Fermilab, Batavia, USA
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
ANL, Argonne, USA
A multi-MW proton facility, Project X, has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. We are carrying out a program of research and development aimed at integrated systems testing of critical components comprising the front end of the Project X. This program is being undertaken as a key component of the larger Project X R&D program. The successful completion of this program will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing a primary technical risk element within Project X. Integrated systems testing, known as the Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE), will be accomplished with a new test facility under construction at Fermilab and will be completed over the period FY12- 17. PXIE will include an H− ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two superconductive RF (SRF) cryomodules providing up to 25 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA (upgradable to 2 mA). Successful systems testing will also demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that are expected find applications beyond Project X.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Construction of PXIE, (Project-X Injector Experiment) has recently begun. The goal is to validate the design of the injector and low energy acceleration front-end for a future Project-X. PXIE operates in CW mode and consists in an ion source, a magnetically focused LEBT, a 162.5 MHz RFQ, a MEBT equipped with high bandwidth traveling wave kickers, a cryomodule equipped with 162.5 MHz half-wave resonators and a single cryomodule based on 325 MHz spoke resonators. The arrangement is meant to be closely representative of a future Project-X front end, and will include a variety of diagnostics. In this contribution we present detailed end-to-end tracking simulations. In particular, we examine possible impact of the RFQ longitudinal distribution, neutralization effects in the LEBT as well as of various imperfections in the MEBT on losses in the first superconducting cavities.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Fermilab is planning a megawatt-level proton beam facility utilizing niobium superconducting RF (SRF) cavities. Project X at Fermilab will eventually provide high-intensity beams for research into the nature of matter at the "intensity frontier". Research and development in several areas will bring the SRF technology to the level needed for this application. Among developments in SRF being pursued with our national and international collaborators are 162.5 MHz half-wave resonators, 325 MHz single-spoke resonators, and two types of elliptical multi-cell 650 MHz cavities. Performance requirements for these cavities and cryomodules in continuous wave (CW) operation are extremely stringent in order to provide high accelerating gradients with acceptable total cryogenic load and overall accelerator capital and operating costs. This paper presents some highlights of the SRF R&D program and proton linac development work at Fermilab.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Single spoke resonators SSR2 (f=325 MHz) are under development at Fermilab. These cavities can meet requirements of Project X (FNAL) and RISP (Korea). The initial design of SSR2 cavities has been modified and optimized in order to satisfy the necessities of both projects. This paper will discuss the RF optimization for a single spoke resonator with a 50 mm beam pipe aperture and an optimal beta of 0.51. Further, the approach to the mechanical design of the cavity will be presented together with the proposed helium vessel. The latter is intended to guarantee a low He pressure sensitivity df/dp of the entire jacketed SSR2 and actively control the microphonics.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Project-X is a high intensity proton source in development at Fermilab. At its heart is a linac based on superconducting technology comprising two distinct sections. The first one operates in CW mode and delivers beam with a flexible time structure to simultaneous experimental programs at 1 and 3 GeV. The second one operates in pulsed mode and accelerates a modest fraction (5%) of the beam from 3 GeV to 8 GeV for accumulation in the existing Main Injector complex. In an era of constrained budgets, construction in stages -with each stage capable of supporting worthy scientific programs - may be advantageous. Requirements for each program, coupled to the physical constraints imposed by the Fermilab site have led to a few possible scenarios, which are discussed in this contribution. In particular, we examine the implications of introducing bends in the linac at 1 and 3 GeV in terms of overall performance, flexibility and cost.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA