ECRIS-2014 - List of Keywords (ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOOMMH03	First Results At 24 GHz With The Superconducting Source For Ions (SuSI)	ion-source, injection, plasma, operation	1
	G. Machicoane, D.G. Cole, D.E. Neben, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Holland, D. Leitner, D. Morris FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The superconducting ECR ion source SuSI at Michigan State University was designed to operate primarily at 18GHz and has demonstrated very good performance at this frequency especially when coupling two klystrons to the plasma [1]. Following a period of training, SuSI has been able to reach the magnetic field needed for operation in the high-B mode at 24 GHz. SuSI has several interesting features. First the axial magnetic profile is defined using 6 solenoids which provide some flexibility to adjust parameters such as field gradient at the resonance, Bminimum or plasma length. Second with a diameter of only 101mm, SuSI plasma chamber has a nominal volume of about 3.5 l. Therefore, power density in excess of 2kW/l could be reach and lead potentially to new insight on the maximum performance achievable with an ECR. In January 2014, a 10 kW 24 GHz Gyrotron obtained from the Russian company GYCOM was commissioned at MSU on a dummy load and then connected to SuSI. We report here on the first measurements done with SuSI at 24 GHz. * L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos., ECRIS 2010 (MOCOAK02)
	Slides MOOMMH03 [3.591 MB]

MOOBMH01	Periodic Beam Burrent Oscillations Driven By Electron Cyclotron Instabilities In ECRIS Plasmas	plasma, electron, cyclotron, ECRIS	5
	O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, J.P.O. Komppula, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Experimental observation of cyclotron instabilities in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma operated in cw-mode is reported. The instabilities are associated with strong microwave emission and a burst of energetic electrons escaping the plasma, and explain the periodic oscillations of the extracted beam currents. The instabilities are shown to restrict the parameter space available for the optimization of high charge state ion currents.
	Slides MOOBMH01 [2.020 MB]

MOOBMH02	Emittance Measurements For RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS	emittance, extraction, ion-source, experiment	10
	Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In 2013, the intense beams of highly charged uranium ion (180euA of U³⁵⁺, 230euA of U³³⁺) were extracted from RIKEN SC-ECRIS. Following the success, intense beam of U³⁵⁺ ions was used for the RIBF experiment for 24 days without break. It is obvious that production of high-quality beam (smaller emittacne and good stability etc) is also important for RIKEN radio isotope beam factory (RIBF) project. For this reason, in 2014, we systematically measured the emittance and beam intensity of the highly charged uranium ions under various conditions (magnetic field configuration, extracted beam intensity, beam stability etc) to search the optimum condition. In these experiments, we observed that the emittnce size is strongly dependent on the magnetic field configuration, especially Bext. In this contribution, we present the effect of the various parameters (magnetic field configuration, extracted beam intensity, beam stability etc) of the SC-ECRIS on the beam intensity and emittance. We also discuss its mechanism in detail.
	Slides MOOBMH02 [2.472 MB]

MOOBMH03	Frequency Tuning Effect On The Bremsstrahlung Spectra, Beam Intensity And Shape In An ECR Ion Source	ECR, electron, cavity, plasma	15
	G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, N. Kumar, K. Mal, Y. Mathur IUAC, New Delhi, India A. Roy VECC, Kolkata, India
	The effect of the frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape in the 10 GHz, Nanogan ECR ion source have been investigated. The main aim of this work was to study the effect on a lower frequency type of ECR source where the separation between various modes in the cavity is much larger. The warm and cold components of the electrons were observed to be directly correlated with the beam intensity enhancement in the case of Ar⁹⁺ but not so for O⁵⁺. However, the warm electron component was much smaller than the cold component. The beam shapes of O⁵⁺ measured as a function of frequency showed a strong variation without hollow beam formation. Due to the use of an octupole magnetic structure in the Nanogan ECR source, the quadrupolar structure of the ECR surface is modified with the frequency tuning. In general, we have observed a strong absorption of microwave power at various frequencies whenever the reflection co-efficient showed a minimum value and the effect was seen stronger for the higher charge states. Details of the measurements carried out on the bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape are presented together with the results of simulations. * Effect of frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity, and shape in the 10 GHz NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A944 (2014)
	Slides MOOBMH03 [23.075 MB]

MOOBMH04	Emission Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Plasma Inside 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at PKU	plasma, electron, ion-source, ECR	20
	Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11175009 and 91126004). The 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PMECR) at Peking University (PKU) can produce 100 mA H⁺, 40 mA H²⁺ and 20 mA H³⁺ under different conditions, but the physics processes and plasma characteristics within the discharge chamber are not very clear until now. Langmuir probe, laser detachment, absorption spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy are common approaches for diagnosing the plasma. Among those methods, optical emission spectroscopy is a simple in situ one without disturbing the plasma. To better understand the plasma producing processes, a new ion source with transparent quartz discharge chamber was designed at PKU so that plasma diagnostic can be performed through directly detecting the light generated within ECR zone by fiber optics. Collisional radiative (CR) model is utilized to calculate plasma parameters like electron density ne and electron temperature Te for non-equilibrium plasma in ECR ion source. The spectroscopy diagnosis platform has been constructed, and preliminary results will be presented in this paper. *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.
	Slides MOOBMH04 [2.330 MB]

MOOAMH01	Simulation Of The CERN GTS-LHC ECR Ion Source Extraction System With Lead And Argon Ion Beams	extraction, simulation, linac, ion-source	23
	V. Toivanen, G. Bellodi, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, R. Scrivens, J.T. Stafford-Haworth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A comprehensive study of beam formation and beam transport has been initiated in order to improve the performance of the CERN heavy ion injector, Linac3. As part of this study, the ion beam extraction system of the CERN GTS-LHC 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has been modelled with the ion optical code IBSimu. The simulations predict self-consistently the triangular and hollow beam structures which are often observed experimentally with ECRIS ion beams. The model is used to investigate the performance of the current extraction system and provides a basis for possible future improvements. In addition, the extraction simulation provides a more realistic representation of the initial beam properties for the beam transport simulations, which aim to identify the performance bottle necks along the Linac3 low energy beam transport. The results of beam extraction simulations with Pb and Ar ion beams from the GTS-LHC will be presented and compared with experimental observations.
	Slides MOOAMH01 [2.525 MB]

MOOAMH02	High Current Proton and Deuteron Beams for Accelerators and Neutron Generators	neutron, plasma, target, experiment	30
	V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland A.V. Maslennikova, A. Volovecky Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	This paper presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 at the Institute of Applied Physics. In this experimental setup the plasma is created by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining higher density hydrogen plasma in comparison to conventional ECRIS's or microwave sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce proton beams with low emittance. Latest experiments with hydrogen and deuterium show possibility of beam formation with currents up to 550 mA at high voltages below 45 kV with normalized rms emittance lower than 0.2 pimmmrad. Such beams have a high potential for application in future accelerator research. Also in frames of the present paper it is suggested to use such an ion source in a scheme of D-D neutron generator. Such ion source can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm². Generation of the neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8*10¹⁰ s⁻¹cm^-2 could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV.
	Slides MOOAMH02 [1.961 MB]

MOOAMH03	Optimization Of Low-Energy Beam Transport	emittance, solenoid, ECRIS, dipole	33
	H.R. Kremers, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	We have studied the extraction and transport of a low-energy ion beam between an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source and the analyzing magnet. This first part of the transport line is particularly sensitive to emittance blowup caused by ion-optical aberrations and non-paraxiality of the beam. This can be prevented by an appropriate focussing element between ion source and analyzing magnet. We present the results of beam transport simulations for different focussing elements including an einzel lens, solenoid and quadrupole element. These calculations, verified by measurements, lead to a design of an optimal, low-energy beam transport line for ion beams with large beam divergences.
	Slides MOOAMH03 [2.910 MB]

MOOAMH05	Combination of Two ECRIS Calculations: Plasma Electrons and Extracted Ions	electron, plasma, emittance, simulation	38
	S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, B.R. Schlei, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In strongly magnetized ECRIS plasmas collisions do not influence the path of the charged particle. Electrons and ions can move more freely only along the magnetic field line compared to the transverse direction. Extraction simulation requires that the trajectories of charged particles have to be traced through the plasma chamber. In previous simulations the particle density at the beginning of the trajectory deep inside the plasma has been unknown. Now the full 3D electron tracking within the plasma chamber has been combined with the generation of initial ion starting conditions including particle density for ion tracking. The TrapCAD code has been used to determine the electron spatial distribution in a certain energy window. The idea is that at the places where the electron reaches a specific energy, an ion trajectory can be started. The magnetic field has been modeled with OPERA. The computer code KOBRA3-INP has been used for ray tracing. First results will be discussed and compared with experimental experience. The number of affecting parameters on the operating conditions of the ion source may lead to a multi-dimensional optimization space for simulation.
	Slides MOOAMH05 [10.655 MB]

MOPPH002	Production Of Metallic Stable Ion Beams For GANIL And SPIRAL2	ion-source, ECR, experiment, injection	45
	F. Lemagnen, C. Barue, C. Canet, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, L. Maunoury, O. Osmond, J. Piot GANIL, Caen, France B.J.P. Gall IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
	GANIL has been producing many stable beams for nearly 30 years. Constant progress have been obtained in terms of intensity, stability and reliability. The presentation highlights recent results obtained for 50Ti beam production from an organo-metallic compound using the MIVOC (Metallic Ions from Volatile Compounds) method with the ECR4 ion source. The synthesis of this compound has been studied and realized by the IPHC-Strasbourg team from isotopically enriched titanium metal. Preliminary tests using natural titanocene were performed to validate the production method in terms of beam intensity, stability and reliability. Results obtained allowed us to program a physics experiment in September 2013. A 50Ti¹⁰⁺ beam was maintained stable for 300 h with a mean intensity of 20 μA. Q/A=1/3 ion source of SPIRAL 2 facility, whom commissioning will be led by end of 2014, is Phoenix V2 ion source which has been developed by LPSC-Grenoble. Results obtained for nickel (58Ni¹⁹⁺) and calcium (40Ca¹⁶⁺) in collaboration with LPSC Grenoble will be presented in this report. CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique. 3, rue Michel-Ange 75794 Paris cedex 16 - France CEA, Commissariat à L'Energie Atomique Bâtiment Le ponant D - 25 rue Leblanc 75015 PARIS

MOPPH004	Status Report at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy (HIT) Ion Sources and the Testbench	ion-source, operation, rfq, ECR	49
	T.W. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters, J. Schreiner HIT, Heidelberg, Germany E. Ritter DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
	Since October 2009 more than 2000 patients were treated at HIT. In a 24/7 operation scheme two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce protons and carbon ions. The integration of a third ion source into the production facility was done in summer 2013 to produce a helium beam. This paper will give a status report of the ion source operating experience and statistics and will summarize the enhancement activities, which were undertaken at an in-house ion source testbench.

MOPPH006	Direct Injection of Intense Heavy Ion Beams from a High Field ECR Ion Source into an RFQ	rfq, ECR, ion-source, extraction	52
	G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal IUAC, New Delhi, India R. Becker IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R.W. Hamm R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA
	Beam intensities achievable from high performance ECR sources for highly charged ions are limited by the high space charge. For high performance ECR sources, the stray magnetic field of the source can provide focusing against the space charge blow-up of the beam in addition to the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) adapted from laser ion sources. A combined extraction/matching system* has been designed for direct injection into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, allowing a total beam current of 10 mA for the production of highly charged 238U⁴⁰⁺ (1.33 mA) to be injected at an ion source voltage of 60 kV. In this design, the features of IGUN have been used to take into account the rf-focusing of an RFQ channel (without modulation), the electrostatic field between ion source extraction and the RFQ vanes, the magnetic stray field of the ECR superconducting solenoid, and the defocusing space charge of an ion beam. The RFQ has been designed to suppress neighbouring charge states and to work as a filter for the desired 238U⁴⁰⁺. This reduces the transport problem for the beam line as well as it reduces the emittance for the selected charge state. * R. Becker et al., PROC. EPAC-2004, TUPLT024 ** G.Rodrigues et al., Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A740 (2014)

MOPPH007	Current Developments for Increasing the Beam Intensities of the RIKEN 18-GHz Superconductiong ECR Ion Source	emittance, ECRIS, ion-source, cyclotron	57
	T. Nagatomo, V. Tzoganis RIKEN, Saitama, Japan O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, Y. Kotaka, T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y. Kotaka SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Y. Ohshiro CNS, Saitama, Japan V. Tzoganis The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Providing intense and highly charged heavy ion beams is one of the most essential and fundamental technologies to explore a trackless frontier so-called “Island of Stability” where relatively stable super heavy elements are considered to exist. Towards this goal, the development of an ion source that can provide a highly charged heavy ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is necessary. In order to provide the desired high intensity ion beam, the beam-radius expansion induced by space charge effects cannot be ignored, and it can cause considerable degradation of the beam emittance. To suppress such effects at the output of an ion source is one of the top priorities in the direction of improving both the quality and intensity of the beam. At first, we plan to examine the space charge effects with a high-intensity beam provided by the 18-GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source at RIKEN Nishina Center. To measure the degradation of the beam emittance as function of the beam’s intensity, an in-situ emittance monitor system based on the pepperpot technique and applicable to a wide range of beam intensities is being developed. A report on the current status will be presented.

MOPPH011	Development of Interface and Diagnostic System for ECR Ion Source At KBSI	diagnostics, simulation, ion-source, ECR	61
	B.S. Lee, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J. Bahng Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
	A 28 GHz superconducting ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source was recently developed at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute) to produce the high current and high charge state ions. The condition of the ion beam extracted from the ion source should be analyzed by a diagnosis tool after accelerating and focusing process. For this, we developed an ion beam diagnostic system composed of a slit, a wire scanner, a view screen and a faraday cup. The interface of the diagnostic system was designed so as to achieve stable operation of the ECR ion source. The information obtained from the diagnostic system can be used as a reference in studies of the optimum beam conditions needed to adjust the extraction parameters. The details of the diagnostic system and initial test results will be reported.

MOPPH015	Production and Acceleration of Titanium-50 Ion Beam at the U-400 Cyclotron	experiment, cyclotron, ion-source, ECR	64
	S.L. Bogomolov, A.E. Bondarchenko, I.V. Kalagin, K.I. Kuzmenkov, N. Lebedev, V.Ya. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, R.E. Vaganov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Z. Asfari, H. Faure, M. Filliger, B.J.P. Gall IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	Funding: *Work supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant number 13-02-12011 The production of Ti-50 ion beam with ECR ion source using MIVOC method is described. The experiments were performed at the test bench with the natural and enriched compounds of titanium (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3. The compounds were synthesized in collaboration with IPHC (Strasbourg) group. In the experiments at the test bench the beam currents of Ti⁵⁺ - 80 mkA and Ti¹¹⁺ - 70 mkA were achieved at different settings of the source. After successful tests two 3 weeks runs with Ti-50 beam were performed at the U-400 cyclotron for the experiments on spectroscopy of super heavy elements. The intensity of the injected beam of 50Ti⁵⁺ was about of 50-60 μA, during experiment the source have shown stable operation. The compound consumption rate was determined to be about of 2.4 mg/h, corresponding to 50Ti consumption of 0.52 mg/h.

MOPPH016	Modernization of the mVINIS Ion Source	plasma, injection, ion-source, extraction	68
	V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D. Ciric, A.S. Dobrosavljevic, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajic, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljevic VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	The mVINIS ECR ion source was designed and constructed jointly by the team of specialists from FLNR JINR, Dubna and Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute, Belgrade. It was commissioned and put in operation in 1998. From that time it was widely used in the field of modification of materials by different kinds of multiply charged ions. Recently we decided to modernize mVINIS in order to improve its operation reliability. Our main goal was to refurbish its major components (vacuum pumps, microwave generator, control system etc.). Besides, we decided to enhance basic construction of the ECR ion source in order to improve the production of multiply charged ion beams from gaseous and solid elements. We changed the shape of the plasma chamber and consequently reconstructed the magnetic structure. Also we improved the construction of the injection chamber. All these improvements resulted in substantial increase of ion beam intensities, especially in the case of high charge state ions.

MOPPH017	LEGIS Facility for Study of Reactor Steels Radiation Resistance	target, ECR, neutron, ion-source	71
	T. Kulevoy, A.A. Aleev, S.L. Andrianov, B.B. Chalykh, R.P. Kuibeda, A.A. Nikitin, S.V. Rogozhkin ITEP, Moscow, Russia M. Comunian, A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Considerable efforts have been drawn to adapt heavy ion beams imitation experiments for investigation of radiation stability of materials in nuclear industry, mainly structural materials - steels. Formation of defect structure in the steel using the neutron flow from the nuclear reactors is fraught with many difficulties such as a long-term session of exposure and induced radioactivity in the irradiated samples. Whereas, heavy ions could provide a versatile tool to induce a precise damage in material under controlled condition. The LEGnaro ECR Ion Source (LEGIS) installed at the high voltage (up to 300 kV) platform enables the unique possibility for wide range program of reactor steels investigation by heavy ion beams. The sample irradiation up to hundreds of dpa (displacement-per-atom) in less than an operation day can be provided by beams of different ions ranging from hydrogen to the iron with different energy. The investigation program and details of experimental facility are presented and discussed.

MOPPH018	A Microwave Ion Source for Pulsed Proton Beam Production at ESS-Bilbao	plasma, extraction, proton, solenoid	75
	R. Miracoli, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, P. Echevarria, M. Eguiraun, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, Z. Izaola, L. Muguira, I. Rueda ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP) is a 2.7 GHz microwave discharge installed at ESS Bilbao in Spain. This source will be employed in future application of high proton current in the field of research projects and for industrial processes. ISHP produces over 30 mA of pulsed proton beam by operating at 2.7 GHz. The magnetic field is produced by two independently movable coil pair and the extraction system is composed of a plasma electrode at high voltage platform potential, two ground electrodes, and a negatively biased screening electrode inserted between the ground electrodes. The last three electrodes are contained in the extraction column, and can be moved as a group by stepper motors, to change the distance between the plasma electrode and first ground electrode. Measurements with different extraction system setups will be described to show the improvement of the beam intensity and beam emittance.

MOPPH019	Metallic Beam Development with an ECR Ion Source at Michigan State University (MSU)	ECR, ion-source, plasma, cyclotron	79
	D.E. Neben, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Supported by Michigan State University, National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1102511 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources have been used at MSU to provide metal ion beams to the coupled cyclotron facility (CCF), and in the future, for The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The challenges of metallic beam production with ECR are in production, efficiency, stability and contamination. Future facilities such as FRIB will add the challenge of intensity. We report development of two rare earth metals and the conversion from the oxidized state into metal. The enriched isotopes of 144 Sm, and 176 Yb are commonly available in the sesquioxide form which is unsuitable for use in our standard ovens. We report here results from the off-line chemical reduction of samarium, and ytterbium oxides into metal. We were able to demonstrate efficiencies of up to 90 % throughout the conversion process. The samples were then run on our ECR ion sources to confirm the products of the reduction. In addition we report the development of cadmium metal by passing vapor though over 3/4 m of heated stainless steel tubing and observed 4.3 euA of Cd 20+ with an average consumption of 1 mg/hr.

TUOMMH01	Improvement of Beam Intensities for Ion Beams with Charge-to-Mass Ratio of 1/3 with Two-Frequency Heating Technique	extraction, ECRIS, experiment, plasma	83
	A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T.F. Fujita, M. Muramatsu National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan K. Fukushima, N. Sasaki, K. Takahashi, W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
	Facilities of heavy ion radiotherapy use carbon ions due to its better biological dose distributions. The necessary energy is over 400MeV/u. A typical accelerator system consisits of a synchrotron and an injector. ECR ion sources have been developed and utilized to produce C⁴⁺ ions. On the other hand, in order to study basic biological researches with a such facility, there are occasionally requirements to produce other ion species like Ar or Fe. Since the injector design is fixed for the acceleration of ions with a charge-to-mass ratio of about 1/3, the ion source must produce Ar¹³⁺ and Fe¹⁹⁺. As a method to improve highly-charged ion production, the technique to feed multiple microwaves with different frequencies is well-known. Our group studied the improvements when the two frequencies are close together each with a power of more than 1kW using the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECR ion source installed in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC. Fe and Ni are interesting for a risk study in space environment. We combined the MIVOC method and the two-frequency heating technique for the production of Fe and Ni. The recent test results will be reported.
	Slides TUOMMH01 [2.651 MB]

TUOMMH02	ECR Ion Source Developments at INFN-LNS	plasma, ion-source, proton, cyclotron	87
	L. Celona, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Ciavola CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G. Torrisi Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
	At INFN-LNS, ECRIS development during the ‘90s boosted the K-800 Cyclotron performances: SERSE and CAESAR have then well supported Nuclear Physics research. For the new needs of the laboratory, further improvements are required and here described. Activities recently started aimed to the production of multicharged ion beams and to the production of intense light ion beams. Technological developments led the AISHa source design, now under construction, in order to adapt a high performance ECR ion source to hospital facilities needing multiply charged ion production with high reliability and brightness, easy operations and maintenance. The realization of the 75kV-70mA proton source, called PS-ESS, and of its LEBT for the forthcoming European Spallation Source in Sweden is one of the major engagements of the INFN-LNS. Other activities are ongoing on high charge state and high intensity beam production: a major update is going to be finalized on SERSE cryogenic system; at Vancouver, the VIS source is used for producing multi-mA beams of H²⁺ for a high-current cyclotron; a new flexible plasma trap is under test for fundamental research about innovative plasma heating methods.
	Slides TUOMMH02 [11.330 MB]

TUOMMH03	Status Report of SECRAL II Ion Source Development	ion-source, plasma, sextupole, ECR	94
	L.T. Sun, M.Z. Guan, Q. Hu, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, E.M. Mei, D.S. Ni, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, T.J. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China Y. Yang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the 100 Talents Program of the CAS (No. Y214160BR0), NSF (contract No. 11221064) and MOST (contract No. 2014CB845500). For a new injector linac project launched at IMP, a superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL II is now under construction. This ion source is a duplicated one of SECRAL I which is operated routinely for HIRFL facility at the frequency of 18-24 GHz. SECRAL II is designed to be operated at the frequency of 28 GHz, which needs slightly higher radial field at the plasma chamber wall. The fabrication of the cold mass was started at early 2013, and it has been completed in May 2014. The engineering design of the whole superconducting magnet has also been finished and ready for fabrication. After a brief introduction of the recent results obtained with SECRAL I ion source, this paper will present the cold mass test results and the cryogenic system design of SECRAL II magnet. The test bench design will be also discussed.
	Slides TUOMMH03 [3.782 MB]

TUOMMH05	HIISI, New 18 GHz ECRIS for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory	sextupole, plasma, permanent-magnet, ion-source	99
	H. A. Koivisto, P. M.T. Heikkinen, T. Kalvas, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia G. Machicoane NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France D. Xie LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	At the end of 2013 the Academy of Finland granted an infrastructure funding for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory in order to increase beam intensities for the international user community. The primary objective is to construct a new high performance ECR ion source, HIISI (Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector), for the K130 cyclotron. Using room temperature magnets the HIISI has been designed to produce about the same magnetic field configuration as the superconducting ECRIS SUSI at NSCL/MSU for 18 GHz operation. An innovative structure will be used to maximize the radial confinement and safety of the permanent magnets. The sextupole magnets are separated and insulated from the plasma chamber providing two advantages: 1) the permanent magnets can be cooled down to -20˚C, which increases especially their coercivity and 2) makes it possible to reach higher radial field at the inner surface of plasma chamber. Comprehensive simulations were performed with microwave power up to 6 kW to analyse and address all the heat loads and temperature distribution on the permanent magnet. In this article the magnetic field design and detailed innovative scheme for sextupole magnet will be presented.
	Slides TUOMMH05 [2.150 MB]

WEOMMH01	The Installation of the 28GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source At KBSI	plasma, ECR, ion-source, superconducting-magnet	104
	M. Won, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J.B. Bhang Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	In 2009, a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was developed to produce high currents, diverse heavy ion charge state for the compact heavy ion linear accelerator at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The aim of this study was to generate a high current, and fast neutrons for interacting a heavy ion with the proton target. The fabrication of the key parts, which are the superconducting magnet system with the liquid helium re-condensed cryostat, the 10 kW high-power microwave considering for optimum operation at the 28 GHz ECR Ion Source, were completed in 2013. The waveguide components were connected with a plasma chamber including a gas supply system. The plasma chamber and ion beam extraction were inserted into the warm bore of superconducting magnet. In this paper, we present the current status of the installation of an ECR ion source and report on the test results for ECR plasma ignition.
	Slides WEOMMH01 [5.460 MB]

WEOMMH02	First Commissioning Results of An Evaporative Cooling Magnet ECRIS-LECR4	ion-source, ECR, extraction, rfq	107
	W. Lu, Y.C. Feng, S.Q. Guo, B.H. Ma, H.Y. Ma, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China L. Ruan, B. Xiong IEE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	LECR4 (Lanzhou ECR ion source No.4) is a room temperature ECR ion source, designed to produce high current, multiple charge state ions for SSC-linac project at IMP. The ion source has been optimized to be operated at 18 GHz. A unique feature of LECR4 is that all its solenoid coils are fully immersed in a special medium and cooled by evaporative cooling technology when excited. At design current, the coils can produce peak mirror fields on axis 2.3 Tesla at injection, 1.3 Tesla at extraction and 0.5 Tesla at minimum-B. The nominal radial magnetic field is 1.1 Tesla at plasma chamber wall, which is produced by a Halbach structure 36-segment hexapole. Recently, the project has made significant progress. In January 2014, the first plasma at 18 GHz was ignited. During the ongoing commissioning phase with a stainless steel chamber, tests with gaseous ion beams have been conducted. Some intense ion beams have been produced with microwave power less than 1.5 kW, such as 1.97 emA of O⁶⁺, 1.7 emA of Ar⁸⁺, 1.07 emA of Ar⁹⁺, 290 euA of Xe²⁰⁺ and so on. In this paper, the design of LECR4 ion source will be presented, and the latest test results will also be given.
	Slides WEOMMH02 [3.543 MB]

WEOMMH03	Development of the Magnetic System for New DECRIS-PM Ion Source	permanent-magnet, extraction, injection, cyclotron	111
	A.A. Efremov, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia N.N. Konev ITT-Group, Moscow, Russia
	Super-heavy-element factory is under development at the Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna. The factory will include DC-280 cyclotron, which will be equipped with two 100 kV high voltage platforms. All-permanent magnet ECRIS will be installed on one of the platforms. The request for the source is a production of medium mass ions with A/q=4-7.5 such as 48Ca⁸⁺. Results of the detailed design of a magnetic structure for DECRIS-PM will be presented.
	Slides WEOMMH03 [1.165 MB]

WEOBMH01	Experimental Activities with the LPSC Charge Breeder in the European Context	plasma, injection, ECR, ECRIS	120
	T. Lamy, J. Angot, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J. Choinski, L. Standylo HIL, Warsaw, Poland P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland G. Patti INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	Funding: NuPNET project (Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL) One of the Work Packages of the "Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL" NuPNET project focuses on the ECR charge breeding. The LPSC charge breeder is used for experimental studies in order to better understand the fundamental processes involved in the 1+ beam capture by a 14 GHz ECR plasma. Some improvements, like symmetrisation of the magnetic field at the injection side and higher pumping speed, have been carried out on the PHOENIX charge breeder. The impact of these modifications on the efficiencies and charge breeding times are presented. In the same time, the new LPSC 1+ source developments performed in order to ease the efficiency measurements with various elements are presented.
	Slides WEOBMH01 [4.982 MB]

WEOBMH03	Investigation on the Origin of High Energy X-Rays Observed in 3rd Generation ECRIS	ECR, electron, cavity, ion-source	127
	T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	The operation of third generation ECR ion source heated with 24 or 28 GHz microwave frequency shows a high energy x-ray spectrum with a characteristic temperature much higher than the one observed at the usual heating frequencies (14-18 GHz). The behaviour of the x-ray spectrum is studied based on the review of a set of data previously done at LBNL [1]. The data reviewed shows that the hot x-ray temperature scales with the ECR frequency. The experimental data is compared with the prediction of a simple model of ECR heating developed for this purpose. A formula to estimate the ECR resonance thickness is calculated. The model explains nicely the experimental x-ray temperature variation when the central magnetic field of the ECRIS is changed. It demonstrates that such a magnetic field variation does not change the electron confinement time and that the change of the x-ray spectrum temperature is due to the change of the ECR zone thickness. The only way for the model to reproduce the fact that the x-ray temperature scales with the ECR frequency is to assume that the electron confinement time scales (at least) with the ECR frequency. This result brings new credit to the theoretical prediction that the hot electron RF scattering is decreasing when the ECR frequency increases.[2,3] The spatial gyrac effect, which can be considered as another possible origin of the very hot x-ray produced in ECRIS is recalled for convenience in this paper.
	Slides WEOBMH03 [1.214 MB]

THOMMH01	Boron Ion Beam Production with the Supernanogan ECR Ion Source for the CERN BIO-LEIR Facility	ion-source, ECR, plasma, operation	132
	J.T. Stafford-Haworth, D. Küchler, V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany
	To deliver B³⁺ ions for medical research the compounds decaborane and m-carborane were tested using the metal ions from volatile compounds (MIVOC) method with the Supernanogan 14.5 GHz ECR ion source. Using decaborane the source delivered less than 10 uA intensity of B³⁺ and after operation large deposits of material were found inside the source. Using m-carborane 50 uA of B³⁺ were delivered without support gas. For both compounds Helium and Oxygen support gasses were also tested, and the effects of different source tuning parameters are discussed. The average consumption of m-Carborane was 0.1 mg/uAh over all operation.
	Slides THOMMH01 [2.223 MB]

THOMMH02	Application of an ECR Ion Source for Ionic Functionalization of Implant Materials on the Nanoscale	plasma, ion-source, ECR, target	135
	R. Rácz, S. Biri, A. Csik, P. Hajdu, K. Vad ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary J. Bakó, I. Csarnovics, Cs. Hegedűs, V. Hegedűs, S. Kokenyesi, J. Pálinkás, T. Radics University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
	Surface modification by variously charged heavy ions plays an increasingly important role since functionalization of surfaces and/or deeper layers at micro- and nanoscopic scale can be biologically useful for materials of medical implants. The functionalized surfaces have a huge potential in the field of nanotechnology, sensor devices as well. Our group explores the physical and biological effect of such treatments. In the recent phase of the research work the implantation of titanium and zirconium-dioxide samples by calcium, gold and silicon ions is required. The 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) of Atomki - a classical room-temperature ion source - was used in this study as an ion implanter to deliver low energy particles from wide range of elements. A new vacuum chamber and a sample holder for effective irradiation and the production of the beam itself were developed. The technical details of the irradiation and the first result of the physical investigations are described in this paper.
	Slides THOMMH02 [1.769 MB]

THOMMH03	A Point-like Source of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Based on Non-equilibrium Discharge, Sustained by Powerful Radiation of Terahertz Gyrotron	radiation, plasma, vacuum, experiment	140
	V. Sidorov, M.Yu. Glyavin, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, A.G. Litvak, G. Luchinin, D. Mansfeld, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, A. Vodopyanov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: The work was supported by RSF within grant No 14-12-00609. It is proposed in this paper to use discharge plasma supported by terahertz radiation as a source of EUV light for high-resolution lithography. In this report we discuss the experimental investigation of two types of EUV sources based on discharge, supported by powerful gyrotron radiation. Following investigation results are described: -a series of experiments that demonstrate the generation of EUV light from the vacuum-arc discharge plasma in tin vapor in the magnetic trap heated by gyrotron radiation with a frequency of 75 GHz under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions; -a numerical modeling of the plasma emissivity in the EUV range, depending on the parameters of the heating radiation is performed; -experimental studies of EUV emission from plasma discharge sustained by strong terahertz powerful radiation in inhomogeneous gas flows are started.
	Slides THOMMH03 [1.249 MB]

THOBMH01	Closing Remarks for ECRIS'14	ECRIS, ECR, ion-source, plasma	144
	T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	A scientific overview of the ECRIS14 workshop is proposed in this paper. The workshop content demonstrated that the ECR community is still very active and that research is of high interest for future accelerator projects. A selection of new results and development presented during the workshop is proposed.

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MOOMMH03

First Results At 24 GHz With The Superconducting Source For Ions (SuSI)

ion-source, injection, plasma, operation

1

G. Machicoane, D.G. Cole, D.E. Neben, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Holland, D. Leitner, D. Morris
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The superconducting ECR ion source SuSI at Michigan State University was designed to operate primarily at 18GHz and has demonstrated very good performance at this frequency especially when coupling two klystrons to the plasma [1]. Following a period of training, SuSI has been able to reach the magnetic field needed for operation in the high-B mode at 24 GHz. SuSI has several interesting features. First the axial magnetic profile is defined using 6 solenoids which provide some flexibility to adjust parameters such as field gradient at the resonance, Bminimum or plasma length. Second with a diameter of only 101mm, SuSI plasma chamber has a nominal volume of about 3.5 l. Therefore, power density in excess of 2kW/l could be reach and lead potentially to new insight on the maximum performance achievable with an ECR. In January 2014, a 10 kW 24 GHz Gyrotron obtained from the Russian company GYCOM was commissioned at MSU on a dummy load and then connected to SuSI. We report here on the first measurements done with SuSI at 24 GHz.
* L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos., ECRIS 2010 (MOCOAK02)

Slides MOOMMH03 [3.591 MB]

MOOBMH01

Periodic Beam Burrent Oscillations Driven By Electron Cyclotron Instabilities In ECRIS Plasmas

plasma, electron, cyclotron, ECRIS

5

O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, J.P.O. Komppula, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Experimental observation of cyclotron instabilities in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma operated in cw-mode is reported. The instabilities are associated with strong microwave emission and a burst of energetic electrons escaping the plasma, and explain the periodic oscillations of the extracted beam currents. The instabilities are shown to restrict the parameter space available for the optimization of high charge state ion currents.

Slides MOOBMH01 [2.020 MB]

MOOBMH02

Emittance Measurements For RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS

emittance, extraction, ion-source, experiment

10

Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In 2013, the intense beams of highly charged uranium ion (180euA of U³⁵⁺, 230euA of U³³⁺) were extracted from RIKEN SC-ECRIS. Following the success, intense beam of U³⁵⁺ ions was used for the RIBF experiment for 24 days without break. It is obvious that production of high-quality beam (smaller emittacne and good stability etc) is also important for RIKEN radio isotope beam factory (RIBF) project. For this reason, in 2014, we systematically measured the emittance and beam intensity of the highly charged uranium ions under various conditions (magnetic field configuration, extracted beam intensity, beam stability etc) to search the optimum condition. In these experiments, we observed that the emittnce size is strongly dependent on the magnetic field configuration, especially Bext. In this contribution, we present the effect of the various parameters (magnetic field configuration, extracted beam intensity, beam stability etc) of the SC-ECRIS on the beam intensity and emittance. We also discuss its mechanism in detail.

Slides MOOBMH02 [2.472 MB]

MOOBMH03

Frequency Tuning Effect On The Bremsstrahlung Spectra, Beam Intensity And Shape In An ECR Ion Source

ECR, electron, cavity, plasma

15

G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal, N. Kumar, K. Mal, Y. Mathur
IUAC, New Delhi, India
A. Roy
VECC, Kolkata, India

The effect of the frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape in the 10 GHz, Nanogan ECR ion source have been investigated. The main aim of this work was to study the effect on a lower frequency type of ECR source where the separation between various modes in the cavity is much larger. The warm and cold components of the electrons were observed to be directly correlated with the beam intensity enhancement in the case of Ar⁹⁺ but not so for O⁵⁺. However, the warm electron component was much smaller than the cold component. The beam shapes of O⁵⁺ measured as a function of frequency showed a strong variation without hollow beam formation. Due to the use of an octupole magnetic structure in the Nanogan ECR source, the quadrupolar structure of the ECR surface is modified with the frequency tuning. In general, we have observed a strong absorption of microwave power at various frequencies whenever the reflection co-efficient showed a minimum value and the effect was seen stronger for the higher charge states. Details of the measurements carried out on the bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity and shape are presented together with the results of simulations.
* Effect of frequency tuning on bremsstrahlung spectra, beam intensity, and shape in the 10 GHz NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A944 (2014)

Slides MOOBMH03 [23.075 MB]

MOOBMH04

Emission Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Plasma Inside 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at PKU

plasma, electron, ion-source, ECR

20

Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11175009 and 91126004).
The 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PMECR) at Peking University (PKU) can produce 100 mA H⁺, 40 mA H²⁺ and 20 mA H³⁺ under different conditions, but the physics processes and plasma characteristics within the discharge chamber are not very clear until now. Langmuir probe, laser detachment, absorption spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy are common approaches for diagnosing the plasma. Among those methods, optical emission spectroscopy is a simple in situ one without disturbing the plasma. To better understand the plasma producing processes, a new ion source with transparent quartz discharge chamber was designed at PKU so that plasma diagnostic can be performed through directly detecting the light generated within ECR zone by fiber optics. Collisional radiative (CR) model is utilized to calculate plasma parameters like electron density ne and electron temperature Te for non-equilibrium plasma in ECR ion source. The spectroscopy diagnosis platform has been constructed, and preliminary results will be presented in this paper.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail:
sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.

Slides MOOBMH04 [2.330 MB]

MOOAMH01

Simulation Of The CERN GTS-LHC ECR Ion Source Extraction System With Lead And Argon Ion Beams

extraction, simulation, linac, ion-source

23

V. Toivanen, G. Bellodi, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, R. Scrivens, J.T. Stafford-Haworth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A comprehensive study of beam formation and beam transport has been initiated in order to improve the performance of the CERN heavy ion injector, Linac3. As part of this study, the ion beam extraction system of the CERN GTS-LHC 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has been modelled with the ion optical code IBSimu. The simulations predict self-consistently the triangular and hollow beam structures which are often observed experimentally with ECRIS ion beams. The model is used to investigate the performance of the current extraction system and provides a basis for possible future improvements. In addition, the extraction simulation provides a more realistic representation of the initial beam properties for the beam transport simulations, which aim to identify the performance bottle necks along the Linac3 low energy beam transport. The results of beam extraction simulations with Pb and Ar ion beams from the GTS-LHC will be presented and compared with experimental observations.

Slides MOOAMH01 [2.525 MB]

MOOAMH02

High Current Proton and Deuteron Beams for Accelerators and Neutron Generators

neutron, plasma, target, experiment

30

V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
A.V. Maslennikova, A. Volovecky
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

This paper presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 at the Institute of Applied Physics. In this experimental setup the plasma is created by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining higher density hydrogen plasma in comparison to conventional ECRIS's or microwave sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce proton beams with low emittance. Latest experiments with hydrogen and deuterium show possibility of beam formation with currents up to 550 mA at high voltages below 45 kV with normalized rms emittance lower than 0.2 pi*mm*mrad. Such beams have a high potential for application in future accelerator research. Also in frames of the present paper it is suggested to use such an ion source in a scheme of D-D neutron generator. Such ion source can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm². Generation of the neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8*10¹⁰ s⁻¹cm^-2 could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV.

Slides MOOAMH02 [1.961 MB]

MOOAMH03

Optimization Of Low-Energy Beam Transport

emittance, solenoid, ECRIS, dipole

33

H.R. Kremers, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

We have studied the extraction and transport of a low-energy ion beam between an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source and the analyzing magnet. This first part of the transport line is particularly sensitive to emittance blowup caused by ion-optical aberrations and non-paraxiality of the beam. This can be prevented by an appropriate focussing element between ion source and analyzing magnet. We present the results of beam transport simulations for different focussing elements including an einzel lens, solenoid and quadrupole element. These calculations, verified by measurements, lead to a design of an optimal, low-energy beam transport line for ion beams with large beam divergences.

Slides MOOAMH03 [2.910 MB]

MOOAMH05

Combination of Two ECRIS Calculations: Plasma Electrons and Extracted Ions

electron, plasma, emittance, simulation

38

S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, B.R. Schlei, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In strongly magnetized ECRIS plasmas collisions do not influence the path of the charged particle. Electrons and ions can move more freely only along the magnetic field line compared to the transverse direction. Extraction simulation requires that the trajectories of charged particles have to be traced through the plasma chamber. In previous simulations the particle density at the beginning of the trajectory deep inside the plasma has been unknown. Now the full 3D electron tracking within the plasma chamber has been combined with the generation of initial ion starting conditions including particle density for ion tracking. The TrapCAD code has been used to determine the electron spatial distribution in a certain energy window. The idea is that at the places where the electron reaches a specific energy, an ion trajectory can be started. The magnetic field has been modeled with OPERA. The computer code KOBRA3-INP has been used for ray tracing. First results will be discussed and compared with experimental experience. The number of affecting parameters on the operating conditions of the ion source may lead to a multi-dimensional optimization space for simulation.

Slides MOOAMH05 [10.655 MB]

MOPPH002

Production Of Metallic Stable Ion Beams For GANIL And SPIRAL2

ion-source, ECR, experiment, injection

45

F. Lemagnen, C. Barue, C. Canet, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, L. Maunoury, O. Osmond, J. Piot
GANIL, Caen, France
B.J.P. Gall
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France

GANIL has been producing many stable beams for nearly 30 years. Constant progress have been obtained in terms of intensity, stability and reliability. The presentation highlights recent results obtained for 50Ti beam production from an organo-metallic compound using the MIVOC (Metallic Ions from Volatile Compounds) method with the ECR4 ion source. The synthesis of this compound has been studied and realized by the IPHC-Strasbourg team from isotopically enriched titanium metal. Preliminary tests using natural titanocene were performed to validate the production method in terms of beam intensity, stability and reliability. Results obtained allowed us to program a physics experiment in September 2013. A 50Ti¹⁰⁺ beam was maintained stable for 300 h with a mean intensity of 20 μA. Q/A=1/3 ion source of SPIRAL 2 facility, whom commissioning will be led by end of 2014, is Phoenix V2 ion source which has been developed by LPSC-Grenoble. Results obtained for nickel (58Ni¹⁹⁺) and calcium (40Ca¹⁶⁺) in collaboration with LPSC Grenoble will be presented in this report.
CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique. 3, rue Michel-Ange
75794 Paris cedex 16 - France
CEA, Commissariat à L'Energie Atomique Bâtiment Le ponant D - 25 rue Leblanc
75015 PARIS

MOPPH004

Status Report at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy (HIT) Ion Sources and the Testbench

ion-source, operation, rfq, ECR

49

T.W. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters, J. Schreiner
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
E. Ritter
DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany

Since October 2009 more than 2000 patients were treated at HIT. In a 24/7 operation scheme two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce protons and carbon ions. The integration of a third ion source into the production facility was done in summer 2013 to produce a helium beam. This paper will give a status report of the ion source operating experience and statistics and will summarize the enhancement activities, which were undertaken at an in-house ion source testbench.

MOPPH006

Direct Injection of Intense Heavy Ion Beams from a High Field ECR Ion Source into an RFQ

rfq, ECR, ion-source, extraction

52

G.O. Rodrigues, D. Kanjilal
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R. Becker
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R.W. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA

Beam intensities achievable from high performance ECR sources for highly charged ions are limited by the high space charge. For high performance ECR sources, the stray magnetic field of the source can provide focusing against the space charge blow-up of the beam in addition to the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) adapted from laser ion sources*. A combined extraction/matching system** has been designed for direct injection into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, allowing a total beam current of 10 mA for the production of highly charged 238U⁴⁰⁺ (1.33 mA) to be injected at an ion source voltage of 60 kV. In this design, the features of IGUN have been used to take into account the rf-focusing of an RFQ channel (without modulation), the electrostatic field between ion source extraction and the RFQ vanes, the magnetic stray field of the ECR superconducting solenoid, and the defocusing space charge of an ion beam. The RFQ has been designed to suppress neighbouring charge states and to work as a filter for the desired 238U⁴⁰⁺. This reduces the transport problem for the beam line as well as it reduces the emittance for the selected charge state.
* R. Becker et al., PROC. EPAC-2004, TUPLT024
** G.Rodrigues et al., Rev. Sci.Instrum. 85,02A740 (2014)

MOPPH007

Current Developments for Increasing the Beam Intensities of the RIKEN 18-GHz Superconductiong ECR Ion Source

emittance, ECRIS, ion-source, cyclotron

57

T. Nagatomo, V. Tzoganis
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, Y. Kotaka, T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y. Kotaka
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Y. Ohshiro
CNS, Saitama, Japan
V. Tzoganis
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Providing intense and highly charged heavy ion beams is one of the most essential and fundamental technologies to explore a trackless frontier so-called “Island of Stability” where relatively stable super heavy elements are considered to exist. Towards this goal, the development of an ion source that can provide a highly charged heavy ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is necessary. In order to provide the desired high intensity ion beam, the beam-radius expansion induced by space charge effects cannot be ignored, and it can cause considerable degradation of the beam emittance. To suppress such effects at the output of an ion source is one of the top priorities in the direction of improving both the quality and intensity of the beam. At first, we plan to examine the space charge effects with a high-intensity beam provided by the 18-GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source at RIKEN Nishina Center. To measure the degradation of the beam emittance as function of the beam’s intensity, an in-situ emittance monitor system based on the pepperpot technique and applicable to a wide range of beam intensities is being developed. A report on the current status will be presented.

MOPPH011

Development of Interface and Diagnostic System for ECR Ion Source At KBSI

diagnostics, simulation, ion-source, ECR

61

B.S. Lee, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
E.-S. Kim
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea

A 28 GHz superconducting ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source was recently developed at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute) to produce the high current and high charge state ions. The condition of the ion beam extracted from the ion source should be analyzed by a diagnosis tool after accelerating and focusing process. For this, we developed an ion beam diagnostic system composed of a slit, a wire scanner, a view screen and a faraday cup. The interface of the diagnostic system was designed so as to achieve stable operation of the ECR ion source. The information obtained from the diagnostic system can be used as a reference in studies of the optimum beam conditions needed to adjust the extraction parameters. The details of the diagnostic system and initial test results will be reported.

MOPPH015

Production and Acceleration of Titanium-50 Ion Beam at the U-400 Cyclotron

experiment, cyclotron, ion-source, ECR

64

S.L. Bogomolov, A.E. Bondarchenko, I.V. Kalagin, K.I. Kuzmenkov, N. Lebedev, V.Ya. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, R.E. Vaganov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Z. Asfari, H. Faure, M. Filliger, B.J.P. Gall
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

Funding: *Work supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant number 13-02-12011
The production of Ti-50 ion beam with ECR ion source using MIVOC method is described. The experiments were performed at the test bench with the natural and enriched compounds of titanium (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3. The compounds were synthesized in collaboration with IPHC (Strasbourg) group. In the experiments at the test bench the beam currents of Ti⁵⁺ - 80 mkA and Ti¹¹⁺ - 70 mkA were achieved at different settings of the source. After successful tests two 3 weeks runs with Ti-50 beam were performed at the U-400 cyclotron for the experiments on spectroscopy of super heavy elements. The intensity of the injected beam of 50Ti⁵⁺ was about of 50-60 μA, during experiment the source have shown stable operation. The compound consumption rate was determined to be about of 2.4 mg/h, corresponding to 50Ti consumption of 0.52 mg/h.

MOPPH016

Modernization of the mVINIS Ion Source

plasma, injection, ion-source, extraction

68

V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, A.A. Efremov, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D. Ciric, A.S. Dobrosavljevic, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajic, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljevic
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

The mVINIS ECR ion source was designed and constructed jointly by the team of specialists from FLNR JINR, Dubna and Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute, Belgrade. It was commissioned and put in operation in 1998. From that time it was widely used in the field of modification of materials by different kinds of multiply charged ions. Recently we decided to modernize mVINIS in order to improve its operation reliability. Our main goal was to refurbish its major components (vacuum pumps, microwave generator, control system etc.). Besides, we decided to enhance basic construction of the ECR ion source in order to improve the production of multiply charged ion beams from gaseous and solid elements. We changed the shape of the plasma chamber and consequently reconstructed the magnetic structure. Also we improved the construction of the injection chamber. All these improvements resulted in substantial increase of ion beam intensities, especially in the case of high charge state ions.

MOPPH017

LEGIS Facility for Study of Reactor Steels Radiation Resistance

target, ECR, neutron, ion-source

71

T. Kulevoy, A.A. Aleev, S.L. Andrianov, B.B. Chalykh, R.P. Kuibeda, A.A. Nikitin, S.V. Rogozhkin
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
M. Comunian, A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Considerable efforts have been drawn to adapt heavy ion beams imitation experiments for investigation of radiation stability of materials in nuclear industry, mainly structural materials - steels. Formation of defect structure in the steel using the neutron flow from the nuclear reactors is fraught with many difficulties such as a long-term session of exposure and induced radioactivity in the irradiated samples. Whereas, heavy ions could provide a versatile tool to induce a precise damage in material under controlled condition. The LEGnaro ECR Ion Source (LEGIS) installed at the high voltage (up to 300 kV) platform enables the unique possibility for wide range program of reactor steels investigation by heavy ion beams. The sample irradiation up to hundreds of dpa (displacement-per-atom) in less than an operation day can be provided by beams of different ions ranging from hydrogen to the iron with different energy. The investigation program and details of experimental facility are presented and discussed.

MOPPH018

A Microwave Ion Source for Pulsed Proton Beam Production at ESS-Bilbao

plasma, extraction, proton, solenoid

75

R. Miracoli, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, P. Echevarria, M. Eguiraun, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, Z. Izaola, L. Muguira, I. Rueda
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP) is a 2.7 GHz microwave discharge installed at ESS Bilbao in Spain. This source will be employed in future application of high proton current in the field of research projects and for industrial processes. ISHP produces over 30 mA of pulsed proton beam by operating at 2.7 GHz. The magnetic field is produced by two independently movable coil pair and the extraction system is composed of a plasma electrode at high voltage platform potential, two ground electrodes, and a negatively biased screening electrode inserted between the ground electrodes. The last three electrodes are contained in the extraction column, and can be moved as a group by stepper motors, to change the distance between the plasma electrode and first ground electrode. Measurements with different extraction system setups will be described to show the improvement of the beam intensity and beam emittance.

MOPPH019

Metallic Beam Development with an ECR Ion Source at Michigan State University (MSU)

ECR, ion-source, plasma, cyclotron

79

D.E. Neben, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Supported by Michigan State University, National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1102511
Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources have been used at MSU to provide metal ion beams to the coupled cyclotron facility (CCF), and in the future, for The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The challenges of metallic beam production with ECR are in production, efficiency, stability and contamination. Future facilities such as FRIB will add the challenge of intensity. We report development of two rare earth metals and the conversion from the oxidized state into metal. The enriched isotopes of 144 Sm, and 176 Yb are commonly available in the sesquioxide form which is unsuitable for use in our standard ovens. We report here results from the off-line chemical reduction of samarium, and ytterbium oxides into metal. We were able to demonstrate efficiencies of up to 90 % throughout the conversion process. The samples were then run on our ECR ion sources to confirm the products of the reduction. In addition we report the development of cadmium metal by passing vapor though over 3/4 m of heated stainless steel tubing and observed 4.3 euA of Cd 20+ with an average consumption of 1 mg/hr.

TUOMMH01

Improvement of Beam Intensities for Ion Beams with Charge-to-Mass Ratio of 1/3 with Two-Frequency Heating Technique

extraction, ECRIS, experiment, plasma

83

A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T.F. Fujita, M. Muramatsu
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
K. Fukushima, N. Sasaki, K. Takahashi, W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan

Facilities of heavy ion radiotherapy use carbon ions due to its better biological dose distributions. The necessary energy is over 400MeV/u. A typical accelerator system consisits of a synchrotron and an injector. ECR ion sources have been developed and utilized to produce C⁴⁺ ions. On the other hand, in order to study basic biological researches with a such facility, there are occasionally requirements to produce other ion species like Ar or Fe. Since the injector design is fixed for the acceleration of ions with a charge-to-mass ratio of about 1/3, the ion source must produce Ar¹³⁺ and Fe¹⁹⁺. As a method to improve highly-charged ion production, the technique to feed multiple microwaves with different frequencies is well-known. Our group studied the improvements when the two frequencies are close together each with a power of more than 1kW using the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECR ion source installed in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC. Fe and Ni are interesting for a risk study in space environment. We combined the MIVOC method and the two-frequency heating technique for the production of Fe and Ni. The recent test results will be reported.

Slides TUOMMH01 [2.651 MB]

TUOMMH02

ECR Ion Source Developments at INFN-LNS

plasma, ion-source, proton, cyclotron

87

L. Celona, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Ciavola
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Torrisi
Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

At INFN-LNS, ECRIS development during the ‘90s boosted the K-800 Cyclotron performances: SERSE and CAESAR have then well supported Nuclear Physics research. For the new needs of the laboratory, further improvements are required and here described. Activities recently started aimed to the production of multicharged ion beams and to the production of intense light ion beams. Technological developments led the AISHa source design, now under construction, in order to adapt a high performance ECR ion source to hospital facilities needing multiply charged ion production with high reliability and brightness, easy operations and maintenance. The realization of the 75kV-70mA proton source, called PS-ESS, and of its LEBT for the forthcoming European Spallation Source in Sweden is one of the major engagements of the INFN-LNS. Other activities are ongoing on high charge state and high intensity beam production: a major update is going to be finalized on SERSE cryogenic system; at Vancouver, the VIS source is used for producing multi-mA beams of H²⁺ for a high-current cyclotron; a new flexible plasma trap is under test for fundamental research about innovative plasma heating methods.

Slides TUOMMH02 [11.330 MB]

TUOMMH03

Status Report of SECRAL II Ion Source Development

ion-source, plasma, sextupole, ECR

94

L.T. Sun, M.Z. Guan, Q. Hu, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, E.M. Mei, D.S. Ni, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, T.J. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
Y. Yang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the 100 Talents Program of the CAS (No. Y214160BR0), NSF (contract No. 11221064) and MOST (contract No. 2014CB845500).
For a new injector linac project launched at IMP, a superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL II is now under construction. This ion source is a duplicated one of SECRAL I which is operated routinely for HIRFL facility at the frequency of 18-24 GHz. SECRAL II is designed to be operated at the frequency of 28 GHz, which needs slightly higher radial field at the plasma chamber wall. The fabrication of the cold mass was started at early 2013, and it has been completed in May 2014. The engineering design of the whole superconducting magnet has also been finished and ready for fabrication. After a brief introduction of the recent results obtained with SECRAL I ion source, this paper will present the cold mass test results and the cryogenic system design of SECRAL II magnet. The test bench design will be also discussed.

Slides TUOMMH03 [3.782 MB]

TUOMMH05

HIISI, New 18 GHz ECRIS for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory

sextupole, plasma, permanent-magnet, ion-source

99

H. A. Koivisto, P. M.T. Heikkinen, T. Kalvas, K. Ranttila, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
G. Machicoane
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
D. Xie
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

At the end of 2013 the Academy of Finland granted an infrastructure funding for the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory in order to increase beam intensities for the international user community. The primary objective is to construct a new high performance ECR ion source, HIISI (Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector), for the K130 cyclotron. Using room temperature magnets the HIISI has been designed to produce about the same magnetic field configuration as the superconducting ECRIS SUSI at NSCL/MSU for 18 GHz operation. An innovative structure will be used to maximize the radial confinement and safety of the permanent magnets. The sextupole magnets are separated and insulated from the plasma chamber providing two advantages: 1) the permanent magnets can be cooled down to -20˚C, which increases especially their coercivity and 2) makes it possible to reach higher radial field at the inner surface of plasma chamber. Comprehensive simulations were performed with microwave power up to 6 kW to analyse and address all the heat loads and temperature distribution on the permanent magnet. In this article the magnetic field design and detailed innovative scheme for sextupole magnet will be presented.

Slides TUOMMH05 [2.150 MB]

WEOMMH01

The Installation of the 28GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source At KBSI

plasma, ECR, ion-source, superconducting-magnet

104

M. Won, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J.B. Bhang
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

In 2009, a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was developed to produce high currents, diverse heavy ion charge state for the compact heavy ion linear accelerator at KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The aim of this study was to generate a high current, and fast neutrons for interacting a heavy ion with the proton target. The fabrication of the key parts, which are the superconducting magnet system with the liquid helium re-condensed cryostat, the 10 kW high-power microwave considering for optimum operation at the 28 GHz ECR Ion Source, were completed in 2013. The waveguide components were connected with a plasma chamber including a gas supply system. The plasma chamber and ion beam extraction were inserted into the warm bore of superconducting magnet. In this paper, we present the current status of the installation of an ECR ion source and report on the test results for ECR plasma ignition.

Slides WEOMMH01 [5.460 MB]

WEOMMH02

First Commissioning Results of An Evaporative Cooling Magnet ECRIS-LECR4

ion-source, ECR, extraction, rfq

107

W. Lu, Y.C. Feng, S.Q. Guo, B.H. Ma, H.Y. Ma, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
L. Ruan, B. Xiong
IEE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

LECR4 (Lanzhou ECR ion source No.4) is a room temperature ECR ion source, designed to produce high current, multiple charge state ions for SSC-linac project at IMP. The ion source has been optimized to be operated at 18 GHz. A unique feature of LECR4 is that all its solenoid coils are fully immersed in a special medium and cooled by evaporative cooling technology when excited. At design current, the coils can produce peak mirror fields on axis 2.3 Tesla at injection, 1.3 Tesla at extraction and 0.5 Tesla at minimum-B. The nominal radial magnetic field is 1.1 Tesla at plasma chamber wall, which is produced by a Halbach structure 36-segment hexapole. Recently, the project has made significant progress. In January 2014, the first plasma at 18 GHz was ignited. During the ongoing commissioning phase with a stainless steel chamber, tests with gaseous ion beams have been conducted. Some intense ion beams have been produced with microwave power less than 1.5 kW, such as 1.97 emA of O⁶⁺, 1.7 emA of Ar⁸⁺, 1.07 emA of Ar⁹⁺, 290 euA of Xe²⁰⁺ and so on. In this paper, the design of LECR4 ion source will be presented, and the latest test results will also be given.

Slides WEOMMH02 [3.543 MB]

WEOMMH03

Development of the Magnetic System for New DECRIS-PM Ion Source

permanent-magnet, extraction, injection, cyclotron

111

A.A. Efremov, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
N.N. Konev
ITT-Group, Moscow, Russia

Super-heavy-element factory is under development at the Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna. The factory will include DC-280 cyclotron, which will be equipped with two 100 kV high voltage platforms. All-permanent magnet ECRIS will be installed on one of the platforms. The request for the source is a production of medium mass ions with A/q=4-7.5 such as 48Ca⁸⁺. Results of the detailed design of a magnetic structure for DECRIS-PM will be presented.

Slides WEOMMH03 [1.165 MB]

WEOBMH01

Experimental Activities with the LPSC Charge Breeder in the European Context

plasma, injection, ECR, ECRIS

120

T. Lamy, J. Angot, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J. Choinski, L. Standylo
HIL, Warsaw, Poland
P. Delahaye, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
G. Patti
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

Funding: NuPNET project (Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL)
One of the Work Packages of the "Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes at EURISOL" NuPNET project focuses on the ECR charge breeding. The LPSC charge breeder is used for experimental studies in order to better understand the fundamental processes involved in the 1+ beam capture by a 14 GHz ECR plasma. Some improvements, like symmetrisation of the magnetic field at the injection side and higher pumping speed, have been carried out on the PHOENIX charge breeder. The impact of these modifications on the efficiencies and charge breeding times are presented. In the same time, the new LPSC 1+ source developments performed in order to ease the efficiency measurements with various elements are presented.

Slides WEOBMH01 [4.982 MB]

WEOBMH03

Investigation on the Origin of High Energy X-Rays Observed in 3rd Generation ECRIS

ECR, electron, cavity, ion-source

127

T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

The operation of third generation ECR ion source heated with 24 or 28 GHz microwave frequency shows a high energy x-ray spectrum with a characteristic temperature much higher than the one observed at the usual heating frequencies (14-18 GHz). The behaviour of the x-ray spectrum is studied based on the review of a set of data previously done at LBNL [1]. The data reviewed shows that the hot x-ray temperature scales with the ECR frequency. The experimental data is compared with the prediction of a simple model of ECR heating developed for this purpose. A formula to estimate the ECR resonance thickness is calculated. The model explains nicely the experimental x-ray temperature variation when the central magnetic field of the ECRIS is changed. It demonstrates that such a magnetic field variation does not change the electron confinement time and that the change of the x-ray spectrum temperature is due to the change of the ECR zone thickness. The only way for the model to reproduce the fact that the x-ray temperature scales with the ECR frequency is to assume that the electron confinement time scales (at least) with the ECR frequency. This result brings new credit to the theoretical prediction that the hot electron RF scattering is decreasing when the ECR frequency increases.[2,3] The spatial gyrac effect, which can be considered as another possible origin of the very hot x-ray produced in ECRIS is recalled for convenience in this paper.

Slides WEOBMH03 [1.214 MB]

THOMMH01

Boron Ion Beam Production with the Supernanogan ECR Ion Source for the CERN BIO-LEIR Facility

ion-source, ECR, plasma, operation

132

J.T. Stafford-Haworth, D. Küchler, V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany

To deliver B³⁺ ions for medical research the compounds decaborane and m-carborane were tested using the metal ions from volatile compounds (MIVOC) method with the Supernanogan 14.5 GHz ECR ion source. Using decaborane the source delivered less than 10 uA intensity of B³⁺ and after operation large deposits of material were found inside the source. Using m-carborane 50 uA of B³⁺ were delivered without support gas. For both compounds Helium and Oxygen support gasses were also tested, and the effects of different source tuning parameters are discussed. The average consumption of m-Carborane was 0.1 mg/uAh over all operation.

Slides THOMMH01 [2.223 MB]

THOMMH02

Application of an ECR Ion Source for Ionic Functionalization of Implant Materials on the Nanoscale

plasma, ion-source, ECR, target

135

R. Rácz, S. Biri, A. Csik, P. Hajdu, K. Vad
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
J. Bakó, I. Csarnovics, Cs. Hegedűs, V. Hegedűs, S. Kokenyesi, J. Pálinkás, T. Radics
University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Surface modification by variously charged heavy ions plays an increasingly important role since functionalization of surfaces and/or deeper layers at micro- and nanoscopic scale can be biologically useful for materials of medical implants. The functionalized surfaces have a huge potential in the field of nanotechnology, sensor devices as well. Our group explores the physical and biological effect of such treatments. In the recent phase of the research work the implantation of titanium and zirconium-dioxide samples by calcium, gold and silicon ions is required. The 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) of Atomki - a classical room-temperature ion source - was used in this study as an ion implanter to deliver low energy particles from wide range of elements. A new vacuum chamber and a sample holder for effective irradiation and the production of the beam itself were developed. The technical details of the irradiation and the first result of the physical investigations are described in this paper.

Slides THOMMH02 [1.769 MB]

THOMMH03

A Point-like Source of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Based on Non-equilibrium Discharge, Sustained by Powerful Radiation of Terahertz Gyrotron

radiation, plasma, vacuum, experiment

140

V. Sidorov, M.Yu. Glyavin, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, A.G. Litvak, G. Luchinin, D. Mansfeld, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, A. Vodopyanov
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: The work was supported by RSF within grant No 14-12-00609.
It is proposed in this paper to use discharge plasma supported by terahertz radiation as a source of EUV light for high-resolution lithography. In this report we discuss the experimental investigation of two types of EUV sources based on discharge, supported by powerful gyrotron radiation. Following investigation results are described: -a series of experiments that demonstrate the generation of EUV light from the vacuum-arc discharge plasma in tin vapor in the magnetic trap heated by gyrotron radiation with a frequency of 75 GHz under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions; -a numerical modeling of the plasma emissivity in the EUV range, depending on the parameters of the heating radiation is performed; -experimental studies of EUV emission from plasma discharge sustained by strong terahertz powerful radiation in inhomogeneous gas flows are started.

Slides THOMMH03 [1.249 MB]

THOBMH01

Closing Remarks for ECRIS'14

ECRIS, ECR, ion-source, plasma

144

T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

A scientific overview of the ECRIS14 workshop is proposed in this paper. The workshop content demonstrated that the ECR community is still very active and that research is of high interest for future accelerator projects. A selection of new results and development presented during the workshop is proposed.