IBIC2012 - List of Keywords (monitoring)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPA09	Comparison of Three Different Concepts of High Dynamic Range and Dependability Optimised Current Measurement Digitisers for Beam Loss Systems	radiation, status, detector, operation	66
	W. Viganò, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, G.G. Venturini, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The first concept is based on current to frequency conversion, enhanced with an ADC for extending the dynamic range and decreasing the response time. A summary of 3 years worth of operational experience with such a system for LHC beam loss monitoring will be given. The second principle is based on an adaptive current to frequency converter implemented in an ASIC. The basic parameters of the circuit are discussed and compared with measurements. Several measures are taken to harden both circuits against single event effects and to make them tolerant for operation in radioactive environments. The third circuit is based on a fully differential integrator for enhanced dynamic range, where laboratory and test installation measurements will be presented. All circuits are designed to avoid any dead time in the acquisition and have reliability and fail safe operational considerations taken into account.

MOPA12	Characterization of a Wide Dynamic-range, Radiation-tolerant Charge-digitizer ASIC for Monitoring of Beam Losses	radiation, operation, detector, FPGA	74
	G.G. Venturini, F. Anghinolfi, B. Dehning CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Kayal EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) has been designed and fabricated to provide a compact solution to digitize current signals from ionization chambers and diamond detectors, employed as beam loss monitors at CERN and several other high energy physics facilities. The circuit topology has been devised to accept positive and negative currents, to have a wide dynamic range (above 120 dB), withstand radiation levels over 100kGy and offer different modes of operation, covering a broad range of applications. Furthermore, an internal conversion reference is employed in the digitization, to provide an accurate absolute measurement. This paper discusses the detailed characterization of the first prototype: linearity, radiation tolerance and temperature dependence of the conversion, as well as implications and system-level considerations regarding its use for beam instrumentation applications in a high energy physics facility.

MOPB51	Beam Monitors of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Particle Therapy	ion, controls, cathode, vacuum	182
	T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, T. Inaniwa, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	At National Institute of Radiological Sciences, more than 6500 patients have been successfully treated by carbon beams since 1994. The successful results of treatments have led us to construct a new treatment facility equipped with three-dimensional pencil beam scanning irradiation system. The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system installed into the new facility was started in September 2010, and the treatment with scanned ion beam was started in May 2011. In the scanning delivery system, beam monitors are some of the most important components. In order to measure and control the dose of each spot, the main and the sub ionization chambers are placed separately as flux monitors. For monitoring of the scanned beam position, a beam position monitor, which is multi-wire proportional chamber, is installed just downstream from the flux monitors. This monitor can output not only the beam position but also the 2D fluence distribution using dynamic fast convolution algorithm. In this paper, the design and the commissioning of these monitors are described.

TUPA07	BPM Selection for Beam Current Monitoring in SSRF	storage-ring, operation, experiment, instrumentation	341
	Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Although Direct Current Current Transformer (DCCT) is the general solution of beam current monitor, Beam Position Monitor (BPM) sum signals may still surpass it in some aspects such as the faster data rate and higher resolution in low current situations. Nevertheless, an additional monitor should be harmless. Meanwhile, the DCCTs in the storage ring of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) have been suffering from various noise and the signals from the BPMs could be an aid to provide the beam current more accurately. There're 140 BPMs in the storage ring in SSRF but not all of them are suitable for this particular usage. This article focuses on the methods used here to dynamicly choose the BPMs that meet the criteria.

TUPA09	System Architecture for Measuring and Monitoring Beam Losses in the Injector Complex at CERN	FPGA, detector, controls, injection	347
	C. Zamantzas, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, S. Jackson, M. Kwiatkowski, W. Viganò CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The strategy for beam setup and machine protection of the accelerators at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is mainly based on its Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) systems. For their upgrade to higher beam energies and intensities, a new BLM system is under development with the aim of providing faster measurement updates with higher dynamic range and the ability to accept more types of detectors as input compared to its predecessors. In this paper, the architecture of the complete system is explored giving an insight to the design choices made to provide a highly reconfigurable system that is able to fulfil the different requirements of each accelerator using reprogrammable devices.

TUPA15	Beam Postion Monitor for Energy Recovery Linac	pick-up, linac, vacuum, electronics	361
	I. Pinayev BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by US Department of Energy. The energy recovery linacs have co-propagating beams in the same vacuum vessel. These beams can have different trajectories, which should be distinguished by beam position monitors (BPM). In this paper we present a concept of BPM utilizing the phase information for calculation individual position of each of the two beams (accelerating and decelerating). The practical realizations are presented and achievable accuracy is estimated.

TUPA23	Performance of a Downconverter Test-electronics with MTCA-based Digitizers for Beam Position Monitoring in 3.9 GHz Accelerating Cavities	HOM, electronics, electron, cavity	386
	T. Wamsat, N. Baboi, B. Lorbeer DESY, Hamburg, Germany P. Zhang UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Beam excited higher order modes (HOM) in 3.9GHz accelerating cavities at the European XFEL are planned to be used for beam position monitoring. The selected HOMs are located around 5440MHz and 9060MHz and are filtered in a bandwidth of 100MHz. A downconverter test electronics converts the HOMs to an intermediate frequency of 70MHz. The μTCA (Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture) standard will be used for the XFEL. Thus it is important to have a performance study of the downconverter test electronics using the μTCA digitizer card SIS8300. In the digitizer IF frequency of 70MHz is undersampled with a clock frequency of 108MS/s. The paper will present the performance of the digitizer together with the test-electronics. A comparison with a 216MS/s VME (Versa Module Eurocard) digitizer will be made.

TUPA29	Implementation of an FPGA Based System Survey and Diagnostic Reader with the Aim to Increase the System Dependability	diagnostics, interface, survey, FPGA	409
	M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, M. Kwiatkowski, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The operation and machine protection of accelerators practically rely on their underlying instrumentation systems and a failure of any of those systems could pose a significant impact on the overall reliability and availability. In order to improve the detection and in some cases the prevention of failures, a survey mechanism could be integrated to the system that collects crucial information about the current system status through a number of acquisition modules. The implementation and integration of such a method is presented with the aim to standardize the implementation, where the acquisition modules share a common build and are connected through a standardized interface to a survey reader. The reader collects regularly data and controls the readout intervals. The information collected from these modules is used locally in the FPGA device to identify critical system failures and results in an immediate failsafe reaction with the data also transmitted and stored in external databases for offline analysis.

TUPA30	Development of a Beam Loss Measurement System with Gigabit Ethernet Readout at CERN	Ethernet, FPGA, software, network	414
	M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, E. Angelogiannopoulos, B. Dehning, S. Jackson, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The aim of the BLM Dual Polarity card under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is to measure and digitise with high precision the current produced by several types of beam loss detectors. In its default configuration, it is expected to provide data to the processing electronics through two point-to-point connections with bidirectional multi-gigabit optical links. For the development phases as well as later serving as a stand-alone measurement system, its reconfigurable FPGA device is exploited to provide a soft-core CPU with a custom made server. This server, running on the CPU, will expose through the Gigabit Ethernet connection and the TCP/IP protocol different types of data in the network. In this paper the development of the system and of the communication protocol is explored as well as the accompanying client application that is realised with the purpose of commanding, collecting storing and viewing the different types of data.

TUPA31	A Real-Time FPGA Based Algorithm for the Combination of Beam Loss Acquisition Methods used for Measurement Dynamic Range Expansion	FPGA, simulation, operation, embedded	419
	M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The aim of the Beam Loss Monitoring Dual Polarity (BLEDP) module under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is to measure and digitise with high precision the current produced by several types of beam loss detectors. The BLEDP module consists of eight analogue channels each with a fully differential integrator and an accompanying 16 bit ADC at the output of each analogue integrator. The on-board FPGA device controls the integral periods, instructs the ADC devices to perform measurements at the end of each period and collects the measurements. In the next stage it combines the number of charge and discharge cycles accounted in the last interval together with the cycle fractions observed using the ADC samples to produce a digitized high precision value of the charges collected. This paper describes briefly the principle of the fully differential integrator and focuses on the algorithm employed to process the digital data.

WEIB02	Review of Reliability Concepts Applied to Beam Loss Monitoring Systems	controls, survey, detector, operation	550
	B. Dehning CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Beam loss measurement systems are often used for the protection of equipment against the damage caused by impacting particles creating secondary showers and their energy dissipation in the matter. Depending on the acceptable consequences and the frequency of particle impact events on equipment reliability requirements are scaling accordingly. Increasing reliability often leads to more complex systems. The downside of complexity is a reduction of availability, therefore an optimum has to be found for these conflicting requirements. A detailed review of selected concepts and solutions from real-life examples will be given to show approaches used in various parts of the system from the sensors, signal processing, and software implementations up to the requirements for operation and documentation.
	Slides WEIB02 [4.609 MB]

THCB02	Twisting Wire Scanner	vacuum, feedback, software, controls	607
	V. Gharibyan, A. Delfs, I. Krouptchenkov, D. Nölle, H. Tiessen, M. Werner, K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	A new type of 'two-in-one' wire scanner is proposed. Recent advances in linear motors' technology make it possible to combine translational and rotational movements. This will allow to scan the beam in two perpendicular directions using a single driving motor and a special fork attached to it. Vertical or horizontal mounting will help to escape problems associated with the 45 deg scanners. Test results of the translational part with linear motors will be presented.
	Slides THCB02 [5.591 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

Comparison of Three Different Concepts of High Dynamic Range and Dependability Optimised Current Measurement Digitisers for Beam Loss Systems

radiation, status, detector, operation

66

W. Viganò, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, G.G. Venturini, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The first concept is based on current to frequency conversion, enhanced with an ADC for extending the dynamic range and decreasing the response time. A summary of 3 years worth of operational experience with such a system for LHC beam loss monitoring will be given. The second principle is based on an adaptive current to frequency converter implemented in an ASIC. The basic parameters of the circuit are discussed and compared with measurements. Several measures are taken to harden both circuits against single event effects and to make them tolerant for operation in radioactive environments. The third circuit is based on a fully differential integrator for enhanced dynamic range, where laboratory and test installation measurements will be presented. All circuits are designed to avoid any dead time in the acquisition and have reliability and fail safe operational considerations taken into account.

MOPA12

Characterization of a Wide Dynamic-range, Radiation-tolerant Charge-digitizer ASIC for Monitoring of Beam Losses

radiation, operation, detector, FPGA

74

G.G. Venturini, F. Anghinolfi, B. Dehning
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Kayal
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) has been designed and fabricated to provide a compact solution to digitize current signals from ionization chambers and diamond detectors, employed as beam loss monitors at CERN and several other high energy physics facilities. The circuit topology has been devised to accept positive and negative currents, to have a wide dynamic range (above 120 dB), withstand radiation levels over 100kGy and offer different modes of operation, covering a broad range of applications. Furthermore, an internal conversion reference is employed in the digitization, to provide an accurate absolute measurement. This paper discusses the detailed characterization of the first prototype: linearity, radiation tolerance and temperature dependence of the conversion, as well as implications and system-level considerations regarding its use for beam instrumentation applications in a high energy physics facility.

MOPB51

Beam Monitors of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Particle Therapy

ion, controls, cathode, vacuum

182

T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, T. Inaniwa, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

At National Institute of Radiological Sciences, more than 6500 patients have been successfully treated by carbon beams since 1994. The successful results of treatments have led us to construct a new treatment facility equipped with three-dimensional pencil beam scanning irradiation system. The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system installed into the new facility was started in September 2010, and the treatment with scanned ion beam was started in May 2011. In the scanning delivery system, beam monitors are some of the most important components. In order to measure and control the dose of each spot, the main and the sub ionization chambers are placed separately as flux monitors. For monitoring of the scanned beam position, a beam position monitor, which is multi-wire proportional chamber, is installed just downstream from the flux monitors. This monitor can output not only the beam position but also the 2D fluence distribution using dynamic fast convolution algorithm. In this paper, the design and the commissioning of these monitors are described.

TUPA07

BPM Selection for Beam Current Monitoring in SSRF

storage-ring, operation, experiment, instrumentation

341

Z.C. Chen, Y.B. Leng, Y.B. Yan
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Although Direct Current Current Transformer (DCCT) is the general solution of beam current monitor, Beam Position Monitor (BPM) sum signals may still surpass it in some aspects such as the faster data rate and higher resolution in low current situations. Nevertheless, an additional monitor should be harmless. Meanwhile, the DCCTs in the storage ring of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) have been suffering from various noise and the signals from the BPMs could be an aid to provide the beam current more accurately. There're 140 BPMs in the storage ring in SSRF but not all of them are suitable for this particular usage. This article focuses on the methods used here to dynamicly choose the BPMs that meet the criteria.

TUPA09

System Architecture for Measuring and Monitoring Beam Losses in the Injector Complex at CERN

FPGA, detector, controls, injection

347

C. Zamantzas, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, S. Jackson, M. Kwiatkowski, W. Viganò
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The strategy for beam setup and machine protection of the accelerators at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is mainly based on its Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) systems. For their upgrade to higher beam energies and intensities, a new BLM system is under development with the aim of providing faster measurement updates with higher dynamic range and the ability to accept more types of detectors as input compared to its predecessors. In this paper, the architecture of the complete system is explored giving an insight to the design choices made to provide a highly reconfigurable system that is able to fulfil the different requirements of each accelerator using reprogrammable devices.

TUPA15

Beam Postion Monitor for Energy Recovery Linac

pick-up, linac, vacuum, electronics

361

I. Pinayev
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: This work is supported by US Department of Energy.
The energy recovery linacs have co-propagating beams in the same vacuum vessel. These beams can have different trajectories, which should be distinguished by beam position monitors (BPM). In this paper we present a concept of BPM utilizing the phase information for calculation individual position of each of the two beams (accelerating and decelerating). The practical realizations are presented and achievable accuracy is estimated.

TUPA23

Performance of a Downconverter Test-electronics with MTCA-based Digitizers for Beam Position Monitoring in 3.9 GHz Accelerating Cavities

HOM, electronics, electron, cavity

386

T. Wamsat, N. Baboi, B. Lorbeer
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
P. Zhang
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Beam excited higher order modes (HOM) in 3.9GHz accelerating cavities at the European XFEL are planned to be used for beam position monitoring. The selected HOMs are located around 5440MHz and 9060MHz and are filtered in a bandwidth of 100MHz. A downconverter test electronics converts the HOMs to an intermediate frequency of 70MHz. The μTCA (Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture) standard will be used for the XFEL. Thus it is important to have a performance study of the downconverter test electronics using the μTCA digitizer card SIS8300. In the digitizer IF frequency of 70MHz is undersampled with a clock frequency of 108MS/s. The paper will present the performance of the digitizer together with the test-electronics. A comparison with a 216MS/s VME (Versa Module Eurocard) digitizer will be made.

TUPA29

Implementation of an FPGA Based System Survey and Diagnostic Reader with the Aim to Increase the System Dependability

diagnostics, interface, survey, FPGA

409

M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, M. Kwiatkowski, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The operation and machine protection of accelerators practically rely on their underlying instrumentation systems and a failure of any of those systems could pose a significant impact on the overall reliability and availability. In order to improve the detection and in some cases the prevention of failures, a survey mechanism could be integrated to the system that collects crucial information about the current system status through a number of acquisition modules. The implementation and integration of such a method is presented with the aim to standardize the implementation, where the acquisition modules share a common build and are connected through a standardized interface to a survey reader. The reader collects regularly data and controls the readout intervals. The information collected from these modules is used locally in the FPGA device to identify critical system failures and results in an immediate failsafe reaction with the data also transmitted and stored in external databases for offline analysis.

TUPA30

Development of a Beam Loss Measurement System with Gigabit Ethernet Readout at CERN

Ethernet, FPGA, software, network

414

M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, E. Angelogiannopoulos, B. Dehning, S. Jackson, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The aim of the BLM Dual Polarity card under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is to measure and digitise with high precision the current produced by several types of beam loss detectors. In its default configuration, it is expected to provide data to the processing electronics through two point-to-point connections with bidirectional multi-gigabit optical links. For the development phases as well as later serving as a stand-alone measurement system, its reconfigurable FPGA device is exploited to provide a soft-core CPU with a custom made server. This server, running on the CPU, will expose through the Gigabit Ethernet connection and the TCP/IP protocol different types of data in the network. In this paper the development of the system and of the communication protocol is explored as well as the accompanying client application that is realised with the purpose of commanding, collecting storing and viewing the different types of data.

TUPA31

A Real-Time FPGA Based Algorithm for the Combination of Beam Loss Acquisition Methods used for Measurement Dynamic Range Expansion

FPGA, simulation, operation, embedded

419

M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The aim of the Beam Loss Monitoring Dual Polarity (BLEDP) module under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) is to measure and digitise with high precision the current produced by several types of beam loss detectors. The BLEDP module consists of eight analogue channels each with a fully differential integrator and an accompanying 16 bit ADC at the output of each analogue integrator. The on-board FPGA device controls the integral periods, instructs the ADC devices to perform measurements at the end of each period and collects the measurements. In the next stage it combines the number of charge and discharge cycles accounted in the last interval together with the cycle fractions observed using the ADC samples to produce a digitized high precision value of the charges collected. This paper describes briefly the principle of the fully differential integrator and focuses on the algorithm employed to process the digital data.

WEIB02

Review of Reliability Concepts Applied to Beam Loss Monitoring Systems

controls, survey, detector, operation

550

B. Dehning
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Beam loss measurement systems are often used for the protection of equipment against the damage caused by impacting particles creating secondary showers and their energy dissipation in the matter. Depending on the acceptable consequences and the frequency of particle impact events on equipment reliability requirements are scaling accordingly. Increasing reliability often leads to more complex systems. The downside of complexity is a reduction of availability, therefore an optimum has to be found for these conflicting requirements. A detailed review of selected concepts and solutions from real-life examples will be given to show approaches used in various parts of the system from the sensors, signal processing, and software implementations up to the requirements for operation and documentation.

Slides WEIB02 [4.609 MB]

THCB02

Twisting Wire Scanner

vacuum, feedback, software, controls

607

V. Gharibyan, A. Delfs, I. Krouptchenkov, D. Nölle, H. Tiessen, M. Werner, K. Wittenburg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

A new type of 'two-in-one' wire scanner is proposed. Recent advances in linear motors' technology make it possible to combine translational and rotational movements. This will allow to scan the beam in two perpendicular directions using a single driving motor and a special fork attached to it. Vertical or horizontal mounting will help to escape problems associated with the 45 deg scanners. Test results of the translational part with linear motors will be presented.

Slides THCB02 [5.591 MB]