G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California
A specialized software package has been developed that enables the rapid implementation of custom beam optics modules that run in the Particle Beam Optics Laboratory (PBO Lab). PBO Lab is a commercially available software application that supports a suite of accelerator codes for design, operations, and personnel education. The intuitive and easy-to-use graphic user interface (GUI) is largely responsible for the popularity of PBO Lab. The Open Architecture Software Integration System, or OASIS, builds upon the capability of PBO Lab to host a suite of different codes, and provides an innovative framework that allows users to readily integrate their own optics programs into PBO Lab. The OASIS GUI can be used to readily create new PBO Lab modules without writing or compiling any source code. OASIS has been used to develop several new modules for PBO Lab. This paper presents a summary of the OASIS framework and describes some of the features used in creating the new PBO Lab modules for several popular optics codes.
G.H. Gillespie Associates, Inc., Del Mar, California
A new graphic user interface (GUI) has been created for the PARMILA 2 program. PARMILA 2 is an advanced version of the historical PARMILA program originally developed to design and model drift tube linear (DTL) accelerators. PARMILA 2 expands upon that capability to support the design and simulation of coupled cavity linear (CCL) accelerator structures, coupled-cavity drift tube linac (CCDTL) structures, superconducting accelerator structures, as well as DTL structures and transport lines that can include magnetic, radiofrequency and electrostatic beam optics elements. The Open Architecture Software Integration System, or OASIS, has been used to develop a custom module for the PARMILA 2 program that runs along with a suite of other optics codes in the Particle Beam Optics Laboratory (PBO Lab). OASIS development tools were utilized to define the innovative GUI for the PARMILA 2 module. Existing PARMILA 2 executables, including Parmila.exe, Lingraf.exe and readdst.exe, have been implemented via GUI commands utilizing other OASIS tools without any compilation or linking required. This paper presents an overview of the PARMILA 2 module and illustrates some of the GUI features.
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The importance of a proper phase law is recognized to tune the synchronous phase of each superconducting cavities of a high intensity proton linac such as the SNS linac. The factors to be optimized are:
- maximizing the longitudinal acceptance
- better matching throughout the linac and
- achieving maximum beam energy.
KEK, Ibaraki
KEK injector linac provides an injection beam for four storage rings, KEKB high energy electron ring(HER), low energy positron ring(LER), PF-AR electron ring, and PF electron ring. The injection beams for these rings have different energies and intensities. Recently, a requirement of simultaneous injection among these rings arises to make a top-up injection possible. Magnetic fields of DC magnets to confine the beam to the accelerating structures can not be changed between pulse to pulse, although the beam energy can be controlled by fast rf phase shifters of klystrons. This implies that a common magnetic field of the bending magnets and the quadrupole magnets should be utilized to deliver beams having different characteristics. Therefore, we have designed multi-energy optics for the KEKB-HER electron ring(8 GeV, 1 nC/pulse), the PF electron ring(2.5 GeV, 0.1 nC/pulse), and the KEKB-LER positron ring(3.5 GeV, 0.4 nC/pulse). We present a performance of the multi-energy injector linac.
ANL, Argonne
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
An Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is one possibility for an upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In addition to the linac itself, our concept involves a large turn-around arc (TAA) at 7 GeV that would eventually accommodate many new beamlines. Previously, we based the TAA design on isochronous triple-bend archromat (TBA) cells, since these are expected to provide some immunity to the effects of coherent synchrotron radiation. In the present work, we compare the previous TBA-based design to a new design based on double-bend achromat cells, in terms of emittance growth, energy spread growth, and energy recovery. We also explore the trade-off between optimization of the beta functions in the straight sections and minimization of emittance growth.
ANL, Argonne
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
An energy recovery linac (ERL) is one of the candidates for an upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In addition to the APS ring and full-energy linac, our design also includes a large turn-around arc that could accommodate new X-ray beamlines as well. In total, the beam trajectory length would be close to 3 km. The ERL lattice has a strong focusing to limit emittance growth, and it includes strong sextupoles to keep beam energy spread under control and minimize beam losses. As in storage rings, trajectory errors in sextupoles will result in lattice perturbations that would affect delivered X-ray beam properties. In storage rings, the response matrix fit method is widely used to measure and correct linear lattice errors. Here, we explore the application of the method to the linear lattice correction of ERL.
DESY, Hamburg
The XFEL injector building has a length of 74.3 metres and is divided by 2.5 m long concrete shielding wall. The section upstream the shielding wall will have a length of 42.3 m and give place for the gun, accelerating module, 3rd harmonic section, laser heater and the beam diagnostics section. At its end the possibility for the beam dump is foreseen so that the tuning of the beam in the injector would become possible without any impact on the subsequent parts of the XFEL. Each of these components sets certain requirements on beam optics which may compete with each other. Downstream the shielding the beam will be vertically displaced by 2.75 m over the distance of 20 m by means of the so called dogleg - a combination of two four cell arcs (8 cell system). Since the vertical displacement takes place there it is important to optimize cells in such an order that the chromatic effects don't impact the beam quality noticeably. In this paper we describe the solution for the beam optics at the XFEL injector.
CERN, Geneva
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
TRIUMF, Vancouver
The objective of the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 is to demonstrate the feasibility issues of the CLIC two-beam technology. CTF3 consists of an electron linac followed by a delay loop, a combiner ring and a two-beam test area. One issue studied in CTF3 is the efficient generation of a very high current drive beam, used in CLIC as the power source to accelerate the main beam to multi-TeV energies. The beam current is first doubled in the delay loop and then multiplied by a factor four in the combiner ring by interleaving bunches using transverse deflecting rf cavities. The combiner ring and the connecting transfer line have been put into operation in 2007. In this paper we give the status of the commissioning, present the results of the combination tests and illustrate in some detail the beam optics measurements, including response matrix analysis, dispersion measurement and applied orbit correction algorithms. We discuss as well the observation of a vertical beam break-up instability which is due to the vertical transverse mode in the horizontal rf deflectors used for beam injection and combination. We outline the attempted methods to mitigate the instability and their effectiveness.
KIP, Heidelberg
MPI-K, Heidelberg
Without an adequate set of beam instrumentation, it would not be possible to operate any particle accelerator, let aside optimize its performance. In a joint effort between several major research centres, Universities, and partners from industry, DITANET aims for the development of beyond-state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques for future accelerator facilities and for training the next-generation of young scientists in this truly multi-disciplinary field. The wide research program covers the development of beam profile, current, and position measurements, as well as of particle detection techniques and related electronics. This contribution introduces this new Marie Curie Initial Training Network, presents the DITANET partner institutes, and gives an overview of the networks broad research and training program.
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
Characterization of the micropulse bunch lengths and phase stability of the drive laser and the electron beam continue to be of interest at the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector facility. Upgrades to the existing Hamamatsu C5680 streak camera were identified, and initially a synchroscan unit tuned to 81.25 MHz was installed to provide a method for synchronous summing of the micropulses from the drive laser and the optical transition radiation (OTR) generated by the e-beam. A phase-locked delay box was also added to the system to provide phase stability of ~1 ps over tens of minutes. Initial e-beam measurements identified a significant space-charge effect on the bunch length. Recent measurements with a re-optimized transverse emittance allowed the reduction of the micropulse number from 50 to 10 with 1 nC each to obtain a useful streak image. This increased signal also would facilitate dual-sweep operations of the streak camera to explore macropulse effects. Installation of the recently procured dual-sweep module in the mainframe has now been done. Initial commissioning results and sub-macropulse effects in the beams will be presented as available.
Fermilab, Batavia
ANL, Argonne
Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Strong enhancements of the optical transition radiation (OTR) signal sampled after bunch compression in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linac chicane have been observed as has been reported in LCLS injector commissioning. A FIR CTR detector and interferometer were used to monitor the bunch compression process of the PC gun beam down to sub-0.5 ps (FWHM) and correlate the appearance of spatially localized spikes of OTR signal (5 to 10 times brighter than adjacent areas) within the beam image footprint. We also observed that a beam from a thermionic cathode gun with much lower charge per micropulse (but a similar total macropulse charge to the PC gun) showed no enhancement of the OTR signal after compression. Reconstructions of the temporal profiles from the autocorrelations of both beams were performed and will be presented. Spectral-dependence measurements of the enhanced OTR were done initially at the 375-MeV station using a series of bandpass filters inserted before the CCD camera. Tests with an Oriel spectrometer with ICCD readout are now being planned to extend those studies. Discussions of the possible mechanisms for the OTR enhancements will be presented.
Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
Fermilab, Batavia
Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
An experiment has been developed at the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector Lab to demonstrate the exchange of longitudinal emittance with the horizontal emittance. Our apparatus consists of a 3.9 GHz TM110 deflecting rf cavity placed between two magnetic dogleg channels. The first dogleg generates the needed dispersion to appropriately position the off-momentum electrons in the TM110 cavity. The TM110 cavity reduces the momentum spread and imparts a time dependent transverse kick. The second dogleg finishes the exchange and yields the exchange of the emittances. We report on the measurement of the exchange beamline matrix elements as well as an inital report on measuring the exchange emittances directly.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Funding: Supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-FG02-05ER86253
Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders require rapid acceleration of short-lived muons to multi-GeV and TeV energies. A Recirculated Linear Accelerator (RLA) that uses a single Linac and teardrop return arcs (the so called 'Dogbone' RLA) can provide exceptionally fast and economical acceleration to the extent that the focusing range of the RLA quadrupoles allows each muon to pass several times through each high-gradient cavity. Since muons are generated as a tertiary beam they occupy large phase-space volume and the accelerator must provide very large transverse and longitudinal acceptances. The above requirements drive the design to low rf frequency. A new concept of rapidly changing the strength of the RLA focusing quadrupoles as the muons gain energy is being developed to increase the number of passes that each muon will make in the rf cavities, leading to greater cost effectiveness. We are developing the optics and technical requirements for RLA designs, using superconducting rf cavities capable of simultaneous acceleration of both μ+ and μ- species, with pulsed Linac quadrupoles to allow the maximum number of passes.