IPAC2021 - List of Authors (Giovannozzi, M.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPAB006	Optics Configurations for Improved Machine Impedance and Cleaning Performance of a Multi-Stage Collimation Insertion	57
	R. Bruce, R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, N. Mounet, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	For a two-stage collimation system, the betatron phase advance between the primary and secondary stages is usually set to maximise the absorption of secondary particles outscattered from the primary. Another constraint is the contribution to the ring impedance of the collimation system, which can be decreased through an optimized insertion optics, featuring large values of the beta functions. In this article we report on first studies of such an optics for the CERN LHC. In addition to a gain in impedance, we show that the cleaning efficiency can be improved thanks to the large beta functions, even though the phase advance is not set at the theoretical optimum.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB006
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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MOPAB027	Improving the Luminosity Burn-Off Estimate by Considering Single-Diffractive Effects	130
	F.F. Van der Veken, H. Burkhardt, M. Giovannozzi, V.K.B. Olsen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Collisions in a high-luminosity collider result in a continuous burn-off of the circulating beams that is the dominant effect that reduces the instantaneous luminosity over time. In order to obtain a good estimate of the luminosity evolution, it is imperative to have an accurate understanding of the burn-off. Typically, this is calculated based on the inelastic cross-section, as it provides a direct estimate of the number of protons that participate in inelastic collisions, and are hence removed. Likewise, protons that participate in elastic collisions will remain in the machine acceptance, still contributing to luminosity. In between these two regimes lie diffractive collisions, for which the protons have a certain probability to remain in the machine acceptance. Recent developments of the SixTrack code allow it to interface with Pythia, thus allowing for more precise simulations to obtain a better estimate of the diffractive part of the cross-section. In this paper, we will mainly concentrate on slowly-drifting protons that are close to the acceptance limit, resulting from single-diffractive scattering.
	Poster MOPAB027 [1.193 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB027
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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MOPAB028	Using Machine Learning to Improve Dynamic Aperture Estimates	134
	F.F. Van der Veken, M. Giovannozzi, E.H. Maclean CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.E. Montanari Bologna University, Bologna, Italy G. Valentino University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
	The dynamic aperture (DA) is an important concept in the study of nonlinear beam dynamics. Several analytical models used to describe the evolution of DA as a function of time, and to extrapolate to realistic time scales that would not be reachable otherwise due to computational limitations, have been successfully developed. Even though these models have been quite successful in the past, the fitting procedure is rather sensitive to several details. Machine Learning (ML) techniques, which have been around for decades and have matured into powerful tools ever since, carry the potential to address some of these challenges. In this paper, two applications of ML approaches are presented and discussed in detail. Firstly, ML has been used to efficiently detect outliers in the DA computations. Secondly, ML techniques have been applied to improve the fitting procedures of the DA models, thus improving their predictive power.
	Poster MOPAB028 [1.764 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB028
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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TUPAB216	Modeling Particle Stability Plots for Accelerator Optimization Using Adaptive Sampling	1923
	M. Schenk, L. Coyle, T. Pieloni EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland M. Giovannozzi, A. Mereghetti CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Krymova, G. Obozinski SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Funding: This work is partially funded by the Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC), project C18-07. One key aspect of accelerator optimization is to maximize the dynamic aperture (DA) of a ring. Given the number of adjustable parameters and the compute-intensity of DA simulations, this task can benefit significantly from efficient search algorithms of the available parameter space. We propose to gradually train and improve a surrogate model of the DA from SixTrack simulations while exploring the parameter space with adaptive sampling methods. Here we report on a first model of the particle stability plots using convolutional generative adversarial networks (GAN) trained on a subset of SixTrack numerical simulations for different ring configurations of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB216
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB231	Cooling of an Annular Beam by Using Nonlinear Effects	1968
	F. Capoani, M. Giovannozzi, R. Tomás García CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Bazzani, F. Capoani Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
	In recent years, nonlinear effects have been used to modify the transverse beam distribution by crossing nonlinear resonances adiabatically. This allows generating transversally split beams, in which the initial single Gaussian is divided into several ones depending on the order and stability type of the resonance used. Nonlinear effects could be used to try and cool a beam by acting on its transverse beam distribution. In this paper, we present and discuss the special case of a beam with an annular distribution, showing how the resulting emittance could be reduced by means of nonlinear effects.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB231
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB232	Linear Coupling and Adiabaticity of Emittance Exchange	1972
	F. Capoani, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Bazzani, F. Capoani Bologna University, Bologna, Italy A.I. Neishtadt IKI, Moscow, Russia A.I. Neishtadt Loughborough University, Leicestershre, United Kingdom
	In circular accelerators, crossing the coupling resonance induces the exchange of the transverse emittances, provided the process is adiabatic. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework to analyze the resonance-crossing process, based on Hamiltonian mechanics, which is capable of explaining all the features of the emittance exchange process.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB232
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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TUPAB233	Diffusive Models for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics	1976
	C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani Bologna University, Bologna, Italy M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Diffusive models for representing the nonlinear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator ring have been developed in recent years. The novelty of the work presented here with respect to older approaches is that the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is derived from the time stability estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, we discuss the latest results obtained for simple models of nonlinear betratron motion.
	Poster TUPAB233 [0.574 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB233
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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WEXB07	Transverse Beam Profile Measurements from Extraction Losses in the PS	2548
	J.R. Hunt, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, A. Huschauer, G. Russo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Russo Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	During Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) of continuous beams in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN, losses are generated on the blade of both the active and non-active septum during the rise time of the extraction kickers. Utilising pCVD Diamond detectors, secondary signal generated from these losses is measured. The high time resolution of these devices allows for insight into the detail of the horizontal beam distribution during extraction, and hence useful information such as the horizontal beam emittance may be computed. In this contribution, FLUKA simulations to relate the detector response to the beam impact conditions on the blades of the two septa are presented. The dependence on the beam angle, magnetic fringe field, and positioning of the detector is explored. Finally, realistic beam distributions are used to determine expected signal profiles at each septum.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXB07
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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WEPAB026	Optics Measurements and Correction Plans for the HL-LHC	2656
	T.H.B. Persson, X. Buffat, F.S. Carlier, R. De Maria, J. Dilly, E. Fol, D. Gamba, H. Garcia Morales, A. García-Tabarés Valdivieso, M. Giovannozzi, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, P.K. Skowroński, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, F.F. Van der Veken, A. Wegscheider, D.W. Wolf, L. van Riesen-Haupt CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland J.M. Coello de Portugal PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will require stringent optics correction to operate safely and deliver the design luminosity to the experiments. In order to achieve this, several new methods for optics correction have been developed. In this article, we outline some of these methods and we describe the envisioned strategy of how to use them in order to reach the challenging requirements of the HL-LHC physics program.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB026
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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THPAB169	A Mechanism for Emittance Growth Based on Non-Linear Islands in LHC	4082
	E.H. Maclean, M. Giovannozzi, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Landau octupoles are used in the LHC to prevent coherent instabilities of the circulating beam. The reduction of their strength occurring during the energy ramp can transport particles in nonlinear islands to larger amplitude. This has the potential to lead to emittance growth and to beam-losses. Beam-based studies and simulations of emittance growth during Landau octupole ramps performed in the LHC are presented to explore this mechanism in more detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB169
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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THPAB189	New Techniques to Compute the Linear Tune	4142
	G. Russo, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Tune determination in numerical simulations is an essential aspect of nonlinear beam dynamics studies. In particular, because it allows probing whether an initial condition is close to resonance, and it enables assessment of the stability of the orbit, i.e. whether the motion is regular or chaotic. In this paper, results of recently developed techniques to obtain accurate tune computation from numerical simulation data are presented and discussed in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB189
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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Paper

Title

Page

Optics Configurations for Improved Machine Impedance and Cleaning Performance of a Multi-Stage Collimation Insertion

57

R. Bruce, R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, N. Mounet, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For a two-stage collimation system, the betatron phase advance between the primary and secondary stages is usually set to maximise the absorption of secondary particles outscattered from the primary. Another constraint is the contribution to the ring impedance of the collimation system, which can be decreased through an optimized insertion optics, featuring large values of the beta functions. In this article we report on first studies of such an optics for the CERN LHC. In addition to a gain in impedance, we show that the cleaning efficiency can be improved thanks to the large beta functions, even though the phase advance is not set at the theoretical optimum.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB006

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB027

Improving the Luminosity Burn-Off Estimate by Considering Single-Diffractive Effects

130

F.F. Van der Veken, H. Burkhardt, M. Giovannozzi, V.K.B. Olsen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Collisions in a high-luminosity collider result in a continuous burn-off of the circulating beams that is the dominant effect that reduces the instantaneous luminosity over time. In order to obtain a good estimate of the luminosity evolution, it is imperative to have an accurate understanding of the burn-off. Typically, this is calculated based on the inelastic cross-section, as it provides a direct estimate of the number of protons that participate in inelastic collisions, and are hence removed. Likewise, protons that participate in elastic collisions will remain in the machine acceptance, still contributing to luminosity. In between these two regimes lie diffractive collisions, for which the protons have a certain probability to remain in the machine acceptance. Recent developments of the SixTrack code allow it to interface with Pythia, thus allowing for more precise simulations to obtain a better estimate of the diffractive part of the cross-section. In this paper, we will mainly concentrate on slowly-drifting protons that are close to the acceptance limit, resulting from single-diffractive scattering.

Poster MOPAB027 [1.193 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB027

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB028

Using Machine Learning to Improve Dynamic Aperture Estimates

134

F.F. Van der Veken, M. Giovannozzi, E.H. Maclean
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.E. Montanari
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
G. Valentino
University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta

The dynamic aperture (DA) is an important concept in the study of nonlinear beam dynamics. Several analytical models used to describe the evolution of DA as a function of time, and to extrapolate to realistic time scales that would not be reachable otherwise due to computational limitations, have been successfully developed. Even though these models have been quite successful in the past, the fitting procedure is rather sensitive to several details. Machine Learning (ML) techniques, which have been around for decades and have matured into powerful tools ever since, carry the potential to address some of these challenges. In this paper, two applications of ML approaches are presented and discussed in detail. Firstly, ML has been used to efficiently detect outliers in the DA computations. Secondly, ML techniques have been applied to improve the fitting procedures of the DA models, thus improving their predictive power.

Poster MOPAB028 [1.764 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB028

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPAB216

Modeling Particle Stability Plots for Accelerator Optimization Using Adaptive Sampling

1923

M. Schenk, L. Coyle, T. Pieloni
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Giovannozzi, A. Mereghetti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Krymova, G. Obozinski
SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland

Funding: This work is partially funded by the Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC), project C18-07.
One key aspect of accelerator optimization is to maximize the dynamic aperture (DA) of a ring. Given the number of adjustable parameters and the compute-intensity of DA simulations, this task can benefit significantly from efficient search algorithms of the available parameter space. We propose to gradually train and improve a surrogate model of the DA from SixTrack simulations while exploring the parameter space with adaptive sampling methods. Here we report on a first model of the particle stability plots using convolutional generative adversarial networks (GAN) trained on a subset of SixTrack numerical simulations for different ring configurations of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB216

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPAB231

Cooling of an Annular Beam by Using Nonlinear Effects

1968

F. Capoani, M. Giovannozzi, R. Tomás García
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Bazzani, F. Capoani
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy

In recent years, nonlinear effects have been used to modify the transverse beam distribution by crossing nonlinear resonances adiabatically. This allows generating transversally split beams, in which the initial single Gaussian is divided into several ones depending on the order and stability type of the resonance used. Nonlinear effects could be used to try and cool a beam by acting on its transverse beam distribution. In this paper, we present and discuss the special case of a beam with an annular distribution, showing how the resulting emittance could be reduced by means of nonlinear effects.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB231

About •

paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB232

Linear Coupling and Adiabaticity of Emittance Exchange

1972

F. Capoani, M. Giovannozzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Bazzani, F. Capoani
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
A.I. Neishtadt
IKI, Moscow, Russia
A.I. Neishtadt
Loughborough University, Leicestershre, United Kingdom

In circular accelerators, crossing the coupling resonance induces the exchange of the transverse emittances, provided the process is adiabatic. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework to analyze the resonance-crossing process, based on Hamiltonian mechanics, which is capable of explaining all the features of the emittance exchange process.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB232

About •

paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPAB233

Diffusive Models for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics

1976

C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Diffusive models for representing the nonlinear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator ring have been developed in recent years. The novelty of the work presented here with respect to older approaches is that the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is derived from the time stability estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, we discuss the latest results obtained for simple models of nonlinear betratron motion.

Poster TUPAB233 [0.574 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB233

About •

paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXB07

Transverse Beam Profile Measurements from Extraction Losses in the PS

2548

J.R. Hunt, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, A. Huschauer, G. Russo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Russo
Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

During Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) of continuous beams in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN, losses are generated on the blade of both the active and non-active septum during the rise time of the extraction kickers. Utilising pCVD Diamond detectors, secondary signal generated from these losses is measured. The high time resolution of these devices allows for insight into the detail of the horizontal beam distribution during extraction, and hence useful information such as the horizontal beam emittance may be computed. In this contribution, FLUKA simulations to relate the detector response to the beam impact conditions on the blades of the two septa are presented. The dependence on the beam angle, magnetic fringe field, and positioning of the detector is explored. Finally, realistic beam distributions are used to determine expected signal profiles at each septum.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXB07

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPAB026

Optics Measurements and Correction Plans for the HL-LHC

2656

T.H.B. Persson, X. Buffat, F.S. Carlier, R. De Maria, J. Dilly, E. Fol, D. Gamba, H. Garcia Morales, A. García-Tabarés Valdivieso, M. Giovannozzi, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, P.K. Skowroński, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, F.F. Van der Veken, A. Wegscheider, D.W. Wolf, L. van Riesen-Haupt
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J.M. Coello de Portugal
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will require stringent optics correction to operate safely and deliver the design luminosity to the experiments. In order to achieve this, several new methods for optics correction have been developed. In this article, we outline some of these methods and we describe the envisioned strategy of how to use them in order to reach the challenging requirements of the HL-LHC physics program.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB026

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPAB169

A Mechanism for Emittance Growth Based on Non-Linear Islands in LHC

4082

E.H. Maclean, M. Giovannozzi, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Landau octupoles are used in the LHC to prevent coherent instabilities of the circulating beam. The reduction of their strength occurring during the energy ramp can transport particles in nonlinear islands to larger amplitude. This has the potential to lead to emittance growth and to beam-losses. Beam-based studies and simulations of emittance growth during Landau octupole ramps performed in the LHC are presented to explore this mechanism in more detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB169

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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THPAB189

New Techniques to Compute the Linear Tune

4142

G. Russo, M. Giovannozzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Tune determination in numerical simulations is an essential aspect of nonlinear beam dynamics studies. In particular, because it allows probing whether an initial condition is close to resonance, and it enables assessment of the stability of the orbit, i.e. whether the motion is regular or chaotic. In this paper, results of recently developed techniques to obtain accurate tune computation from numerical simulation data are presented and discussed in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB189

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)