Beam Diagnosis Control System Upgrade Based on EPICS at RAON
E.H. Lim, E.-S. Kim
Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea
G.D. Kim, J.W. Kwon, H.J. Woo
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
The Rare-isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment (RAON) is a heavy ion accelerator with a maximum beam power of 400 kW. RAON is equipped with various diagnostic devices, including the Faraday Cup, Wire Scanner, and Beam Viewer, for measuring beam characteristics. EPICS is used for integrated control of driving devices such as motors and air cylinders and data collection devices, and performs sequential operations according to an algorithm written in SEQUENCER. As beam commissioning operation progressed, various improvement requirements were identified. Algorithms have been upgraded to provide error signals and prevent collisions between devices, ensuring stability. In this paper, we present the RAON’s upgraded diagnostic control system.
The Digital Signal Processing Chain of the CERN LIU BWS
288
D. Belohrad
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J. Emery, J.C. Esteban Felipe, A. Goldblatt, A. Guerrero, M. Martin Nieto, F. Roncarolo
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
Between 2019 and 2023, as part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU), a major renovation of the CERN wire scanners (BWS) was performed. The main driving force was to prepare the wire scanners for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), during which the instantaneous luminosity is expected to double, to around 5× 1034cm-2s-1. In 2021 seventeen LIU BWSs were installed in the CERN PS complex and the SPS. Additionally, two BWSs were installed in the LHC, at the end of 2022, to be ready for the 2023 LHC run. The aim of the contribution is to describe in detail the technical implementation of the digital signal acquisition (DAQ) and data processing of the newly installed BWSs. Particular attention is given to the design of the analogue front-end, signal conversion, and data processing chain ¿ providing raw data for the profile reconstruction. The synchronisation of the incoming digitised signal with the machine timing is also a focus point, as it differs significantly between the PS complex on the one hand and the LHC and SPS on the other hand. In conclusion we present beam measurements, and discuss the limitations of the algorithms used.
Real Time Momentum Spread Measurement of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator Beam
293
P. Freyermuth, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
Constant optimisation and diagnostics of the cooling processes in the CERN antiproton decelerator (AD) relies on a de-bunched beam momentum spread real time measurement. This article will describe the renovation of the acquisition chain of the longitudinal Schottky diagnostics in the AD, using standard CERN hardware and software to maximize reliability, ease maintenance, and meet the requirements for standard operational tools. The whole chain, from the pick-up to the operation software applications will be described with emphasis on the implementation of the data processing running on the front-end computer. Limitations will also be discussed and outlook for further development given.
Status of the RFSoC-based Signal Processing for Multi-bunch and Filling Pattern Feedbacks in the SLS 2.0
297
P.H. Baeta Neves Diniz Santos
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Having effectively evaluated the RF System-On-Chip (RFSoC) as a suitable technology for the SLS2.0 Filling Pattern Feedback (FPFB) and Multi-bunch Feedback (MBFB) [1], our current focus lies in realizing and expanding the required real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms on an RFSoC evaluation board. This contribution outlines the present status of our feedback systems, including recent outcomes derived from testing prototypes both in the laboratory and with beam signals at the storage ring. [1] P. Baeta et al., "RF System-on-Chip for Multi-Bunch and Filling-Pattern Feedbacks," Proc. IBIC’22
Overview of Current and Future Platforms for Big Experiments/Different Types of Machines
R. Beauregard
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Many facilities are in the process of or considering moving towards MTCA platforms for future diagnostics systems. Talk could highlight what progress has been made for various diagnostics systems such as multibunch feedback, BPMs and orbit feedback etc., as well as future plans. Development of firmware to support diagnostics applications. Could consider benefits and constraints in the perspective of operation of diagnostics on accelerators. Should be applicable to all types of machine; linear, circular, hadron, electron.
Software Defined Radio Based Feedback System for Transverse Beam Excitation
306
P.J. Niedermayer, R.N. Geißler, R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:This project has received funding from the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730. Controlling stored beams in particle accelerators requires specially designed RF signals, such as needed for spill control via transverse excitation. The software-defined radio (SDR) technology is adopted as a low cost, yet highly flexible setup to generate such signals in the kHz to MHz regime. A feedback system is build using a combination of digital signal processing with GNU Radio and RF Network-on-Chip (RFNoC) on a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The system enables digitization of signals from particle detectors and direct tuning of the produced RF waveforms via a feedback controller – implemented on a single device. To allow for triggered operation and to reduce the loop delay to a few ms, custom OOT and RFNoC blocks have been implemented. This contribution reports on the implementation and first test results with beam of the developed spill control system.
Beam Instrumentation Hardware Architecture for Upgrades at the BNL Collider-Accelerator Complex and the Future Electron Ion Collider
308
R.J. Michnoff, L. DeSanto, C.M. Degen, S.H. Hafeez, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, J. Mead, K. Mernick, G. Narayan, P. Oddo, M.C. Paniccia, J.A. Pomaro, A.C. Pramberger, J.C. Renta, F. Severino
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
D.M. Gassner
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
Funding:Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Many beam instrumentation systems at Brookhaven National Laboratory¿s Collider-Accelerator complex are over 20 years old and in need of upgrading due to obsolete components, old technology and the desire to provide improved performance and enhanced capabilities. In addition, many new beam instrumentation systems will be developed for the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) that will be housed in the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) tunnel. A new BNL designed custom hardware architecture is planned for both upgrades in the existing facility and new systems for the EIC. A general-purpose carrier board based on the Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ System-on-Chip (SoC) will interface with a family of application specific daughter cards to satisfy the requirements for each system. This paper will present the general architecture that is planned, as well as details for some of the application specific daughter cards that will be developed.
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A Preliminary Design of Bunch-by-bunch 3D Positions Measurement
347
R.Z. Wu, P. Lu, B.G. Sun, L.L. Tang, D.Y. Wang, Y.K. Zhao
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
The decrease of beam emittance in the 4th generation light source greatly increases the electron density, thus the wakefields and beam impedance in the storage ring are significantly enhanced, resulting in various beam instabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the transient state of beams using the bunch-by-bunch technique, so as to dig into these instabilities. Here a three-dimensional (3D) positions measurement instrument is designed based on data synchronization module (DSM) to acquire the transverse positions and longitudinal phases of beams in real-time.
Implementation of Transimpedance Analog Front-End Card for Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Accelerator Wire Scanners
442
D. Rai, S.A. Baily, A.J. Braido, J.I. Duran, L.S. Kennel, H.L. Leffler, D. Martinez, L.S. Montoya, D.D. Zimmermann
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract no. 89233218CNA000001. LA-UR-23-25123 The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center’s (LANSCE) Accelerator Operations and Technology division group executed a project that implemented a new analog front-end card (AFE) for their wire scanner’s Data Acquisition (DAQ) system. The AFE accommodates the signal amplification and noise reduction needed to acquire essential measurement data for beam diagnostics for the LANSCE accelerator. Wire Scanners are electro-mechanical beam interceptive devices that provide cross-sectional beam profile measurement data fitted to a Gaussian distribution that provides beam shape and position information. The beam operators use the beam shape and position information to adjust parameters such as acceleration, steering and focus on delivering an optimized beam to all targets. The project implemented software and hardware that eliminated the dependency on legacy systems and consolidated various AFE designs for diagnostics systems into a single design with 11 gain settings ranging from 100 nA to 40 mA at 10 V full scale to accommodate future applications on other diagnostic systems.
M. Kuntzsch, M. Justus, A. Schwarz, K. Zenker
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
L. Krmpotić, U. Legat, Ž. Oven, L. Perusko, U. Rojec
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
The CW electron accelerator ELBE is in operation for more than two decades. The timing system has been patched several times in order to meet changing requirements. In 2019 the development of a new timing system based on Micro Research Finland Hardware has been started which is designed to unify the heterogeneous structure and to replace obsolete components. In spring 2023 the development of the software has been accomplished, which included the mapping of operation mode and different complex beam patterns onto the capabilities of the commercial platform. The system generates complex beam patterns from single pulse, to macro pulse and 26 MHz cw operation including special triggers for diagnostics and machine subsystems. The contribution will describe the path from requirements to development and commissioning of the new timing system at ELBE.
Key Factors and Drivers for Utilizing Machine Learning in Experimental Data Analysis: A Case Study of Synchrotron Experimental Data
A. Khaleghi, M. Akbari
ILSF, Tehran, Iran
H.H. Haedar, K. Mahmoudi
IKIU, Qazvin, Iran
Concurrently with the application of AI and Machin learning (ML), their remarkable influences are being observed. This study reviews the use of ML in analyzing experimental data, focusing on synchrotron data. It explores key factors and drivers shaping the application of ML in this context. The research model employs a forward-looking approach, aiming to advance ML in experimental data analysis. The study addresses challenges unique to synchrotron data, such as high dimensionality, complexity, large volume, noise, and uncertainty. Advanced techniques like dimensionality reduction, pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and predictive modeling are introduced as novel approaches. Results highlight the potential of ML in improving performance and obtaining more accurate outcomes in synchrotron data analysis. In conclusion, this research offers valuable insights and proposes strategies to enhance the analysis of synchrotron experimental data using ML. Identified drivers and research trends benefit synchrotron analysis and other scientific disciplines. The discussion explores broader implications and future directions for utilizing ML in experimental data analysis.
Harnessing the Power of Emerging Technologies: Data Science and Synchrotron Advancing Scientific Discoveries
A. Khaleghi, M. Akbari
ILSF, Tehran, Iran
H.H. Haedar, K. Mahmoudi
IKIU, Qazvin, Iran
This research review explores the impact of data science and synchrotron technology as emerging technologies in scientific research. The research model begins with an overview of the significance of data science and synchrotron technology in advancing scientific discoveries. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of interdisciplinary applications in materials science, structural biology, and environmental science. By employing data science techniques, including machine learning and statistical modeling, researchers can effectively analyze the complex datasets generated by synchrotron facilities. The results obtained from this integration showcase accelerated scientific discoveries and the emergence of new phenomena. The research concludes with a discussion on the challenges related to data quality and accessibility to synchrotron facilities, while also highlighting future advancements and emerging trends in data science and synchrotron technology. This research review underscores the transformative impact of these emerging technologies and their potential to reshape the landscape of scientific research.
Progress on Distributed Image Analysis from Digital Cameras at ELSA using the RabbitMQ Message Broker
449
M.T. Switka, K. Desch, T.J. Gereons, S. Kronenberg, D. Proft, A. Spreitzer
ELSA, Bonn, Germany
In the course of modernization of camera based imaging and image analysis for accelerator hardware and beam control at the ELSA facility, a distributed image processing approach was implemented, called FGrabbit. We utilize the RabbitMQ message broker to share the high data throughput from image acquisition, processing, analysis, display and storage between different work stations to achieve an optimum efficacy of the involved hardware. Re-calibration of already deployed beam profile monitors using machine vision algorithms allow us to perform qualitative beam photometry measurements to obtain beam sizes and dynamics with good precision. We describe the robustness of the calibration, image acquisition and processing and present the architecture and applications, such as the programming- and web-interface for machine operators and developers.
Development of Beam Monitoring Pixel Sensor and High Speed X-Ray Detector Based on 56000 Frames Per Second Readout Chip
Y. Nakaye
Rejected, Tanzania
It has been more than ten years since HPAD (Hybrid Pixel Array Detectors) had been widely utilized as X-ray diffraction and imaging detectors. Due to limitations of the fabrication process, most HPADs are made with monolithic sensor and tiled readout ICs. In conventional HPAD, there were so-called ¿inter-chip pixels¿ on the edges of readout ICs. These inter-chip pixels have 1.5 times or even wider width and/or height than non-inter-chip pixels. We have successfully dealt with this inter-chip pixel problem by use of re-distribution layer on the Silicon sensor. So, in our new detector, non-uniformity in a single sensor module is eliminated. This new detector is designed based on UFXC32k IC* designed by AGH University of Science and Technology and named XSPA Detector Series. XSPA Series are aiming not only for X-ray imaging but also for time-resolved X-ray measurements. Thanks to its high count-rate and fast operation capability combined with our high data throughput backend circuits, XSPA Series are capable of up to 56 kfps full-frame operation. We are working on beam position and intensity monitor based on the XSPA Series. Results from its preliminary tests will be presented. * P. Grybos et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 63, no. 2, Apr. 2016. ** Y. Nakaye, et al., J. Synchrotron Rad. vol. 28, Mar. 2021. *** Q. Zhang et al., J. Synchrotron Rad., vol. 25, Jun. 2018.
LCLS-II Timing System and Synchronous Bunch Data Acquisition
453
C. Bianchini Mattison, K.H. Kim, P. Krejcik, M. Weaver, S. Zelazny
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
The new timing system for the LCLS-II SC linac and FEL meets the challenging requirements for delivering multiple interleaved timing patterns to a number of different destinations at rates up to 1 MHz. The timing patterns also carry information on bunch charge and beam energy to prevent inadvertent selection of beam dumps beyond their rated beam power. Beamline instruments are equipped with a timing receiver that performs bunch-by-bunch synchronous data acquisition based on the timing pattern for that location. Data is buffered in on-board memory for up to 106 machine pulses (1 second at 1 MHz). The large data volume can be locally processed and and analysed before transmission to clients on the network. Commissioning and experience with the new system will be presented.
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A Novel Cavity BPM Electronics for SHINE Based on RF Direct Sampling and Processing
458
L.W. Lai, S.S. Cao, X.Q. Liu, Y.M. Zhou
SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
J. Chen
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
R. Meng
SINAP, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Funding:Work supported by The National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12175293). Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (Grant No. 2019290) A RF direct sampling beam signal processor has been developed in SSRF. It mainly consists of four channels RF direct sampling ADCs and a SoC FPGA. The ADC is 9GHz bandwidth and 2.6GHz sampling rate. A prototype of RF module contains band pass filter, low noise ampli-fier and step attenuator has been designed for SHINE cavity BPM system. Then a novel cavity BPM electronic including the processor and the RF module has been built for SHINE. The performance of the electronic has been analyzed and evaluated in lab. The amplitude relative error is 2.0×10-4,which is better than the required 1×10-3 on cavity BPM system. The phase error is 14fs, also bet-ter than the requirement of RF BAM system. The algorithm and the implementation in FPGA have been introduced. Corresponding author: lailw@sari.ac.cn
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The Development of a 128-Channel Ultra-Low Noise Trans-Impedance Amplifier System
W. Tian
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
A new 128-channel readout electronics system is designed for the bunch-by-bunch profile measurement of High-Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), and Booster Ring (BRing). This system consists of 128 ultra-low noise analog front-ends (AFE), 16 8-channel 60 Msps simultaneous sampling analog-digital conversions (ADC), 8 Kintex-7 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and a Zynq FPGA. It is capable of monitoring weak current signals of 25 pA¿1.8 ¿A. The Kintex-7 FPGA is an intermediate buffer stage, designed to decode the ADC’s serial output data, and to perform digital signal processing algorithms. Finally, the Zynq FPGA performs data aggregation, beam profile fitting, and data interaction with the host computer. During offline tests, the effective number of bits (ENOB) is better than 12 bits, and the nonlinearity is less than 0.2% on a full scale. Finally, the system is deployed for the beam profile measurement. The obtained peak value shows a good proportionality with the beam intensity increment, and all the electronics’ properties achieve reasonable and excellent performance.
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