NAPAC2019 - Table of Session: TUPLH (Tuesday Poster Session-Lake Huron)

Paper	Title	Page
TUPLH01	Status of the Superconducting Undulator Program at the Advanced Photon Source	490
	M. Kasa, E.R. Anliker, J.D. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, W.G. Jansma, I. Kesginpresenter, Y. Shiroyanagi ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Since 2013 there has been at least one superconducting undulator (SCU) in operation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), currently there are two planar SCUs and one helical SCU. The combined operational experience of SCUs at the APS is more than 11 years and counting. Through all these years, APS SCUs operated with the predicted or better than predicted radiation performance and with 99% availability. With this demonstrated reliability and experimentally confirmed spectral performance, the APS upgrade project is planning on leveraging the advantages of SCU technology. The present planar SCUs are comprised of ~1.1-m-long magnets, each operated within a 2-m-long cryostat, while the planar SCUs for the upgrade will have two ~1.8-m-long magnets operating within a 5-m-long cryostat. Progress is also being made in other areas of SCU development with work on an arbitrary polarizing SCU, referred to as SCAPE, and a planar SCU wound with Nb₃Sn superconductor. A Nb₃Sn SCU is being designed with two 1.3-m-long magnets within a 5-m-long cryostat, and installation is planned for 2021. Also under development are the alignment and magnetic measurement systems for use with the 5-m-long cryostat.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH01
About •	paper received ※ 26 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH03	Double-Bend Achromat Beamline for Injection Into a High-Power Superconducting Electron Linac	494
	C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Hipplepresenter Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA S.M. Lund FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA V.S. Morozov JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	To take advantage of the high duty cycle operation of superconducting electron linacs, commercial systems use thermionic cathode electron guns that fill every RF bucket with an electron bunch. In continuous operation, the exit energy is limited when compared to pulsed systems. Bunch length and energy spread at the exit of the gun are incompatible with low losses in the superconducting cavity. A solenoid double-bend achromatic beamline is in operation at Niowave which allows energy and bunch length filtering of the beam leaving the gun before injection into the superconducting cavity. This system uses two solenoids and two dipoles to produce a round beam, using the edge angles of the dipoles to balance the focusing effects in the two transverse planes. The design allows beam filtering on the symmetry plane where the dispersion is maximum. Additionally, the bend angle moves the electron gun off the high-energy beam axis, allowing multiple-pass operation of the superconducting booster. This contribution will discuss the beam optics design of the double-bend achromat along with the design of the magnets and beam chambers and the operational experience with the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH03
About •	paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH04	Feasibility Study of Fast Polarization Switching Superconducting Undulator	497
	I. Kesgin, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO₂-O6CH11357. Polarization switching x-ray probes coupled with high-flux provide a unique tool to unraveling the nature of electronic heterogeneity and drive discovery of novel phases of electronic matter. Superconducting Arbitrary Polarization Emitter (SCAPE) is a new concept for a universal undulator, which offers linear or circular polarization states in one device and is ideal for experiments that require polarization switching. Polarization switching relies on modulating the magnetic field in the undulator. This, however, inevitably incurs losses in superconductors, which need to be mitigated. In this study, feasibility of fast switching SCAPE has been investigated through fabricating and testing several short prototype magnets wound with different superconductors and new design concepts. The losses at different frequencies and field amplitudes are measured and details will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH04
About •	paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH07	High-Gradient Short Pulse Accelerating Structures	500
	S.V. Kuzikov, S.P. Antipov, E. Gomez Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA A.A. Vikharev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	High gradients are necessary for lots of applications of electron accelerators. As the maximum gradient is limited by effects of RF breakdown, we present a development of an electron accelerating structure operating with a short multi-megawatt RF pulse. The structure exploits an idea to decrease the breakdown probability due to RF pulse length reduction. This concept requires to distribute RF power so that all accelerating cells are fed independently each other. This implies waveguide net system which allows to delay and to distribute properly RF radiation along the structure keeping synchronism of particles and waves. We have designed an X-band pi-mode structure including the RF design, optimization, and engineering. The structure will be tested as an RF power extractor at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility for two-beam acceleration experiments. In this regime we anticipate to obtain 10 ns, gigawatt power level RF pulses generated by train consisted of eight 25-50 nC relativistic bunches.
	Poster TUPLH07 [0.999 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH07
About •	paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH08	X-Ray and Charged Particle Detection by Detuning of a Microwave Resonator	503
	S.P. Antipov, P.V. Avrakhov, E. Dosov, E. Gomez, S.V. Kuzikov Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA S. Stoupin Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA A.A. Vikharev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: DOE SBIR Charged particle detection is important for beam alignment, beam loss and background control. In case of halo detection, traditional wire scanner measurement utilizing carbon or tungsten wires is limited by the damage threshold of these materials. In this paper we present an electrodeless method to measure halo with a diamond scraper. This measurement utilizes a microwave resonator placed around the diamond scraper which is sensitive to charged particle-induced conductivity. Due to this transient induced conductivity in the dielectric, a microwave coupling to the resonator changes. Diamond in this case is chosen as a radiation hard material with excellent thermal properties. The absence of electrodes makes the device robust under the beam. The same measurement can be done for x-ray flux monitoring which is important for measurement feedback and calibration at modern x-ray light sources. In this case x-rays passing through the diamond sensing element enable a photo-induced conductivity and that in turn detunes the cavity placed around the diamond. Diamond being a low-Z material allows for in-line x-ray flux measurement without significant beam attenuation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH08
About •	paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH09	Thermal Effects on Bragg Diffraction of XFEL Optics	506
SUPLH05	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Z. Qu, J. Wu, G. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Y. Ma, Z. Qu UC Merced, Merced, California, USA B. Yang Western Digital, Milpitas, California, USA
	Funding: The US Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-AC02-76SF00515); The US DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program grant (FWP-2013-SLAC-100164). Crystal optical devices are widely used in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) systems, monochromators, beam splitters, high-reflectance backscattering mirrors, lenses, phase plates, diffraction gratings, and spectrometers. The absorption of X-ray in these optical devices can cause increase of temperature and consequent thermal deformation, which can dynamic change in optic output. In self-seeding XFEL, the thermal deformation and strain in monochromator could cause significant seed quality degradation: central energy shift, band broadening and reduction in seed power. To quantitatively estimate the impact of thermomechanical effects on seed quality, we conduct thermomechanical simulations combined with diffraction to evaluate the seed quality with residual temperature field in a pump-probe manner. With our results, we show that a critical repetition rate could be determined, once the criteria for deviation of the seed quality are selected. This tool shows great potential for the design of XFEL optics for stable operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH09
About •	paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 13 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH10	Fabrication Progress of a Superconducting Helical Undulator with Superimposed Focusing Gradient for High Efficiency Tapered X-Ray FELs	509
	S.M. Lynam, R.B. Agustsson, I.I. Gadjev, A.Yu. Smirnov RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA F.H. O’Shea Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	Funding: This work is supported by DOE grant no. DE-SC0017072, "Superconducting Helical Undulator with Superimposed Focusing Gradient for High Efficiency Tapered X-Ray FELs" The Advanced Gradient Undulator (AGU) represents a potentially significant advancement in x-ray conversion efficiency for x-ray FELs. This increase in efficiency would have broad implications on the capabilities of x-ray light sources. To achieve this high conversion efficiency, the inner diameter of the undulator coil is a mere 7mm, even with the use of superconducting coils. To accommodate the beamline at the Advanced Photon Source this yields in a chamber with a wall thickness of 0.5mm fabricated from Aluminum. With a period of 2cm and a conductor position tolerance of <100 µm over a length of >80cm at 4.2K, the engineering and fabrication challenges for the undulator alone are substantial. We will discuss these fabrication challenges and present solutions to meet the tolerances required for desired performance, and provide an update on current progress of the construction of a section of the AGU insertion device.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH10
About •	paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 16 November 2020 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH12	Recent Developments in High Power High Brightness Double Bunch Self-Seeding at LCLS-II
MOZBA4	use link to access more material from this paper's primary paper code
	A. Halavanau, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, C. Emma, Z. Huang, A.A. Lutman, G. Marcus, C. Pellegrini SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	We discuss the power and spectral characteristics of an X-ray FEL, LCLS-II, operating in a double bunch self-seeding scheme (DBFEL). We show that it can reach very high power levels in the photon energy range of 4-8 keV. We discuss the system implementation on LCLS-II, including the design of a four-bounce crystal monochromator, and linac wakefields effects. Finally, we offer multiple applications of the DBFEL for high-field QED, AMO physics and single particle imaging.
	Slides MOZBA4 [3.175 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-MOZBA4
About •	paper received ※ 02 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH13	Study of Fluctuations in Undulator Radiation in the IOTA Ring at Fermilab
SUPLH03	use link to access more material from this paper's primary paper code
THYBA5	use link to access more material from this paper's primary paper code
	I. Lobach University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA A. Halavanau, Z. Huang, V. Yakimenko SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA K. Kim ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA V.A. Lebedev, S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A.Y. Murokh RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA T.V. Shaftan BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	We study turn-by-turn fluctuations in the number of emitted photons in an undulator, installed in the IOTA electron storage ring at Fermilab, with an InGaAs PIN photodiode and an integrating circuit. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for the experimental data from previous similar experiments and in our present experiment, we attempt to verify the model in an independent and a more systematic way. Moreover, in our experiment we consider the regime of very small fluctuation when the contribution from the photon shot noise is significant, whereas we believe it was negligible in the previous experiments. Accordingly, we present certain critical improvements in the experimental setup that let us measure such a small fluctuation.
	Slides THYBA5 [8.048 MB]
	Poster THYBA5 [3.079 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-THYBA5
About •	paper received ※ 24 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH14	Strongly Tapered Helical Undulator System for TESSA-266
MOZBA3	use link to access more material from this paper's primary paper code
	T.J. Campese, R.B. Agustsson, I.I. Gadjev, A.Y. Murokh RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA W. Berg, A. Zholents ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA P.E. Denham, P. Musumeci, Y. Park UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
	Funding: DOE SBIR Award No. DE-SC0017102 RadiaBeam, in collaboration with UCLA and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), is developing a strongly tapered helical undulator system for the Tapering Enhanced Stimulated Superradiant Amplification experiment at 266 nm (TESSA-266). The experiment will be carried out at the APS LEA facility at ANL and aims at the demonstration of very high energy conversion efficiency in the UV. The undulator system was designed by UCLA, engineered by RadiaBeam, and is presently in fabrication at RadiaBeam. The design is based on a permanent magnet Halbach scheme and includes a short 30 cm long buncher section and four 1 m long undulator sections. The undulator period is fixed at 32 mm and the magnetic field amplitude can be tapered by tuning the gap along the interaction. Each magnet can be individually adjusted by 1.03 mm, offering up to 25% magnetic field tunability with a minimum gap of 5.58 mm. A custom designed 316L stainless steel beampipe runs through the center with a clear aperture of 4.5 mm. This paper discusses the design and engineering of the undulator system, fabrication status, and plans for magnetic measurements, and tuning.
	Slides MOZBA3 [8.942 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-MOZBA3
About •	paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH15	High-Power Superconducting Electron Linacs for Commercial Applications
WEZBB4	use link to access more material from this paper's primary paper code
	C.H. Boulware, S. Baurac, J. Diemer, T.L. Grimm, A.B. Schnepp Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Because of advances in niobium cavity resonator design and the continuing development of small helium cryocoolers, superconducting RF linacs have become a viable industrial technology for low-cost, high-power electron beams. These beams are being used to produce high-flux bremsstrahlung x-ray and neutron sources for commercial applications, particularly for the production of radioisotopes. This contribution will cover recent developments in commercial superconducting accelerator technology including thermionic cathode electron guns, superconducting cryomodules, helium cryocoolers, microwave sources, and target stations for the production of medical and industrial isotopes including molybdenum-99 and actinium-225. Machines at different stages of development span the energy range from 2-40 MeV and powers up to hundreds of kW. Connections will be made to high-power machines for high-throughput x-ray sterilization and accelerator-driven systems with electron beams.
	Slides WEZBB4 [6.352 MB]
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TUPLH17	Design Study of Low-Level RF Control System for CW Superconducting Electron Linear Accelerator in KAERI	512
	S.H. Lee, J.Y. Lee Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea P. Buaphad, I.G. Jeong, Y.J. Joo, H.R. Lee University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea M.-H. Chun, I.H. Yu PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea Y. Kim KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
	Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been operating a 20 MeV superconducting RF linear accelerator (SRF LINAC) to conduct research on atom/nuclear reaction using neutron Time-Of-Flight (nTOF). It can accelerate electron beams up to 20 MeV with 1 kW continuous wave (CW) operation mode. Unfortunately, this machine has been aged over 15 years that brings about considerably difficulty in normal operation due to the performance degradation of sub-systems. To improve the operation condition of 20 MeV SRF LINAC, we has been carrying out an upgrade project with replacement and repair of old sub-systems from 2018. This paper describes a design study of Low-Level RF (LLRF) feedback system to raise the stability and acceleration efficiency of the electric field generated in the superconducting RF cavity structure in 20 MeV SRF LINAC.
	Poster TUPLH17 [0.644 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH17
About •	paper received ※ 30 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 04 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH18	NSLS-II Inject Linac RF Control Electronics Upgrade	516
	H. Ma BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: US DOE The electron LINAC injector of NSLS-II synchrotron light-source runs both Single-Bunch beam and long Multi-Bunch beam of up to 150 bunches. The key component for achieving this dual injector beam mode support capability is a high-speed rf modulator (or RFM) in the LINAC RF electronics front-end, which performs the necessary rf control and the beam loading compensation of different injection beams. The original LINAC rf electronics front-end successfully supported the machine commissioning and meets the basic needs of the machine operation. The upgrade being pursued is focused on improving the RFM control performance through replacing the current analog implementation in the RFM with a much more capable digital implementation, while still maintaining the necessary control bandwidth that is required for long and short Multi-Bunch beams. A variety of modern COTS rf transmission/reception DSP technology will be incorporated in the new design. The improvement in the reliability of network connection between the RFM’s and their host server is another focus in the upgrade, and the solution includes the adoption of the COTS TCP/IP and other communication protocol offload engines.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH18
About •	paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 15 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH19	Upgrade and Operation Experience of Solid-State Switching Klystron Modulator in NSLS-II Linac	519
	H. Ma, J. Rose BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: US DOE The NSLS-II synchrotron light-source at BNL uses three S-band, 45MW klystrons in its injector LINAC. At the core of the klystron station design is the novel solid-state switching modulators (or SSM). Compared to the conventional PFN klystron modulators, the main advantages of the SSM include the compact size requiring a smaller footprint in the LINAC, and a very flat top in the produced klystron HV pulses. The flatness of the HV pulses is very important for NSLS-II LINAC that runs multi-bunch beams to keep the beam energy dispersion within the tolerance. The principle of the SSM is fairly simple. It uses a large number of relatively low-voltage switched charging capacitor cells (or SU’s) in parallel. A specially designed, high step-up ratio, pulse transformer in the oil-tank with the same number of primary windings (as SU’s) combines the power from all the SU’s, and steps up to the required ~300kV klystron beam voltage. The operation experience at NSLS-II has proven the performance and reliability of the SSM’s. The BNL Model K2 SSM’s are currently being upgraded to Model K300 to run more powerful, and more cost-effective Canon’s E37302A klystrons.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH19
About •	paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 November 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH20	Commissioning of the CESR Upgrade for CHESS-U	522
	J.P. Shanks, G.W. Codner, M.J. Forster, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang, L. Ying Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Funding for the CHESS-U upgrade provided by New York State Capital Grant #AA737 / CFA #53676 The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was upgraded in the second half of 2018 to become a dedicated synchrotron light source, CHESS-U. The upgrade is by far the largest modification to CESR in its 40-year history, replacing one-sixth of the storage ring with six new double-bend achromats, increasing beam energy from 5.3 GeV to 6.0 GeV, and switching from two counter-rotating beams to a single on-axis positron beam. The new achromats include combined-function dipoles, a first in CESR, and reduce the horizontal emittance by a factor of four. Eight compact narrow-gap undulators (4.6mm vacuum chamber aperture) and one high-energy 24-pole wiggler feed a total of six new and five existing x-ray end stations from a single positron beam. Commissioning of CHESS-U took place in the first half of 2019. We report on the methods and results of beam commissioning, including initial beam accumulation, optics correction, characterization, and commissioning of compact permanent-magnet insertion devices.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH20
About •	paper received ※ 26 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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TUPLH24	Performance of CeC PoP Accelerator	526
	I. Pinayev, Z. Altinbas, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, A. Di Lieto, T. Hayes, R.L. Hulsart, P. Inacker, Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, K. Mernick, K. Mihara, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, G. Narayan, I. Petrushinapresenter, F. Severino, K. Shih, Z. Sorrell, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Coherent electron cooling experiment is aimed for demonstration of the proof-of-principle demonstration of reduction energy spread of a single hadron bunch circulating in RHIC. The electron beam should have the required parameters and its orbit and energy should be matched to the hadron beam. In this paper we present the achieved electron beam parameters including emittance, energy spread, and other critical indicators. The operational issues as well as future plans are also discussed.
	Poster TUPLH24 [11.180 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH24
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 03 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019
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Paper

Title

Page

Status of the Superconducting Undulator Program at the Advanced Photon Source

490

M. Kasa, E.R. Anliker, J.D. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, W.G. Jansma, I. Kesginpresenter, Y. Shiroyanagi
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Since 2013 there has been at least one superconducting undulator (SCU) in operation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), currently there are two planar SCUs and one helical SCU. The combined operational experience of SCUs at the APS is more than 11 years and counting. Through all these years, APS SCUs operated with the predicted or better than predicted radiation performance and with 99% availability. With this demonstrated reliability and experimentally confirmed spectral performance, the APS upgrade project is planning on leveraging the advantages of SCU technology. The present planar SCUs are comprised of ~1.1-m-long magnets, each operated within a 2-m-long cryostat, while the planar SCUs for the upgrade will have two ~1.8-m-long magnets operating within a 5-m-long cryostat. Progress is also being made in other areas of SCU development with work on an arbitrary polarizing SCU, referred to as SCAPE, and a planar SCU wound with Nb₃Sn superconductor. A Nb₃Sn SCU is being designed with two 1.3-m-long magnets within a 5-m-long cryostat, and installation is planned for 2021. Also under development are the alignment and magnetic measurement systems for use with the 5-m-long cryostat.

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paper received ※ 26 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH03

Double-Bend Achromat Beamline for Injection Into a High-Power Superconducting Electron Linac

494

C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Hipplepresenter
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
S.M. Lund
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

To take advantage of the high duty cycle operation of superconducting electron linacs, commercial systems use thermionic cathode electron guns that fill every RF bucket with an electron bunch. In continuous operation, the exit energy is limited when compared to pulsed systems. Bunch length and energy spread at the exit of the gun are incompatible with low losses in the superconducting cavity. A solenoid double-bend achromatic beamline is in operation at Niowave which allows energy and bunch length filtering of the beam leaving the gun before injection into the superconducting cavity. This system uses two solenoids and two dipoles to produce a round beam, using the edge angles of the dipoles to balance the focusing effects in the two transverse planes. The design allows beam filtering on the symmetry plane where the dispersion is maximum. Additionally, the bend angle moves the electron gun off the high-energy beam axis, allowing multiple-pass operation of the superconducting booster. This contribution will discuss the beam optics design of the double-bend achromat along with the design of the magnets and beam chambers and the operational experience with the system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH03

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paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH04

Feasibility Study of Fast Polarization Switching Superconducting Undulator

497

I. Kesgin, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO₂-O6CH11357.
Polarization switching x-ray probes coupled with high-flux provide a unique tool to unraveling the nature of electronic heterogeneity and drive discovery of novel phases of electronic matter. Superconducting Arbitrary Polarization Emitter (SCAPE) is a new concept for a universal undulator, which offers linear or circular polarization states in one device and is ideal for experiments that require polarization switching. Polarization switching relies on modulating the magnetic field in the undulator. This, however, inevitably incurs losses in superconductors, which need to be mitigated. In this study, feasibility of fast switching SCAPE has been investigated through fabricating and testing several short prototype magnets wound with different superconductors and new design concepts. The losses at different frequencies and field amplitudes are measured and details will be discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH04

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paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH07

High-Gradient Short Pulse Accelerating Structures

500

S.V. Kuzikov, S.P. Antipov, E. Gomez
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
A.A. Vikharev
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

High gradients are necessary for lots of applications of electron accelerators. As the maximum gradient is limited by effects of RF breakdown, we present a development of an electron accelerating structure operating with a short multi-megawatt RF pulse. The structure exploits an idea to decrease the breakdown probability due to RF pulse length reduction. This concept requires to distribute RF power so that all accelerating cells are fed independently each other. This implies waveguide net system which allows to delay and to distribute properly RF radiation along the structure keeping synchronism of particles and waves. We have designed an X-band pi-mode structure including the RF design, optimization, and engineering. The structure will be tested as an RF power extractor at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility for two-beam acceleration experiments. In this regime we anticipate to obtain 10 ns, gigawatt power level RF pulses generated by train consisted of eight 25-50 nC relativistic bunches.

Poster TUPLH07 [0.999 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH07

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paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH08

X-Ray and Charged Particle Detection by Detuning of a Microwave Resonator

503

S.P. Antipov, P.V. Avrakhov, E. Dosov, E. Gomez, S.V. Kuzikov
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
S. Stoupin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
A.A. Vikharev
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: DOE SBIR
Charged particle detection is important for beam alignment, beam loss and background control. In case of halo detection, traditional wire scanner measurement utilizing carbon or tungsten wires is limited by the damage threshold of these materials. In this paper we present an electrodeless method to measure halo with a diamond scraper. This measurement utilizes a microwave resonator placed around the diamond scraper which is sensitive to charged particle-induced conductivity. Due to this transient induced conductivity in the dielectric, a microwave coupling to the resonator changes. Diamond in this case is chosen as a radiation hard material with excellent thermal properties. The absence of electrodes makes the device robust under the beam. The same measurement can be done for x-ray flux monitoring which is important for measurement feedback and calibration at modern x-ray light sources. In this case x-rays passing through the diamond sensing element enable a photo-induced conductivity and that in turn detunes the cavity placed around the diamond. Diamond being a low-Z material allows for in-line x-ray flux measurement without significant beam attenuation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH08

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paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH09

Thermal Effects on Bragg Diffraction of XFEL Optics

506

SUPLH05

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Z. Qu, J. Wu, G. Zhou
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Y. Ma, Z. Qu
UC Merced, Merced, California, USA
B. Yang
Western Digital, Milpitas, California, USA

Funding: The US Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-AC02-76SF00515); The US DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program grant (FWP-2013-SLAC-100164).
Crystal optical devices are widely used in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) systems, monochromators, beam splitters, high-reflectance backscattering mirrors, lenses, phase plates, diffraction gratings, and spectrometers. The absorption of X-ray in these optical devices can cause increase of temperature and consequent thermal deformation, which can dynamic change in optic output. In self-seeding XFEL, the thermal deformation and strain in monochromator could cause significant seed quality degradation: central energy shift, band broadening and reduction in seed power. To quantitatively estimate the impact of thermomechanical effects on seed quality, we conduct thermomechanical simulations combined with diffraction to evaluate the seed quality with residual temperature field in a pump-probe manner. With our results, we show that a critical repetition rate could be determined, once the criteria for deviation of the seed quality are selected. This tool shows great potential for the design of XFEL optics for stable operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH09

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paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 13 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH10

Fabrication Progress of a Superconducting Helical Undulator with Superimposed Focusing Gradient for High Efficiency Tapered X-Ray FELs

509

S.M. Lynam, R.B. Agustsson, I.I. Gadjev, A.Yu. Smirnov
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
F.H. O’Shea
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

Funding: This work is supported by DOE grant no. DE-SC0017072, "Superconducting Helical Undulator with Superimposed Focusing Gradient for High Efficiency Tapered X-Ray FELs"
The Advanced Gradient Undulator (AGU) represents a potentially significant advancement in x-ray conversion efficiency for x-ray FELs. This increase in efficiency would have broad implications on the capabilities of x-ray light sources. To achieve this high conversion efficiency, the inner diameter of the undulator coil is a mere 7mm, even with the use of superconducting coils. To accommodate the beamline at the Advanced Photon Source this yields in a chamber with a wall thickness of 0.5mm fabricated from Aluminum. With a period of 2cm and a conductor position tolerance of <100 µm over a length of >80cm at 4.2K, the engineering and fabrication challenges for the undulator alone are substantial. We will discuss these fabrication challenges and present solutions to meet the tolerances required for desired performance, and provide an update on current progress of the construction of a section of the AGU insertion device.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH10

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paper received ※ 28 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 16 November 2020 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH12

Recent Developments in High Power High Brightness Double Bunch Self-Seeding at LCLS-II

MOZBA4

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A. Halavanau, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, C. Emma, Z. Huang, A.A. Lutman, G. Marcus, C. Pellegrini
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

We discuss the power and spectral characteristics of an X-ray FEL, LCLS-II, operating in a double bunch self-seeding scheme (DBFEL). We show that it can reach very high power levels in the photon energy range of 4-8 keV. We discuss the system implementation on LCLS-II, including the design of a four-bounce crystal monochromator, and linac wakefields effects. Finally, we offer multiple applications of the DBFEL for high-field QED, AMO physics and single particle imaging.

Slides MOZBA4 [3.175 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-MOZBA4

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paper received ※ 02 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH13

Study of Fluctuations in Undulator Radiation in the IOTA Ring at Fermilab

SUPLH03

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THYBA5

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I. Lobach
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A. Halavanau, Z. Huang, V. Yakimenko
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
K. Kim
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.Y. Murokh
RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA
T.V. Shaftan
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

We study turn-by-turn fluctuations in the number of emitted photons in an undulator, installed in the IOTA electron storage ring at Fermilab, with an InGaAs PIN photodiode and an integrating circuit. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for the experimental data from previous similar experiments and in our present experiment, we attempt to verify the model in an independent and a more systematic way. Moreover, in our experiment we consider the regime of very small fluctuation when the contribution from the photon shot noise is significant, whereas we believe it was negligible in the previous experiments. Accordingly, we present certain critical improvements in the experimental setup that let us measure such a small fluctuation.

Slides THYBA5 [8.048 MB]

Poster THYBA5 [3.079 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-THYBA5

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paper received ※ 24 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 05 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH14

Strongly Tapered Helical Undulator System for TESSA-266

MOZBA3

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T.J. Campese, R.B. Agustsson, I.I. Gadjev, A.Y. Murokh
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
W. Berg, A. Zholents
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
P.E. Denham, P. Musumeci, Y. Park
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA

Funding: DOE SBIR Award No. DE-SC0017102
RadiaBeam, in collaboration with UCLA and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), is developing a strongly tapered helical undulator system for the Tapering Enhanced Stimulated Superradiant Amplification experiment at 266 nm (TESSA-266). The experiment will be carried out at the APS LEA facility at ANL and aims at the demonstration of very high energy conversion efficiency in the UV. The undulator system was designed by UCLA, engineered by RadiaBeam, and is presently in fabrication at RadiaBeam. The design is based on a permanent magnet Halbach scheme and includes a short 30 cm long buncher section and four 1 m long undulator sections. The undulator period is fixed at 32 mm and the magnetic field amplitude can be tapered by tuning the gap along the interaction. Each magnet can be individually adjusted by 1.03 mm, offering up to 25% magnetic field tunability with a minimum gap of 5.58 mm. A custom designed 316L stainless steel beampipe runs through the center with a clear aperture of 4.5 mm. This paper discusses the design and engineering of the undulator system, fabrication status, and plans for magnetic measurements, and tuning.

Slides MOZBA3 [8.942 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-MOZBA3

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paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH15

High-Power Superconducting Electron Linacs for Commercial Applications

WEZBB4

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C.H. Boulware, S. Baurac, J. Diemer, T.L. Grimm, A.B. Schnepp
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA

Because of advances in niobium cavity resonator design and the continuing development of small helium cryocoolers, superconducting RF linacs have become a viable industrial technology for low-cost, high-power electron beams. These beams are being used to produce high-flux bremsstrahlung x-ray and neutron sources for commercial applications, particularly for the production of radioisotopes. This contribution will cover recent developments in commercial superconducting accelerator technology including thermionic cathode electron guns, superconducting cryomodules, helium cryocoolers, microwave sources, and target stations for the production of medical and industrial isotopes including molybdenum-99 and actinium-225. Machines at different stages of development span the energy range from 2-40 MeV and powers up to hundreds of kW. Connections will be made to high-power machines for high-throughput x-ray sterilization and accelerator-driven systems with electron beams.

Slides WEZBB4 [6.352 MB]

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TUPLH17

Design Study of Low-Level RF Control System for CW Superconducting Electron Linear Accelerator in KAERI

512

S.H. Lee, J.Y. Lee
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
P. Buaphad, I.G. Jeong, Y.J. Joo, H.R. Lee
University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
M.-H. Chun, I.H. Yu
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
Y. Kim
KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been operating a 20 MeV superconducting RF linear accelerator (SRF LINAC) to conduct research on atom/nuclear reaction using neutron Time-Of-Flight (nTOF). It can accelerate electron beams up to 20 MeV with 1 kW continuous wave (CW) operation mode. Unfortunately, this machine has been aged over 15 years that brings about considerably difficulty in normal operation due to the performance degradation of sub-systems. To improve the operation condition of 20 MeV SRF LINAC, we has been carrying out an upgrade project with replacement and repair of old sub-systems from 2018. This paper describes a design study of Low-Level RF (LLRF) feedback system to raise the stability and acceleration efficiency of the electric field generated in the superconducting RF cavity structure in 20 MeV SRF LINAC.

Poster TUPLH17 [0.644 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH17

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paper received ※ 30 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 04 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH18

NSLS-II Inject Linac RF Control Electronics Upgrade

516

H. Ma
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: US DOE
The electron LINAC injector of NSLS-II synchrotron light-source runs both Single-Bunch beam and long Multi-Bunch beam of up to 150 bunches. The key component for achieving this dual injector beam mode support capability is a high-speed rf modulator (or RFM) in the LINAC RF electronics front-end, which performs the necessary rf control and the beam loading compensation of different injection beams. The original LINAC rf electronics front-end successfully supported the machine commissioning and meets the basic needs of the machine operation. The upgrade being pursued is focused on improving the RFM control performance through replacing the current analog implementation in the RFM with a much more capable digital implementation, while still maintaining the necessary control bandwidth that is required for long and short Multi-Bunch beams. A variety of modern COTS rf transmission/reception DSP technology will be incorporated in the new design. The improvement in the reliability of network connection between the RFM’s and their host server is another focus in the upgrade, and the solution includes the adoption of the COTS TCP/IP and other communication protocol offload engines.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH18

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paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 15 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH19

Upgrade and Operation Experience of Solid-State Switching Klystron Modulator in NSLS-II Linac

519

H. Ma, J. Rose
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: US DOE
The NSLS-II synchrotron light-source at BNL uses three S-band, 45MW klystrons in its injector LINAC. At the core of the klystron station design is the novel solid-state switching modulators (or SSM). Compared to the conventional PFN klystron modulators, the main advantages of the SSM include the compact size requiring a smaller footprint in the LINAC, and a very flat top in the produced klystron HV pulses. The flatness of the HV pulses is very important for NSLS-II LINAC that runs multi-bunch beams to keep the beam energy dispersion within the tolerance. The principle of the SSM is fairly simple. It uses a large number of relatively low-voltage switched charging capacitor cells (or SU’s) in parallel. A specially designed, high step-up ratio, pulse transformer in the oil-tank with the same number of primary windings (as SU’s) combines the power from all the SU’s, and steps up to the required ~300kV klystron beam voltage. The operation experience at NSLS-II has proven the performance and reliability of the SSM’s. The BNL Model K2 SSM’s are currently being upgraded to Model K300 to run more powerful, and more cost-effective Canon’s E37302A klystrons.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH19

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paper received ※ 27 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 November 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH20

Commissioning of the CESR Upgrade for CHESS-U

522

J.P. Shanks, G.W. Codner, M.J. Forster, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang, L. Ying
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Funding for the CHESS-U upgrade provided by New York State Capital Grant #AA737 / CFA #53676
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was upgraded in the second half of 2018 to become a dedicated synchrotron light source, CHESS-U. The upgrade is by far the largest modification to CESR in its 40-year history, replacing one-sixth of the storage ring with six new double-bend achromats, increasing beam energy from 5.3 GeV to 6.0 GeV, and switching from two counter-rotating beams to a single on-axis positron beam. The new achromats include combined-function dipoles, a first in CESR, and reduce the horizontal emittance by a factor of four. Eight compact narrow-gap undulators (4.6mm vacuum chamber aperture) and one high-energy 24-pole wiggler feed a total of six new and five existing x-ray end stations from a single positron beam. Commissioning of CHESS-U took place in the first half of 2019. We report on the methods and results of beam commissioning, including initial beam accumulation, optics correction, characterization, and commissioning of compact permanent-magnet insertion devices.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH20

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paper received ※ 26 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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TUPLH24

Performance of CeC PoP Accelerator

526

I. Pinayev, Z. Altinbas, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, A. Di Lieto, T. Hayes, R.L. Hulsart, P. Inacker, Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, K. Mernick, K. Mihara, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, G. Narayan, I. Petrushinapresenter, F. Severino, K. Shih, Z. Sorrell, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Coherent electron cooling experiment is aimed for demonstration of the proof-of-principle demonstration of reduction energy spread of a single hadron bunch circulating in RHIC. The electron beam should have the required parameters and its orbit and energy should be matched to the hadron beam. In this paper we present the achieved electron beam parameters including emittance, energy spread, and other critical indicators. The operational issues as well as future plans are also discussed.

Poster TUPLH24 [11.180 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH24

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 03 September 2019 issue date ※ 08 October 2019

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