Cyclotrons2016 - List of Authors (Ghergherehchi, M.)

Paper	Title	Page
MODM02	Magnet Optimization and Beam Dynamic Calculation of the 18 MeV Cyclotron by TOSCA and CYCLONE Codes	36
	N. Rahimpour Kalkhoran, H. Afarideh, M. Afkhami Karaei, S. Sabounchi AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Designing and manufacturing of the 18 MeV cyclotron has been started for producing H⁻ for applications in Posi-tron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotopes at Amirkabir University Of Technology. Up to this point, there were 2 steps in magnet design: Initial design and optimization processes. The AVF structure with hill and valley was selected for getting strong axial focusing in magnet design and achieving up to 18MeV energy for the particle. After finishing the initial design, optimization process in magnet design was started for achieving the best coincidence in magnetic field. Checking the beam dynamic of the particle is one of the most important and necessary steps after magnet simulation. The phenomenon which confirms simulated magnet validity is obtaining reasonable particle trajectory. This paper focused on the optimization process in magnet design and simulation of the beam dynamic. Some results which ensure a particle can be accelerated up to 18 MeV energy, are presented. All magnetic field calculation in whole magnet was calculated by OPERA-3D(TOSCA) code. Also beam dynamic analysis by applying magnetic field data from the magnet simulation was done in CYCLONE code.
	Poster MODM02 [1.860 MB]
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MODM03	Equivalent Circuit Model of Cyclotron RF System	39
	M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, S. Sabounchi, M. Salehi AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Cyclotron cavity modeled via electromagnetic circuits in the desired frequency. The design performed according to resonator basis and also cyclotron acceleration requirements with ADS software and compared to simulations made by the CST microwave studio. The scattering parameters obtained for main resonators of the cyclotron and Dee parts as a diaphragm for each of cavity sections and also for the whole structure. All the characteristics modeled and calculated by the electromagnetic rules and theory of resonators from circuit model. Then it analysed with numerical methods for bench-marking. Finally, it shows that the circuit model able to modeled accurately the cyclotron cavity and especially it can estimate precisely the structure parameters without any time consuming numerical method simulations.
	Poster MODM03 [1.475 MB]
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MOP03	Developed Numerical Code Based on the Effects of Space Charge in Central Region of 10 MeV Cyclotron	49
	M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, M. Mousavinia, R. Solhju, F. Taft AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To study of space charge effects in 10 MeV cyclotron of Amirkabir University of Technology the C++ code is developed. This cyclotron is designed to accelerate H⁻ up to 10MeV energy. The important components of cyclotron that effect on calculations of space charge include four sector magnets, 2 RF cavities with 71MHz frequency and internal PIG ion source. Equations of motion and effects of charged particles in electromagnetic field of accelerator are integrated in C++ code. The conventional method, 4-order Runge-Kutta, is used to solve the equations. The results of calculations show space charge effects of beam particles on each other in accelerating process.
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MOP08	Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen	64
	J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096). SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes.
	Poster MOP08 [4.292 MB]
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MOP20	Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size	105
	S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096 The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.
	Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]
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TUP22	PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier	215
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096) Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10
	Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]
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TUP23	Development of Magnetic Field Measurement Instrumentation for 10 MeV Cyclotron	218
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, H.J. Choi, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, W.J. Jun, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To produce a radio isotope for Positron Emission To-mography (PET), 10 MeV compact Cyclotron was in-stalled at Sungkyunkwan University. This cyclotron had been produced 10 MeV proton beam. For this cyclotron magnet, the magnetic field measurement instrumentation was being developed. The hall probe sensor was used for field measurement. This hall probe sensor moves radial direction and angular direction by mechanically. The Magnetic field measurement instrumentation measures the field in the range of 5 mm for radial direction and 1 degree for angular direction. Magnetic field was measured with and without cooling. Magnetic field was carried with 4 Gauss without cooling and 0.1 Gauss with cooling. Our developed magnetic field measurement instrumentation has 0.1 Gauss of an error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution over 9 hours.
	Poster TUP23 [14.585 MB]
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WEB03	Design and Simulation of Cavity for 18 MeV Cyclotron	267
	M. Mousavinia, H. Afarideh AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	RF system is the key part of cyclotron and cavity is the key part of RF system. The basic parameters of cavity design are the resonant frequency , dee voltage , RF phase and RF power. Proper operation of cavity depends on the suitable voltage distribution in accelerating gap, phase stability in cavity and as well as optimal scattering parameters. In this simulation by using CST MWS, different parts of cavity such as stam and dee are optimized to achieved optimum dimesnsions for desired resonant freq, dee voltage and RF power. Properties of designed cavity including: resonant frequency at 64.3 MHz, dee voltage is 45 kV and RF power is 11 kW.
	Slides WEB03 [3.767 MB]
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THP14	Design of RF Pick-up for the Cyclotron	336
	D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, S. Shin SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	The radio-frequency (RF) pick-up for RFT-30 cyclotron which was located in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was designed by Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. This paper covers proper position of RF pick-up and things to consider when designing. Our RF pick-up antenna is designed for RFT-30, but approach to design process can be used any RF pick-up antenna design. This paper provide some tendency graph according to position of RF pick-up.
	Poster THP14 [2.010 MB]
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THP15	Analysis of the Plasma Characteristics for Beam Current Optimization for TR-13 Cyclotron	339
	W.J. Jun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, Y.H. Yeon SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	There is a TR-13 cyclotron that extracts energy of 13 MeV protons which is located in Sungkyunkwan University. The components of the whole cyclotron are so old that cannot reproduce the situation that had been operated generally. So the researchers in this laboratory were eager to improve the technical problems of the components and finally optimize the beam profile. The finally extracted beam current is critically depends on the initially extracted beam from the ion source injection system (ISIS). The ISIS is composed of several electrical instruments. The voltage or current which is applied to these components can affect the finally extracted beam profile. However, the original values for the input voltage or current is almost fixed to special values that had been written in the operation manual. It means that the bad condition of this cyclotron cannot be matched for these values which had been conducted in the best condition of the operation. So, by using the programmable logic controller (PLC), it is possible to use varying inputs in various conditions, and the beam current is able to be stabilized much better than applying the constant input values. Finally, this paper would show the tendency of the plasma generation in terms of modulating the applying input values which occurs inside the ion source chamber. It represents the plasma characteristics that critically influence the beam current.
	Poster THP15 [2.407 MB]
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THD02	Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field	380
	S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.
	Slides THD02 [6.831 MB]
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Paper

Title

Page

Magnet Optimization and Beam Dynamic Calculation of the 18 MeV Cyclotron by TOSCA and CYCLONE Codes

36

N. Rahimpour Kalkhoran, H. Afarideh, M. Afkhami Karaei, S. Sabounchi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Designing and manufacturing of the 18 MeV cyclotron has been started for producing H⁻ for applications in Posi-tron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotopes at Amirkabir University Of Technology. Up to this point, there were 2 steps in magnet design: Initial design and optimization processes. The AVF structure with hill and valley was selected for getting strong axial focusing in magnet design and achieving up to 18MeV energy for the particle. After finishing the initial design, optimization process in magnet design was started for achieving the best coincidence in magnetic field. Checking the beam dynamic of the particle is one of the most important and necessary steps after magnet simulation. The phenomenon which confirms simulated magnet validity is obtaining reasonable particle trajectory. This paper focused on the optimization process in magnet design and simulation of the beam dynamic. Some results which ensure a particle can be accelerated up to 18 MeV energy, are presented. All magnetic field calculation in whole magnet was calculated by OPERA-3D(TOSCA) code. Also beam dynamic analysis by applying magnetic field data from the magnet simulation was done in CYCLONE code.

Poster MODM02 [1.860 MB]

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MODM03

Equivalent Circuit Model of Cyclotron RF System

39

M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, S. Sabounchi, M. Salehi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Cyclotron cavity modeled via electromagnetic circuits in the desired frequency. The design performed according to resonator basis and also cyclotron acceleration requirements with ADS software and compared to simulations made by the CST microwave studio. The scattering parameters obtained for main resonators of the cyclotron and Dee parts as a diaphragm for each of cavity sections and also for the whole structure. All the characteristics modeled and calculated by the electromagnetic rules and theory of resonators from circuit model. Then it analysed with numerical methods for bench-marking. Finally, it shows that the circuit model able to modeled accurately the cyclotron cavity and especially it can estimate precisely the structure parameters without any time consuming numerical method simulations.

Poster MODM03 [1.475 MB]

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MOP03

Developed Numerical Code Based on the Effects of Space Charge in Central Region of 10 MeV Cyclotron

49

M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, M. Mousavinia, R. Solhju, F. Taft
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To study of space charge effects in 10 MeV cyclotron of Amirkabir University of Technology the C++ code is developed. This cyclotron is designed to accelerate H⁻ up to 10MeV energy. The important components of cyclotron that effect on calculations of space charge include four sector magnets, 2 RF cavities with 71MHz frequency and internal PIG ion source. Equations of motion and effects of charged particles in electromagnetic field of accelerator are integrated in C++ code. The conventional method, 4-order Runge-Kutta, is used to solve the equations. The results of calculations show space charge effects of beam particles on each other in accelerating process.

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MOP08

Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen

64

J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096).
SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes.

Poster MOP08 [4.292 MB]

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MOP20

Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size

105

S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096
The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.

Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]

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TUP22

PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier

215

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096)
Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10

Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]

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TUP23

Development of Magnetic Field Measurement Instrumentation for 10 MeV Cyclotron

218

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, H.J. Choi, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, W.J. Jun, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To produce a radio isotope for Positron Emission To-mography (PET), 10 MeV compact Cyclotron was in-stalled at Sungkyunkwan University. This cyclotron had been produced 10 MeV proton beam. For this cyclotron magnet, the magnetic field measurement instrumentation was being developed. The hall probe sensor was used for field measurement. This hall probe sensor moves radial direction and angular direction by mechanically. The Magnetic field measurement instrumentation measures the field in the range of 5 mm for radial direction and 1 degree for angular direction. Magnetic field was measured with and without cooling. Magnetic field was carried with 4 Gauss without cooling and 0.1 Gauss with cooling. Our developed magnetic field measurement instrumentation has 0.1 Gauss of an error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution over 9 hours.

Poster TUP23 [14.585 MB]

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WEB03

Design and Simulation of Cavity for 18 MeV Cyclotron

267

M. Mousavinia, H. Afarideh
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

RF system is the key part of cyclotron and cavity is the key part of RF system. The basic parameters of cavity design are the resonant frequency , dee voltage , RF phase and RF power. Proper operation of cavity depends on the suitable voltage distribution in accelerating gap, phase stability in cavity and as well as optimal scattering parameters. In this simulation by using CST MWS, different parts of cavity such as stam and dee are optimized to achieved optimum dimesnsions for desired resonant freq, dee voltage and RF power. Properties of designed cavity including: resonant frequency at 64.3 MHz, dee voltage is 45 kV and RF power is 11 kW.

Slides WEB03 [3.767 MB]

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THP14

Design of RF Pick-up for the Cyclotron

336

D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, S. Shin
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

The radio-frequency (RF) pick-up for RFT-30 cyclotron which was located in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was designed by Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. This paper covers proper position of RF pick-up and things to consider when designing. Our RF pick-up antenna is designed for RFT-30, but approach to design process can be used any RF pick-up antenna design. This paper provide some tendency graph according to position of RF pick-up.

Poster THP14 [2.010 MB]

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THP15

Analysis of the Plasma Characteristics for Beam Current Optimization for TR-13 Cyclotron

339

W.J. Jun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, Y.H. Yeon
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

There is a TR-13 cyclotron that extracts energy of 13 MeV protons which is located in Sungkyunkwan University. The components of the whole cyclotron are so old that cannot reproduce the situation that had been operated generally. So the researchers in this laboratory were eager to improve the technical problems of the components and finally optimize the beam profile. The finally extracted beam current is critically depends on the initially extracted beam from the ion source injection system (ISIS). The ISIS is composed of several electrical instruments. The voltage or current which is applied to these components can affect the finally extracted beam profile. However, the original values for the input voltage or current is almost fixed to special values that had been written in the operation manual. It means that the bad condition of this cyclotron cannot be matched for these values which had been conducted in the best condition of the operation. So, by using the programmable logic controller (PLC), it is possible to use varying inputs in various conditions, and the beam current is able to be stabilized much better than applying the constant input values. Finally, this paper would show the tendency of the plasma generation in terms of modulating the applying input values which occurs inside the ion source chamber. It represents the plasma characteristics that critically influence the beam current.

Poster THP15 [2.407 MB]

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THD02

Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field

380

S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.

Slides THD02 [6.831 MB]

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