ECRIS-2014 - List of Keywords (plasma)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOOMMH03	First Results At 24 GHz With The Superconducting Source For Ions (SuSI)	ion, ion-source, injection, operation	1
	G. Machicoane, D.G. Cole, D.E. Neben, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Holland, D. Leitner, D. Morris FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The superconducting ECR ion source SuSI at Michigan State University was designed to operate primarily at 18GHz and has demonstrated very good performance at this frequency especially when coupling two klystrons to the plasma [1]. Following a period of training, SuSI has been able to reach the magnetic field needed for operation in the high-B mode at 24 GHz. SuSI has several interesting features. First the axial magnetic profile is defined using 6 solenoids which provide some flexibility to adjust parameters such as field gradient at the resonance, Bminimum or plasma length. Second with a diameter of only 101mm, SuSI plasma chamber has a nominal volume of about 3.5 l. Therefore, power density in excess of 2kW/l could be reach and lead potentially to new insight on the maximum performance achievable with an ECR. In January 2014, a 10 kW 24 GHz Gyrotron obtained from the Russian company GYCOM was commissioned at MSU on a dummy load and then connected to SuSI. We report here on the first measurements done with SuSI at 24 GHz. * L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos., ECRIS 2010 (MOCOAK02)
	Slides MOOMMH03 [3.591 MB]

MOOBMH01	Periodic Beam Burrent Oscillations Driven By Electron Cyclotron Instabilities In ECRIS Plasmas	electron, ion, cyclotron, ECRIS	5
	O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, J.P.O. Komppula, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Experimental observation of cyclotron instabilities in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma operated in cw-mode is reported. The instabilities are associated with strong microwave emission and a burst of energetic electrons escaping the plasma, and explain the periodic oscillations of the extracted beam currents. The instabilities are shown to restrict the parameter space available for the optimization of high charge state ion currents.
	Slides MOOBMH01 [2.020 MB]

MOOBMH03	Frequency Tuning Effect On The Bremsstrahlung Spectra, Beam Intensity And Shape In An ECR Ion Source	ECR, electron, cavity, ion	15
	G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, N. Kumar, K. Mal, Y. Mathur IUAC, New Delhi, India A. Roy VECC, Kolkata, India
	The effect of the frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape in the 10 GHz, Nanogan ECR ion source have been investigated. The main aim of this work was to study the effect on a lower frequency type of ECR source where the separation between various modes in the cavity is much larger. The warm and cold components of the electrons were observed to be directly correlated with the beam intensity enhancement in the case of Ar⁹⁺ but not so for O⁵⁺. However, the warm electron component was much smaller than the cold component. The beam shapes of O⁵⁺ measured as a function of frequency showed a strong variation without hollow beam formation. Due to the use of an octupole magnetic structure in the Nanogan ECR source, the quadrupolar structure of the ECR surface is modified with the frequency tuning. In general, we have observed a strong absorption of microwave power at various frequencies whenever the reflection co-efficient showed a minimum value and the effect was seen stronger for the higher charge states. Details of the measurements carried out on the bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape are presented together with the results of simulations. * Effect of frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity, and shape in the 10 GHz NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A944 (2014)
	Slides MOOBMH03 [23.075 MB]

MOOBMH04	Emission Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Plasma Inside 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at PKU	electron, ion, ion-source, ECR	20
	Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11175009 and 91126004). The 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PMECR) at Peking University (PKU) can produce 100 mA H⁺, 40 mA H²⁺ and 20 mA H³⁺ under different conditions, but the physics processes and plasma characteristics within the discharge chamber are not very clear until now. Langmuir probe, laser detachment, absorption spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy are common approaches for diagnosing the plasma. Among those methods, optical emission spectroscopy is a simple in situ one without disturbing the plasma. To better understand the plasma producing processes, a new ion source with transparent quartz discharge chamber was designed at PKU so that plasma diagnostic can be performed through directly detecting the light generated within ECR zone by fiber optics. Collisional radiative (CR) model is utilized to calculate plasma parameters like electron density ne and electron temperature Te for non-equilibrium plasma in ECR ion source. The spectroscopy diagnosis platform has been constructed, and preliminary results will be presented in this paper. *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.
	Slides MOOBMH04 [2.330 MB]

MOOAMH02	High Current Proton and Deuteron Beams for Accelerators and Neutron Generators	neutron, ion, target, experiment	30
	V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland A.V. Maslennikova, A. Volovecky Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	This paper presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 at the Institute of Applied Physics. In this experimental setup the plasma is created by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining higher density hydrogen plasma in comparison to conventional ECRIS's or microwave sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce proton beams with low emittance. Latest experiments with hydrogen and deuterium show possibility of beam formation with currents up to 550 mA at high voltages below 45 kV with normalized rms emittance lower than 0.2 pimmmrad. Such beams have a high potential for application in future accelerator research. Also in frames of the present paper it is suggested to use such an ion source in a scheme of D-D neutron generator. Such ion source can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm². Generation of the neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8*10¹⁰ s⁻¹cm^-2 could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV.
	Slides MOOAMH02 [1.961 MB]

MOOAMH05	Combination of Two ECRIS Calculations: Plasma Electrons and Extracted Ions	electron, ion, emittance, simulation	38
	S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, B.R. Schlei, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In strongly magnetized ECRIS plasmas collisions do not influence the path of the charged particle. Electrons and ions can move more freely only along the magnetic field line compared to the transverse direction. Extraction simulation requires that the trajectories of charged particles have to be traced through the plasma chamber. In previous simulations the particle density at the beginning of the trajectory deep inside the plasma has been unknown. Now the full 3D electron tracking within the plasma chamber has been combined with the generation of initial ion starting conditions including particle density for ion tracking. The TrapCAD code has been used to determine the electron spatial distribution in a certain energy window. The idea is that at the places where the electron reaches a specific energy, an ion trajectory can be started. The magnetic field has been modeled with OPERA. The computer code KOBRA3-INP has been used for ray tracing. First results will be discussed and compared with experimental experience. The number of affecting parameters on the operating conditions of the ion source may lead to a multi-dimensional optimization space for simulation.
	Slides MOOAMH05 [10.655 MB]

MOPPH016	Modernization of the mVINIS Ion Source	ion, injection, ion-source, extraction	68
	V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D. Ciric, A.S. Dobrosavljevic, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajic, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljevic VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	The mVINIS ECR ion source was designed and constructed jointly by the team of specialists from FLNR JINR, Dubna and Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute, Belgrade. It was commissioned and put in operation in 1998. From that time it was widely used in the field of modification of materials by different kinds of multiply charged ions. Recently we decided to modernize mVINIS in order to improve its operation reliability. Our main goal was to refurbish its major components (vacuum pumps, microwave generator, control system etc.). Besides, we decided to enhance basic construction of the ECR ion source in order to improve the production of multiply charged ion beams from gaseous and solid elements. We changed the shape of the plasma chamber and consequently reconstructed the magnetic structure. Also we improved the construction of the injection chamber. All these improvements resulted in substantial increase of ion beam intensities, especially in the case of high charge state ions.

MOPPH018	A Microwave Ion Source for Pulsed Proton Beam Production at ESS-Bilbao	extraction, proton, solenoid, ion	75
	R. Miracoli, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, P. Echevarria, M. Eguiraun, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, Z. Izaola, L. Muguira, I. Rueda ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP) is a 2.7 GHz microwave discharge installed at ESS Bilbao in Spain. This source will be employed in future application of high proton current in the field of research projects and for industrial processes. ISHP produces over 30 mA of pulsed proton beam by operating at 2.7 GHz. The magnetic field is produced by two independently movable coil pair and the extraction system is composed of a plasma electrode at high voltage platform potential, two ground electrodes, and a negatively biased screening electrode inserted between the ground electrodes. The last three electrodes are contained in the extraction column, and can be moved as a group by stepper motors, to change the distance between the plasma electrode and first ground electrode. Measurements with different extraction system setups will be described to show the improvement of the beam intensity and beam emittance.

MOPPH019	Metallic Beam Development with an ECR Ion Source at Michigan State University (MSU)	ion, ECR, ion-source, cyclotron	79
	D.E. Neben, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Supported by Michigan State University, National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1102511 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources have been used at MSU to provide metal ion beams to the coupled cyclotron facility (CCF), and in the future, for The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The challenges of metallic beam production with ECR are in production, efficiency, stability and contamination. Future facilities such as FRIB will add the challenge of intensity. We report development of two rare earth metals and the conversion from the oxidized state into metal. The enriched isotopes of 144 Sm, and 176 Yb are commonly available in the sesquioxide form which is unsuitable for use in our standard ovens. We report here results from the off-line chemical reduction of samarium, and ytterbium oxides into metal. We were able to demonstrate efficiencies of up to 90 % throughout the conversion process. The samples were then run on our ECR ion sources to confirm the products of the reduction. In addition we report the development of cadmium metal by passing vapor though over 3/4 m of heated stainless steel tubing and observed 4.3 euA of Cd 20+ with an average consumption of 1 mg/hr.

TUOMMH01	Improvement of Beam Intensities for Ion Beams with Charge-to-Mass Ratio of 1/3 with Two-Frequency Heating Technique	ion, extraction, ECRIS, experiment	83
	A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T.F. Fujita, M. Muramatsu National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan K. Fukushima, N. Sasaki, K. Takahashi, W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
	Facilities of heavy ion radiotherapy use carbon ions due to its better biological dose distributions. The necessary energy is over 400MeV/u. A typical accelerator system consisits of a synchrotron and an injector. ECR ion sources have been developed and utilized to produce C⁴⁺ ions. On the other hand, in order to study basic biological researches with a such facility, there are occasionally requirements to produce other ion species like Ar or Fe. Since the injector design is fixed for the acceleration of ions with a charge-to-mass ratio of about 1/3, the ion source must produce Ar¹³⁺ and Fe¹⁹⁺. As a method to improve highly-charged ion production, the technique to feed multiple microwaves with different frequencies is well-known. Our group studied the improvements when the two frequencies are close together each with a power of more than 1kW using the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECR ion source installed in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC. Fe and Ni are interesting for a risk study in space environment. We combined the MIVOC method and the two-frequency heating technique for the production of Fe and Ni. The recent test results will be reported.
	Slides TUOMMH01 [2.651 MB]

TUOMMH02	ECR Ion Source Developments at INFN-LNS	ion, ion-source, proton, cyclotron	87
	L. Celona, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Ciavola CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G. Torrisi Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
	At INFN-LNS, ECRIS development during the ‘90s boosted the K-800 Cyclotron performances: SERSE and CAESAR have then well supported Nuclear Physics research. For the new needs of the laboratory, further improvements are required and here described. Activities recently started aimed to the production of multicharged ion beams and to the production of intense light ion beams. Technological developments led the AISHa source design, now under construction, in order to adapt a high performance ECR ion source to hospital facilities needing multiply charged ion production with high reliability and brightness, easy operations and maintenance. The realization of the 75kV-70mA proton source, called PS-ESS, and of its LEBT for the forthcoming European Spallation Source in Sweden is one of the major engagements of the INFN-LNS. Other activities are ongoing on high charge state and high intensity beam production: a major update is going to be finalized on SERSE cryogenic system; at Vancouver, the VIS source is used for producing multi-mA beams of H²⁺ for a high-current cyclotron; a new flexible plasma trap is under test for fundamental research about innovative plasma heating methods.
	Slides TUOMMH02 [11.330 MB]

TUOMMH03	Status Report of SECRAL II Ion Source Development	ion, ion-source, sextupole, ECR	94
	L.T. Sun, M.Z. Guan, Q. Hu, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, E.M. Mei, D.S. Ni, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, T.J. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China Y. Yang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the 100 Talents Program of the CAS (No. Y214160BR0), NSF (contract No. 11221064) and MOST (contract No. 2014CB845500). For a new injector linac project launched at IMP, a superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL II is now under construction. This ion source is a duplicated one of SECRAL I which is operated routinely for HIRFL facility at the frequency of 18-24 GHz. SECRAL II is designed to be operated at the frequency of 28 GHz, which needs slightly higher radial field at the plasma chamber wall. The fabrication of the cold mass was started at early 2013, and it has been completed in May 2014. The engineering design of the whole superconducting magnet has also been finished and ready for fabrication. After a brief introduction of the recent results obtained with SECRAL I ion source, this paper will present the cold mass test results and the cryogenic system design of SECRAL II magnet. The test bench design will be also discussed.
	Slides TUOMMH03 [3.782 MB]

TUOMMH05	HIISI, New 18 GHz ECRIS for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory	sextupole, permanent-magnet, ion, ion-source	99
	H. A. Koivisto, P. M.T. Heikkinen, T. Kalvas, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia G. Machicoane NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France D. Xie LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	At the end of 2013 the Academy of Finland granted an infrastructure funding for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory in order to increase beam intensities for the international user community. The primary objective is to construct a new high performance ECR ion source, HIISI (Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector), for the K130 cyclotron. Using room temperature magnets the HIISI has been designed to produce about the same magnetic field configuration as the superconducting ECRIS SUSI at NSCL/MSU for 18 GHz operation. An innovative structure will be used to maximize the radial confinement and safety of the permanent magnets. The sextupole magnets are separated and insulated from the plasma chamber providing two advantages: 1) the permanent magnets can be cooled down to -20˚C, which increases especially their coercivity and 2) makes it possible to reach higher radial field at the inner surface of plasma chamber. Comprehensive simulations were performed with microwave power up to 6 kW to analyse and address all the heat loads and temperature distribution on the permanent magnet. In this article the magnetic field design and detailed innovative scheme for sextupole magnet will be presented.
	Slides TUOMMH05 [2.150 MB]

WEOMMH01	The Installation of the 28GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source At KBSI	ion, ECR, ion-source, superconducting-magnet	104
	M. Won, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J.B. Bhang Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	In 2009, a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was developed to produce high currents, diverse heavy ion charge state for the compact heavy ion linear accelerator at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The aim of this study was to generate a high current, and fast neutrons for interacting a heavy ion with the proton target. The fabrication of the key parts, which are the superconducting magnet system with the liquid helium re-condensed cryostat, the 10 kW high-power microwave considering for optimum operation at the 28 GHz ECR Ion Source, were completed in 2013. The waveguide components were connected with a plasma chamber including a gas supply system. The plasma chamber and ion beam extraction were inserted into the warm bore of superconducting magnet. In this paper, we present the current status of the installation of an ECR ion source and report on the test results for ECR plasma ignition.
	Slides WEOMMH01 [5.460 MB]

WEOMMH04	Thermal Design of Refridgerated Hexapole 18 GHz ECRIS HIISI	electron, simulation, ECRIS, permanent-magnet	114
	T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	A project is underway for constructing a new 18 GHz ECR ion source HIISI at University of Jyväskylä. An innovative plasma chamber structure with grooves at magnetic poles is being studied. This allows large chamber radius at the poles, which is relevant for the performance of the ion source while smaller radius between the poles makes space for chamber water cooling. The hexapole will be refridgerated to sub-zero temperatures to boost the coercivity and the remanence of the permanent magnet material. The hexapole structure is insulated from high temperature solenoid coils and plasma chamber by vacuum. The thermal design of the structure has been made using a thermal diffusion code taking in account radiative, conductive and convective heat transfer processes. The heat flux from plasma has been estimated using electron trajectory simulations with sensitivity analysis on the electron energy distribution. The electron simulations are verified by comparing to experimental data from 14 GHz ECR. The electron and thermodynamic simulation efforts are presented together with an analysis of the H-field vs. coersivity in the permanent magnets.
	Slides WEOMMH04 [5.163 MB]

WEOBMH01	Experimental Activities with the LPSC Charge Breeder in the European Context	ion, injection, ECR, ECRIS	120
	T. Lamy, J. Angot, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J. Choinski, L. Standylo HIL, Warsaw, Poland P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland G. Patti INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	Funding: NuPNET project (Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL) One of the Work Packages of the "Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL" NuPNET project focuses on the ECR charge breeding. The LPSC charge breeder is used for experimental studies in order to better understand the fundamental processes involved in the 1+ beam capture by a 14 GHz ECR plasma. Some improvements, like symmetrisation of the magnetic field at the injection side and higher pumping speed, have been carried out on the PHOENIX charge breeder. The impact of these modifications on the efficiencies and charge breeding times are presented. In the same time, the new LPSC 1+ source developments performed in order to ease the efficiency measurements with various elements are presented.
	Slides WEOBMH01 [4.982 MB]

THOMMH01	Boron Ion Beam Production with the Supernanogan ECR Ion Source for the CERN BIO-LEIR Facility	ion, ion-source, ECR, operation	132
	J.T. Stafford-Haworth, D. Küchler, V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany
	To deliver B³⁺ ions for medical research the compounds decaborane and m-carborane were tested using the metal ions from volatile compounds (MIVOC) method with the Supernanogan 14.5 GHz ECR ion source. Using decaborane the source delivered less than 10 uA intensity of B³⁺ and after operation large deposits of material were found inside the source. Using m-carborane 50 uA of B³⁺ were delivered without support gas. For both compounds Helium and Oxygen support gasses were also tested, and the effects of different source tuning parameters are discussed. The average consumption of m-Carborane was 0.1 mg/uAh over all operation.
	Slides THOMMH01 [2.223 MB]

THOMMH02	Application of an ECR Ion Source for Ionic Functionalization of Implant Materials on the Nanoscale	ion, ion-source, ECR, target	135
	R. Rácz, S. Biri, A. Csik, P. Hajdu, K. Vad ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary J. Bakó, I. Csarnovics, Cs. Hegedűs, V. Hegedűs, S. Kokenyesi, J. Pálinkás, T. Radics University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
	Surface modification by variously charged heavy ions plays an increasingly important role since functionalization of surfaces and/or deeper layers at micro- and nanoscopic scale can be biologically useful for materials of medical implants. The functionalized surfaces have a huge potential in the field of nanotechnology, sensor devices as well. Our group explores the physical and biological effect of such treatments. In the recent phase of the research work the implantation of titanium and zirconium-dioxide samples by calcium, gold and silicon ions is required. The 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) of Atomki - a classical room-temperature ion source - was used in this study as an ion implanter to deliver low energy particles from wide range of elements. A new vacuum chamber and a sample holder for effective irradiation and the production of the beam itself were developed. The technical details of the irradiation and the first result of the physical investigations are described in this paper.
	Slides THOMMH02 [1.769 MB]

THOMMH03	A Point-like Source of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Based on Non-equilibrium Discharge, Sustained by Powerful Radiation of Terahertz Gyrotron	radiation, ion, vacuum, experiment	140
	V. Sidorov, M.Yu. Glyavin, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, A.G. Litvak, G. Luchinin, D. Mansfeld, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, A. Vodopyanov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: The work was supported by RSF within grant No 14-12-00609. It is proposed in this paper to use discharge plasma supported by terahertz radiation as a source of EUV light for high-resolution lithography. In this report we discuss the experimental investigation of two types of EUV sources based on discharge, supported by powerful gyrotron radiation. Following investigation results are described: -a series of experiments that demonstrate the generation of EUV light from the vacuum-arc discharge plasma in tin vapor in the magnetic trap heated by gyrotron radiation with a frequency of 75 GHz under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions; -a numerical modeling of the plasma emissivity in the EUV range, depending on the parameters of the heating radiation is performed; -experimental studies of EUV emission from plasma discharge sustained by strong terahertz powerful radiation in inhomogeneous gas flows are started.
	Slides THOMMH03 [1.249 MB]

THOBMH01	Closing Remarks for ECRIS'14	ion, ECRIS, ECR, ion-source	144
	T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	A scientific overview of the ECRIS14 workshop is proposed in this paper. The workshop content demonstrated that the ECR community is still very active and that research is of high interest for future accelerator projects. A selection of new results and development presented during the workshop is proposed.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOOMMH03

First Results At 24 GHz With The Superconducting Source For Ions (SuSI)

ion, ion-source, injection, operation

1

G. Machicoane, D.G. Cole, D.E. Neben, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Holland, D. Leitner, D. Morris
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The superconducting ECR ion source SuSI at Michigan State University was designed to operate primarily at 18GHz and has demonstrated very good performance at this frequency especially when coupling two klystrons to the plasma [1]. Following a period of training, SuSI has been able to reach the magnetic field needed for operation in the high-B mode at 24 GHz. SuSI has several interesting features. First the axial magnetic profile is defined using 6 solenoids which provide some flexibility to adjust parameters such as field gradient at the resonance, Bminimum or plasma length. Second with a diameter of only 101mm, SuSI plasma chamber has a nominal volume of about 3.5 l. Therefore, power density in excess of 2kW/l could be reach and lead potentially to new insight on the maximum performance achievable with an ECR. In January 2014, a 10 kW 24 GHz Gyrotron obtained from the Russian company GYCOM was commissioned at MSU on a dummy load and then connected to SuSI. We report here on the first measurements done with SuSI at 24 GHz.
* L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos., ECRIS 2010 (MOCOAK02)

Slides MOOMMH03 [3.591 MB]

MOOBMH01

Periodic Beam Burrent Oscillations Driven By Electron Cyclotron Instabilities In ECRIS Plasmas

electron, ion, cyclotron, ECRIS

5

O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, J.P.O. Komppula, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Experimental observation of cyclotron instabilities in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma operated in cw-mode is reported. The instabilities are associated with strong microwave emission and a burst of energetic electrons escaping the plasma, and explain the periodic oscillations of the extracted beam currents. The instabilities are shown to restrict the parameter space available for the optimization of high charge state ion currents.

Slides MOOBMH01 [2.020 MB]

MOOBMH03

Frequency Tuning Effect On The Bremsstrahlung Spectra, Beam Intensity And Shape In An ECR Ion Source

ECR, electron, cavity, ion

15

G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, N. Kumar, K. Mal, Y. Mathur
IUAC, New Delhi, India
A. Roy
VECC, Kolkata, India

The effect of the frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape in the 10 GHz, Nanogan ECR ion source have been investigated. The main aim of this work was to study the effect on a lower frequency type of ECR source where the separation between various modes in the cavity is much larger. The warm and cold components of the electrons were observed to be directly correlated with the beam intensity enhancement in the case of Ar⁹⁺ but not so for O⁵⁺. However, the warm electron component was much smaller than the cold component. The beam shapes of O⁵⁺ measured as a function of frequency showed a strong variation without hollow beam formation. Due to the use of an octupole magnetic structure in the Nanogan ECR source, the quadrupolar structure of the ECR surface is modified with the frequency tuning. In general, we have observed a strong absorption of microwave power at various frequencies whenever the reflection co-efficient showed a minimum value and the effect was seen stronger for the higher charge states. Details of the measurements carried out on the bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape are presented together with the results of simulations.
* Effect of frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity, and shape in the 10 GHz NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A944 (2014)

Slides MOOBMH03 [23.075 MB]

MOOBMH04

Emission Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Plasma Inside 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at PKU

electron, ion, ion-source, ECR

20

Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11175009 and 91126004).
The 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PMECR) at Peking University (PKU) can produce 100 mA H⁺, 40 mA H²⁺ and 20 mA H³⁺ under different conditions, but the physics processes and plasma characteristics within the discharge chamber are not very clear until now. Langmuir probe, laser detachment, absorption spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy are common approaches for diagnosing the plasma. Among those methods, optical emission spectroscopy is a simple in situ one without disturbing the plasma. To better understand the plasma producing processes, a new ion source with transparent quartz discharge chamber was designed at PKU so that plasma diagnostic can be performed through directly detecting the light generated within ECR zone by fiber optics. Collisional radiative (CR) model is utilized to calculate plasma parameters like electron density ne and electron temperature Te for non-equilibrium plasma in ECR ion source. The spectroscopy diagnosis platform has been constructed, and preliminary results will be presented in this paper.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail:
sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.

Slides MOOBMH04 [2.330 MB]

MOOAMH02

High Current Proton and Deuteron Beams for Accelerators and Neutron Generators

neutron, ion, target, experiment

30

V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
A.V. Maslennikova, A. Volovecky
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

This paper presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 at the Institute of Applied Physics. In this experimental setup the plasma is created by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining higher density hydrogen plasma in comparison to conventional ECRIS's or microwave sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce proton beams with low emittance. Latest experiments with hydrogen and deuterium show possibility of beam formation with currents up to 550 mA at high voltages below 45 kV with normalized rms emittance lower than 0.2 pi*mm*mrad. Such beams have a high potential for application in future accelerator research. Also in frames of the present paper it is suggested to use such an ion source in a scheme of D-D neutron generator. Such ion source can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm². Generation of the neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8*10¹⁰ s⁻¹cm^-2 could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV.

Slides MOOAMH02 [1.961 MB]

MOOAMH05

Combination of Two ECRIS Calculations: Plasma Electrons and Extracted Ions

electron, ion, emittance, simulation

38

S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, B.R. Schlei, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In strongly magnetized ECRIS plasmas collisions do not influence the path of the charged particle. Electrons and ions can move more freely only along the magnetic field line compared to the transverse direction. Extraction simulation requires that the trajectories of charged particles have to be traced through the plasma chamber. In previous simulations the particle density at the beginning of the trajectory deep inside the plasma has been unknown. Now the full 3D electron tracking within the plasma chamber has been combined with the generation of initial ion starting conditions including particle density for ion tracking. The TrapCAD code has been used to determine the electron spatial distribution in a certain energy window. The idea is that at the places where the electron reaches a specific energy, an ion trajectory can be started. The magnetic field has been modeled with OPERA. The computer code KOBRA3-INP has been used for ray tracing. First results will be discussed and compared with experimental experience. The number of affecting parameters on the operating conditions of the ion source may lead to a multi-dimensional optimization space for simulation.

Slides MOOAMH05 [10.655 MB]

MOPPH016

Modernization of the mVINIS Ion Source

ion, injection, ion-source, extraction

68

V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D. Ciric, A.S. Dobrosavljevic, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajic, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljevic
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

The mVINIS ECR ion source was designed and constructed jointly by the team of specialists from FLNR JINR, Dubna and Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute, Belgrade. It was commissioned and put in operation in 1998. From that time it was widely used in the field of modification of materials by different kinds of multiply charged ions. Recently we decided to modernize mVINIS in order to improve its operation reliability. Our main goal was to refurbish its major components (vacuum pumps, microwave generator, control system etc.). Besides, we decided to enhance basic construction of the ECR ion source in order to improve the production of multiply charged ion beams from gaseous and solid elements. We changed the shape of the plasma chamber and consequently reconstructed the magnetic structure. Also we improved the construction of the injection chamber. All these improvements resulted in substantial increase of ion beam intensities, especially in the case of high charge state ions.

MOPPH018

A Microwave Ion Source for Pulsed Proton Beam Production at ESS-Bilbao

extraction, proton, solenoid, ion

75

R. Miracoli, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, P. Echevarria, M. Eguiraun, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, Z. Izaola, L. Muguira, I. Rueda
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP) is a 2.7 GHz microwave discharge installed at ESS Bilbao in Spain. This source will be employed in future application of high proton current in the field of research projects and for industrial processes. ISHP produces over 30 mA of pulsed proton beam by operating at 2.7 GHz. The magnetic field is produced by two independently movable coil pair and the extraction system is composed of a plasma electrode at high voltage platform potential, two ground electrodes, and a negatively biased screening electrode inserted between the ground electrodes. The last three electrodes are contained in the extraction column, and can be moved as a group by stepper motors, to change the distance between the plasma electrode and first ground electrode. Measurements with different extraction system setups will be described to show the improvement of the beam intensity and beam emittance.

MOPPH019

Metallic Beam Development with an ECR Ion Source at Michigan State University (MSU)

ion, ECR, ion-source, cyclotron

79

D.E. Neben, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Supported by Michigan State University, National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1102511
Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources have been used at MSU to provide metal ion beams to the coupled cyclotron facility (CCF), and in the future, for The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The challenges of metallic beam production with ECR are in production, efficiency, stability and contamination. Future facilities such as FRIB will add the challenge of intensity. We report development of two rare earth metals and the conversion from the oxidized state into metal. The enriched isotopes of 144 Sm, and 176 Yb are commonly available in the sesquioxide form which is unsuitable for use in our standard ovens. We report here results from the off-line chemical reduction of samarium, and ytterbium oxides into metal. We were able to demonstrate efficiencies of up to 90 % throughout the conversion process. The samples were then run on our ECR ion sources to confirm the products of the reduction. In addition we report the development of cadmium metal by passing vapor though over 3/4 m of heated stainless steel tubing and observed 4.3 euA of Cd 20+ with an average consumption of 1 mg/hr.

TUOMMH01

Improvement of Beam Intensities for Ion Beams with Charge-to-Mass Ratio of 1/3 with Two-Frequency Heating Technique

ion, extraction, ECRIS, experiment

83

A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T.F. Fujita, M. Muramatsu
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
K. Fukushima, N. Sasaki, K. Takahashi, W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan

Facilities of heavy ion radiotherapy use carbon ions due to its better biological dose distributions. The necessary energy is over 400MeV/u. A typical accelerator system consisits of a synchrotron and an injector. ECR ion sources have been developed and utilized to produce C⁴⁺ ions. On the other hand, in order to study basic biological researches with a such facility, there are occasionally requirements to produce other ion species like Ar or Fe. Since the injector design is fixed for the acceleration of ions with a charge-to-mass ratio of about 1/3, the ion source must produce Ar¹³⁺ and Fe¹⁹⁺. As a method to improve highly-charged ion production, the technique to feed multiple microwaves with different frequencies is well-known. Our group studied the improvements when the two frequencies are close together each with a power of more than 1kW using the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECR ion source installed in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC. Fe and Ni are interesting for a risk study in space environment. We combined the MIVOC method and the two-frequency heating technique for the production of Fe and Ni. The recent test results will be reported.

Slides TUOMMH01 [2.651 MB]

TUOMMH02

ECR Ion Source Developments at INFN-LNS

ion, ion-source, proton, cyclotron

87

L. Celona, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Ciavola
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Torrisi
Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

At INFN-LNS, ECRIS development during the ‘90s boosted the K-800 Cyclotron performances: SERSE and CAESAR have then well supported Nuclear Physics research. For the new needs of the laboratory, further improvements are required and here described. Activities recently started aimed to the production of multicharged ion beams and to the production of intense light ion beams. Technological developments led the AISHa source design, now under construction, in order to adapt a high performance ECR ion source to hospital facilities needing multiply charged ion production with high reliability and brightness, easy operations and maintenance. The realization of the 75kV-70mA proton source, called PS-ESS, and of its LEBT for the forthcoming European Spallation Source in Sweden is one of the major engagements of the INFN-LNS. Other activities are ongoing on high charge state and high intensity beam production: a major update is going to be finalized on SERSE cryogenic system; at Vancouver, the VIS source is used for producing multi-mA beams of H²⁺ for a high-current cyclotron; a new flexible plasma trap is under test for fundamental research about innovative plasma heating methods.

Slides TUOMMH02 [11.330 MB]

TUOMMH03

Status Report of SECRAL II Ion Source Development

ion, ion-source, sextupole, ECR

94

L.T. Sun, M.Z. Guan, Q. Hu, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, E.M. Mei, D.S. Ni, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, T.J. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
Y. Yang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the 100 Talents Program of the CAS (No. Y214160BR0), NSF (contract No. 11221064) and MOST (contract No. 2014CB845500).
For a new injector linac project launched at IMP, a superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL II is now under construction. This ion source is a duplicated one of SECRAL I which is operated routinely for HIRFL facility at the frequency of 18-24 GHz. SECRAL II is designed to be operated at the frequency of 28 GHz, which needs slightly higher radial field at the plasma chamber wall. The fabrication of the cold mass was started at early 2013, and it has been completed in May 2014. The engineering design of the whole superconducting magnet has also been finished and ready for fabrication. After a brief introduction of the recent results obtained with SECRAL I ion source, this paper will present the cold mass test results and the cryogenic system design of SECRAL II magnet. The test bench design will be also discussed.

Slides TUOMMH03 [3.782 MB]

TUOMMH05

HIISI, New 18 GHz ECRIS for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory

sextupole, permanent-magnet, ion, ion-source

99

H. A. Koivisto, P. M.T. Heikkinen, T. Kalvas, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
G. Machicoane
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
D. Xie
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

At the end of 2013 the Academy of Finland granted an infrastructure funding for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory in order to increase beam intensities for the international user community. The primary objective is to construct a new high performance ECR ion source, HIISI (Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector), for the K130 cyclotron. Using room temperature magnets the HIISI has been designed to produce about the same magnetic field configuration as the superconducting ECRIS SUSI at NSCL/MSU for 18 GHz operation. An innovative structure will be used to maximize the radial confinement and safety of the permanent magnets. The sextupole magnets are separated and insulated from the plasma chamber providing two advantages: 1) the permanent magnets can be cooled down to -20˚C, which increases especially their coercivity and 2) makes it possible to reach higher radial field at the inner surface of plasma chamber. Comprehensive simulations were performed with microwave power up to 6 kW to analyse and address all the heat loads and temperature distribution on the permanent magnet. In this article the magnetic field design and detailed innovative scheme for sextupole magnet will be presented.

Slides TUOMMH05 [2.150 MB]

WEOMMH01

The Installation of the 28GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source At KBSI

ion, ECR, ion-source, superconducting-magnet

104

M. Won, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J.B. Bhang
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

In 2009, a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was developed to produce high currents, diverse heavy ion charge state for the compact heavy ion linear accelerator at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The aim of this study was to generate a high current, and fast neutrons for interacting a heavy ion with the proton target. The fabrication of the key parts, which are the superconducting magnet system with the liquid helium re-condensed cryostat, the 10 kW high-power microwave considering for optimum operation at the 28 GHz ECR Ion Source, were completed in 2013. The waveguide components were connected with a plasma chamber including a gas supply system. The plasma chamber and ion beam extraction were inserted into the warm bore of superconducting magnet. In this paper, we present the current status of the installation of an ECR ion source and report on the test results for ECR plasma ignition.

Slides WEOMMH01 [5.460 MB]

WEOMMH04

Thermal Design of Refridgerated Hexapole 18 GHz ECRIS HIISI

electron, simulation, ECRIS, permanent-magnet

114

T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

A project is underway for constructing a new 18 GHz ECR ion source HIISI at University of Jyväskylä. An innovative plasma chamber structure with grooves at magnetic poles is being studied. This allows large chamber radius at the poles, which is relevant for the performance of the ion source while smaller radius between the poles makes space for chamber water cooling. The hexapole will be refridgerated to sub-zero temperatures to boost the coercivity and the remanence of the permanent magnet material. The hexapole structure is insulated from high temperature solenoid coils and plasma chamber by vacuum. The thermal design of the structure has been made using a thermal diffusion code taking in account radiative, conductive and convective heat transfer processes. The heat flux from plasma has been estimated using electron trajectory simulations with sensitivity analysis on the electron energy distribution. The electron simulations are verified by comparing to experimental data from 14 GHz ECR. The electron and thermodynamic simulation efforts are presented together with an analysis of the H-field vs. coersivity in the permanent magnets.

Slides WEOMMH04 [5.163 MB]

WEOBMH01

Experimental Activities with the LPSC Charge Breeder in the European Context

ion, injection, ECR, ECRIS

120

T. Lamy, J. Angot, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J. Choinski, L. Standylo
HIL, Warsaw, Poland
P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
G. Patti
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

Funding: NuPNET project (Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL)
One of the Work Packages of the "Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL" NuPNET project focuses on the ECR charge breeding. The LPSC charge breeder is used for experimental studies in order to better understand the fundamental processes involved in the 1+ beam capture by a 14 GHz ECR plasma. Some improvements, like symmetrisation of the magnetic field at the injection side and higher pumping speed, have been carried out on the PHOENIX charge breeder. The impact of these modifications on the efficiencies and charge breeding times are presented. In the same time, the new LPSC 1+ source developments performed in order to ease the efficiency measurements with various elements are presented.

Slides WEOBMH01 [4.982 MB]

THOMMH01

Boron Ion Beam Production with the Supernanogan ECR Ion Source for the CERN BIO-LEIR Facility

ion, ion-source, ECR, operation

132

J.T. Stafford-Haworth, D. Küchler, V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany

To deliver B³⁺ ions for medical research the compounds decaborane and m-carborane were tested using the metal ions from volatile compounds (MIVOC) method with the Supernanogan 14.5 GHz ECR ion source. Using decaborane the source delivered less than 10 uA intensity of B³⁺ and after operation large deposits of material were found inside the source. Using m-carborane 50 uA of B³⁺ were delivered without support gas. For both compounds Helium and Oxygen support gasses were also tested, and the effects of different source tuning parameters are discussed. The average consumption of m-Carborane was 0.1 mg/uAh over all operation.

Slides THOMMH01 [2.223 MB]

THOMMH02

Application of an ECR Ion Source for Ionic Functionalization of Implant Materials on the Nanoscale

ion, ion-source, ECR, target

135

R. Rácz, S. Biri, A. Csik, P. Hajdu, K. Vad
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
J. Bakó, I. Csarnovics, Cs. Hegedűs, V. Hegedűs, S. Kokenyesi, J. Pálinkás, T. Radics
University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Surface modification by variously charged heavy ions plays an increasingly important role since functionalization of surfaces and/or deeper layers at micro- and nanoscopic scale can be biologically useful for materials of medical implants. The functionalized surfaces have a huge potential in the field of nanotechnology, sensor devices as well. Our group explores the physical and biological effect of such treatments. In the recent phase of the research work the implantation of titanium and zirconium-dioxide samples by calcium, gold and silicon ions is required. The 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) of Atomki - a classical room-temperature ion source - was used in this study as an ion implanter to deliver low energy particles from wide range of elements. A new vacuum chamber and a sample holder for effective irradiation and the production of the beam itself were developed. The technical details of the irradiation and the first result of the physical investigations are described in this paper.

Slides THOMMH02 [1.769 MB]

THOMMH03

A Point-like Source of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Based on Non-equilibrium Discharge, Sustained by Powerful Radiation of Terahertz Gyrotron

radiation, ion, vacuum, experiment

140

V. Sidorov, M.Yu. Glyavin, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, A.G. Litvak, G. Luchinin, D. Mansfeld, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, A. Vodopyanov
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: The work was supported by RSF within grant No 14-12-00609.
It is proposed in this paper to use discharge plasma supported by terahertz radiation as a source of EUV light for high-resolution lithography. In this report we discuss the experimental investigation of two types of EUV sources based on discharge, supported by powerful gyrotron radiation. Following investigation results are described: -a series of experiments that demonstrate the generation of EUV light from the vacuum-arc discharge plasma in tin vapor in the magnetic trap heated by gyrotron radiation with a frequency of 75 GHz under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions; -a numerical modeling of the plasma emissivity in the EUV range, depending on the parameters of the heating radiation is performed; -experimental studies of EUV emission from plasma discharge sustained by strong terahertz powerful radiation in inhomogeneous gas flows are started.

Slides THOMMH03 [1.249 MB]

THOBMH01

Closing Remarks for ECRIS'14

ion, ECRIS, ECR, ion-source

144

T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

A scientific overview of the ECRIS14 workshop is proposed in this paper. The workshop content demonstrated that the ECR community is still very active and that research is of high interest for future accelerator projects. A selection of new results and development presented during the workshop is proposed.