A new approach based on mathematical optimization methods to obtain a synchronous phase sequence in APF linacs is suggested. The optimization problem of intensity deuteron beam parameters is discussed. As an example, the results of beam dynamics simulations are presented.  
 
TUPP137 High Power Solid-State Amplifiers. New Developments and Technology Comparison operation, vacuum, power-supply, impedance 733
 
  • G.B. Sharkov, A.I. Botyachkova, E.V. Ivanov, N.G. Kalugin, A.A. Krasnov, K.K. Naraianamurtkhi, K.I. Nikolskiy, S.A. Polikhov, I. Řežanov, A.Yu. Smirnov, P. Yazev
    Siemens Research Center, Moscow,, Russia
  • A.I. Botyachkova
    National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: Skolkovo Foundation, contract #44 from 2011.11.14
We present a newly developed compact and cost effective SSPA with megawatt range output power and scalable architecture. System components test results are discussed. A comparison of the state-of-the-art vacuum tube and solid-state technologies of RF power amplifiers for scientific accelerators is given.
Solid-state microwave generator, Siemens 		 
 
WEIOA04 Phase Locked Magnetrons for Accelerators injection, cathode, cavity, electron 751
 
  • A.C. Dexter
    Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  Magnetrons offer lower capital costs and higher efficiencies than klystrons, however are natural oscillators rather than amplifiers. This paper reviews techniques and issues for applying high efficiency L band magnetrons to long pulse, high intensity proton linacs. Reference is made to a proof of principle experiment whereby the phase of an SRF cavity was accurately controlled when energised by a magnetron.  
slides icon Slides WEIOA04 [1.224 MB]  
 
WEIOA06 Low Level RF for SRF Accelerators LLRF, cavity, SRF, operation 760
 
  • J. Branlard
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Low level radio frequency (LLRF) systems are a fundamental component of superconducting RF accelerators. Since the release of the MicroTCA standard (MTCA.4), major developments in MTCA.4-based LLRF systems have taken place. State-of-the-art LLRF designs deliver better than 10-4 relative amplitude and 10 mdeg phase stability for the vector sum control of SRF cavities. These developments in LLRF systems architecture and technology, driven by research institutes and supported by the industry are of highest importance for the European XFEL, but also for other SRF-based projects such as LCLS-II and the ESS, as well as for the next generation accelerators with 10-5 and mdeg regulation requirements.  
slides icon Slides WEIOA06 [5.812 MB]  
 
THIOC03 Operational Experience With CW High Gradient and High QL Cryomodules cavity, cryomodule, EPICS, klystron 834
 
  • C. Hovater, T.L. Allison, R. Bachimanchi, E. Daly, M.A. Drury, G.E. Lahti, C.I. Mounts, R.M. Nelson, T. E. Plawski
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) energy upgrade from 6 GeV to 12 GeV includes the installation of ten new 100 MV cryomodules (80 cavities). The superconducting RF cavities are designed to operate CW at an accelerating gradient of 19.3 MV/m with a QL of 3×107. The RF system employs single cavity control using new digital LLRF controls and 13 kW klystrons. Recently, all of the new cryomodules and associated RF hardware and software have been commissioned and operated in the CEBAF accelerator. Electrons at linac currents up to 10 μA have been successfully accelerated and used for nuclear physics experiments. This paper reports on the commissioning and operation of the cryomodules and RF system. 		 
slides icon Slides THIOC03 [5.793 MB]  
 
THPP003 Cooling of High Pressure Insulating Gas for 3 MeV DC Accelerator: an Alternate Approach electron, high-voltage, resonance, interlocks 839
 
  • S.R. Ghodke, S. Acharya, R. Barnwal, K.P. Dixit, L.M. Gantayet, B.S. Israel, D. Jayaprakash, K. Mahender, K.C. Mittal, S. Nayak, R.N. Rajan, D.K. Sharma, V. Sharma, S.K. Suneet, D.P. Suryaprakash
    BARC, Mumbai, India
  
  3 MeV Accelerator Project working inside the ‘Electron Beam Centre’ (EBC) building at Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. Generally in DC and Pelletron accelerators Nitrogen/SF6 gas is taken out from accelerator tank and it is cooled by separate heat exchanger and blower unit outside the accelerator tank. In our alternate approach we have designed fan/ blower to work under high pressure inside accelerator tank. Fans are designed to work in high pressure SF6 environment at 7 bar absolute pressure with 42 kg/m3 SF6 gas density. Fan throughs air over radiator type finned tube heat exchanger, installed inside accelerator tank. Fan speeds are controlled through variable frequency drive. Two numbers of such assemblies are fabricated, installed and tested in Nitrogen and SF6 gas environment at different pressure and variable fan speed. Performances are recorded and plotted in graphical form. These cooling systems are shown excellent performance in last five years. Paper will discuss about design of cooling system, cooling calculation of fan, fabrication of fan and heat exchanger, 5 TR chiller unit, variable frequency drive, fan performance etc.  
poster icon Poster THPP003 [1.644 MB]  
 
THPP023 Affordable Short Pulse Marx Modulator high-voltage, network, flattop, linear-collider 886
 
  • R.A. Phillips, G. DelPriore, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes
    Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
  • J.A. Casey
    Rockfield Research Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
  
  High energy, short-pulse modulators are being re-examined for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and numerous X-Band accelerator designs. At the very high voltages required for these systems, all of the existing designs are based on pulse transformers, which significantly limit their performance and efficiency. There is not a fully optimized, transformer-less modulator design capable of meeting the demanding requirements of very high voltage pulses at short pulse widths. Under a U.S. Department of Energy grant, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is developing a short pulse, solid-state Marx modulator. The modulator is designed for high efficiency in the 100 kV to 500 kV range, for currents up to 250 A, pulse lengths of 0.2 to 5.0 μs, and risetimes <300 ns. Key objectives of the development effort are modularity and scalability, combined with low cost and ease of manufacture. For short-pulse modulators, this Marx topology provides a means to achieve fast risetimes and flattop control that are not available with hard switch or transformer-coupled topologies. The system is in the final stages of testing prior to installation at Yale University.  
 
THPP034 Toolbox for Applying Beam-Based Alignment to Linacs linac, wakefield, emittance, interface 916
 
  • A. Latina, D. Pellegrini, J. Pfingstner, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • E. Adli
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  
  Tests of Beam-Based Alignment have been performed at FACET, at SLAC in the USA, and at Fermi, at Elettra in Trieste, Italy, with very promising results. Dispersion-Free Steering and Wakefield-free steering have been successfully applied to both machines. In order to make the correction process as automatic as possible, a set of robust tools has been developed, which allowed to span a large set of parameters. These tools and some of the experimental results performed at both machines are presented in this paper.  
 
THPP041 The Accelerator Cryoplant at ESS operation, cryogenics, cryomodule, linac 939
 
  • P. Arnold, J. Fydrych, W. Hees, J.M. Jurns, X. Wang, J.G. Weisend
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron science facility funded by a collaboration of 17 European countries currently under design and construction in Lund, Sweden. Cryogenic cooling is vital particularly for the linear accelerator, producing a 5 MW beam of 2.0 GeV protons to strike a rotating tungsten target. The cryogenic section of the linac comprises cryomodules with superconducting RF cavities that require helium cooling at 2.0 K, shield cooling at ~40 K and liquid helium for power coupler cooling. An extensive cryogenic distribution system connects the cryomodules with the linac cryoplant. With estimated electricity consumption of up to 3 MW this plant will be one of the major power consumers at ESS. Turndown modes and the intrinsic uncertainties regarding heat loads drive the need for high plant efficiency not only during full load operation but also at reduced performance. Together with flexibility and reliability over a long operation period these are the key challenges that will be addressed in this paper.  
poster icon Poster THPP041 [4.141 MB]  
 
THPP046 SRF Highbay Technical Infrastructure for FRIB Production at Michigan State University SRF, cavity, cryomodule, vacuum 954
 
  • L. Popielarski, F. Casagrande, C. Compton, T. Elkin, A. Fila, P.E. Gibson, M. Hodek, L. Hodges, I.M. Malloch, C. Nguyen, R. Oweiss, J.P. Ozelis, J. Popielarski, C. Thronson, D.R. Victory, T. Xu
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • M. Leitner
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE- SC0000661
Michigan State University (MSU) has funded the construction of a new 27,000 square foot high bay building to house the Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) infrastructure for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) production requirements. The construction has been completed and beneficial occupancy began on May 19th, 2014. The new SRF highbay includes over 4,000 square feet of cleanroom and chemistry facility space, automated cavity etch tools, ultra pure water systems, cold mass component inspection area, hydrogen degassing furnace, SRF testing capabilities for three vertical test Dewars and two horizontal cryomodule test bunkers with dedicated helium refrigeration system. The status of the technical equipment design, installation and commissioning will be presented. 		 
 
THPP059 Z-Shaper: A Picosecond UV Laser Pulse Shaping Channel at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator laser, experiment, electron, linac 986
 
  • J.C.T. Thangaraj, D.R. Edstrom, A.H. Lumpkin, J. Ruan
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • B. Beaudoin
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  
  Many accelerator applications require a longitudinally shaped electron beam profile for studies ranging from THz generation to dielectric wakefield acceleration. An electron beam profile can be shaped through many techniques in both electron beam generation, such as with a DAZZLER or in ellipsoidal pulse generation, and beam transport, using an emittance exchanger or linearizing harmonic cavity. In this paper, shaping of a UV pulse with length on the order of picoseconds is examined using alpha-BBO crystals in the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) drive laser. A relatively economical solution to effect a predictable and tunable longitudinal bunch shape, profiles have been generated and observed using a Hamamatsu C5680 streak camera, and the results are compared with the analytical theory.  
 
THPP068 Cold Power Tests of the SC 325 MHz CH-Cavity cavity, linac, ion, heavy-ion 1007
 
  • M. Busch, M. Amberg, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • M. Amberg
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  
  Funding: Work supported by GSI, BMBF Contr. No. 06FY7102
At the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP), Frankfurt University, a superconducting 325 MHz CH-Cavity has been designed, built and first tests have successfully been performed. The cavity is determined for a 11.4 AMeV, 10 mA ion beam at the GSI UNILAC. Consisting of 7 gaps this resonator is envisaged to deliver a gradient of 5 MV/m. Novel features of this structure are a compact design, low peak fields, improved surface processing and power coupling. Furthermore a tuner system based on bellow tuners driven by a stepping motor and a piezo actuator and attached inside the resonator will control the frequency. In this contribution measurements executed at 4 K and 2 K at the cryo lab in Frankfurt will be presented. 		 
poster icon Poster THPP068 [1.449 MB]  
 
THPP077 Fast Tuner Performance for a Double Spoke Cavity cavity, operation, simulation, SRF 1034
 
  • N. Gandolfo, S. Bousson, S. Brault, P. Duchesne, P. Duthil, G. Olry, D. Reynet
    IPN, Orsay, France
  • C. Darve, M. Lindroos
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  IPN Orsay is developing the low-beta double Spoke cavities cryomodule for the ESS. In order to compensate resonant frequency variations of each cavity during operation, a deformation tuner has been studied and two of them have been built. The typical perturbations are coming from LHe saturated bath pressure variations as well as microphonics and Lorentz force detuning (LFD). In this paper, the tuner performance of the double Spoke cavity is presented.  
 
THPP093 Combined System of Optical Inspection and Local Grinder cavity, injection, brightness, superconducting-cavity 1065
 
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • H. Hayano, T. Kubo, K. Watanabe, Y. Yamamoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Optical inspections on superconducting accelerating tubes have been playing an important role on improving their accelerating gradients. Instead of treatments on whole cavity inner surfaces to eliminate the found defects on the surfaces, the local grinding method succeeds to remove them efficiently. A combined system of the optical inspection and the local Grinding machines are fabricated. The overview of the system will be presented.  
 
THPP113 Architecture Design for the SwissFEL LLRF System LLRF, software, hardware, feedback 1114
 
  • Z. Geng, M. Broennimann, I. Brunnenkant, A. Dietrich, F. Gärtner, A. Hauff, M. Jurcevic, R. Kalt, S. Mair, A. Řežaeizadeh, L. Schebacher, T. Schilcher, W. Sturzenegger
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The SwissFEL under construction at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) requires high quality electron beams to generate x-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) for various experiments. The LLRF system is used to control the klystron to provide highly stable RF field in accelerator structures for beam acceleration. There are more than 30 RF stations in the SwissFEL accelerator with different frequencies (S-band, C-band and X-band) and different types of cavities (standing wave cavities and traveling wave structures). Each RF station will be controlled by a LLRF control node and all RF stations will be connected to the real-time network in the scope of the global beam based feedback system. High level applications and automation procedures will be defined to fit the LLRF control nodes into the global control applications for the accelerator operation. In order to handle the complexity of the LLRF system, the system architecture is carefully designed considering the external interfaces, functions and performance requirements to the LLRF system. The architecture design of the LLRF system will be described in this paper with the focus on the fast networks, digital hardware, firmware and software.  
 
THPP119 Stabilization of Beam Performance due to Improvement of the Precise Temperature Regulation System of the SACLA Injector laser, cavity, power-supply, feedback 1131
 
  • T. Asaka, T. Hasegawa, H. Maesaka, Y. Otake, K. Togawa
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  
  The temperature of rf cavities in the SACLA injector have to be precisely controlled to generate stable electron beam for XFEL users. To maintain the rf voltage and phase in the each cavity, the temperatures of all the cavities were kept within 28±0.04˚C by controlling the cooling water temperature. AC power supply of the controller to heat the cooling water was operated at 2Hz by PWM control with alternatively tuning on and off. The correlation between beam position variation and a leakage magnetic field due to applying the heater current of an AC power supply was found out. Although the cooling water temperature was controlled less than ±40mK, the laser intensity was affected by slight temperature drift. Therefore, thermometer modules were replaced to more precise ones with 1mK resolution. A new temperature regulation system using a continuous level control with DC power supply was installed. The fast fluctuation of the magnetic field leak by the heater current due to the PWM control was removed. Consequently, the beam position jitter in an undulator section was reduced to less than one-third and the laser position variation was suppressed within 20μm.  
 
THPP123 Experience of Operation of the Electron Linear Accelerator Based on Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure cavity, electron, gun, multipactoring 1144
 
  • A.E. Levichev, A.M. Barnyakov, D.A. Nikiforov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • Y.D. Chernousov
    ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev
    ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  An electron linear accelerator based on parallel coupled accelerating structure was developed and produced by Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS and Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS. Short and long versions of the accelerating structure at 2450 MHz were built. For easy disassembly electrical and vacuum connections of the first (short) structure were made using indium seals. The second structure was brazed. Now the accelerator is in operation and used to study the accelerating and RF technologies. In the report the features of the accelerator are presented, including the design and characteristics of RF antenna and solid-state switch for the electron gun. Test results of the long parallel coupled accelerating structure are discussed. Observations made on the short structure surface after it had been opened are depicted. Now the short structure undergoes certain modifications in order to accelerate higher beam currents.  
 
THPP130 Development of FPGA-based Predistortion-type Linearization Algorithms for Klystrons within Digital LLRF Control Systems for ILC-like Electron Accelerators klystron, LLRF, target, FPGA 1162
 
  • M. Omet
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • B. Chase, P. Varghese
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • T. Matsumoto, S. Michizono, T. Miura, F. Qiu
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Two different kinds of predistortion-type linearization algorithms have been implemented and compared on an FPGA within the digital LLRF control system the Advanced Superconducting Test Facility (ASTA) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). The algorithms are based on 2nd order polynomial functions and lookup tables with interpolation by which complex correction factors are obtained. The algorithms were tested in an actual setup including a 5 MW klystron and a superconducting 9-cell TESLA-type cavity at ASTA. By this a proof of concept was demonstrated.  
poster icon Poster THPP130 [2.411 MB]  
 
THPP133 LLRF System for the CEBAF Separator Upgrade cavity, extraction, LLRF, electron 1171
 
  • T. E. Plawski, R. Bachimanchi, C. Hovater, D.J. Seidman, M.J. Wissmann
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) energy upgrade from 6 GeV to 12 GeV includes the installation of four new 750 MHz deflecting, normal conducting cavities in the 5th pass extraction region. This system will work together with existing 499 MHz RF Separator in order to allow simultaneous delivery of the beam to four CEBAF experimental halls. The RF system employs two digital LLRF systems controlling four cavities in a vector sum. Cavity tune information of the individual cavities is also obtained using a multiplexing scheme of the forward and reflected RF signals. In this paper we will present detailed LLRF design and current status of the CEBAF 750 MHz beam extraction system.  
 
FRIOB01 Positive Trends in Radiation Risk Assessment and Consequent Opportunities for Linac Applications radiation, linac, FEL, simulation 1202
 
  • Y. Socol
    Falcon Analytics, Netanya, Israel
  
  Ionizing radiation, an unavoidable by-product of high-energy LINACs, makes them subject to strict regulation and severe public concerns. During the last two decades the attitude to ionizing radiation hazards has been becoming more balanced, as opposed to the historical "radiophobia". The linear no-threshold hypothesis (LNTH), based on the assumption that every radiation dose increment constitutes increased cancer risk for humans, is more and more debated. In particular, the recent memorandum of the International Commission on Radiological Protection admits that the LNTH predictions at low doses are "speculative, unproven, undetectable and "phantom'." Moreover, numerous experimental, ecological, and epidemiological studies show that low doses of ionizing radiation may be beneficial to human health. While these advances in scientific understanding have not yet given fruit regarding radiation regulation and policy, we are hopeful these may happen in near to middle term. The presentation reviews the present status of the low-dose radiation-hazard debate. It also outlines anticipated opportunities for LINAC applications, especially in the prospective field of low-dose radiation therapy.  
slides icon Slides FRIOB01 [1.890 MB]