IPAC2018 - List of Authors (Power, J.G.)

Paper	Title	Page
TUPMF010	A Conceptual Design of a Compact Wakefield Accelerator for a High Repetition Rate Multi User X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility	1266
	A. Zholents, D.S. Doran, W.G. Jansma, M. Kasa, R. Kustom, J.G. Power, N.O. Strelnikov, K.J. Suthar, E. Trakhtenberg, I. Vasserman, G.J. Waldschmidt, J.Z. Xu ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S. Baturin Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA H. Perez IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 A preliminary design of a collinear wakefield accelerator is described. It is assumed that the array of such accelerators will play a central role in a free-electron laser-based x-ray user facility under consideration at Argonne National Laborator [1].
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPMF010
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TUPMF020	Demonstration of Fast, Single-shot Photocathode QE Mapping Method Using MLA Pattern Beam	1293
	E.E. Wisniewski, M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, Q. Gao, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA Q. Gao TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China G. Ha PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea A. Halavanau, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S.A. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Quantum efficiency (QE) is the chief figure of merit in the characterization of photocathodes. Semiconductor photocathodes, especially when used in high rep-rate photo-injectors, are known to show QE degradation over time and must be replaced. The total QE is the basic diagnostic which is used widely and is easy to obtain. However, a QE map indicating variations of QE across the cathode surface has greater utility. It can quickly diagnose problems of QE inhomogeneity. Most QE mapping techniques require hours to complete and are thus disruptive to a user facility schedule. A fast, single-shot method has been proposed (citation) using a micro-lens array (MLA) generated QE map. In this paper we report the implementation of the method at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility. A micro-lens array (MLA) is used to project an array of beamlets onto the photocathode. The resulting photoelectron beam in the form of an array of electron beamlets is imaged at a YAG screen. Four synchronized measurements are made and the results used to produce a QE map of the photocathode.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPMF020
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TUPMK005	CSR Shielding Effect in Dogleg and EEX Beamlines	1498
	G. Ha, M.E. Conde, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Department of Energy, Office of HEP and BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. CSR shielding is a well-known CSR suppression scheme which works by cutting off the low frequency CSR radiation. Although the shielding scheme is well known, its effects on the beam has been rarely studied. We investigate the CSR effect on the beam emittance when passing through a dogleg and a double dogleg type EEX beamline. An experimental study is planned at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility where we can generate a 0.1-100 nC electron beam with an energy of 50 MeV and have a double dogleg EEX beamline. Tunable shielding plates are installed at the dipole magnet chambers of the EEX beamline to vary the shielding condition. Transverse and longitudinal phase space measurement systems are prepared to characterize the beam-CSR interaction, and bolometer and interferometry are prepared to characterize CSR. We present simulation results and preliminary experimental results.
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TUPMK006	Sub-fs Electron Bunch Generation Using Emittance Exchange Compressor	1501
	J.M. Seok, M. Chung UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea M.E. Conde, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA G. Ha PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
	Sub-fs electron bunch has been pursued in the last decade using several different methods. These methods rely on one of the velocity difference or path length difference to compress a long bunch to sub-fs bunch. Here, we introduce a new method to generate the compression. Emittance Exchange (EEX) beamline makes transverse-to-longitudinal exchange of phase space. In this beamline, a transverse focusing at the upstream introduces a longitudinal compression at the downstream due to the exchange. Since this exchange scheme does not rely on the velocity or the path length differences, it does not require any longitudinal manipulation (e.g. chirp), and it could generate a short bunch with well-controlled nonlinear effects using nonlinear magnets. We present preliminary simulation results of EEX based bunch compression and sub-fs bunch generation.
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TUPML004	Correction of Emittance Growth Due to Quad Components in Solenoids With Quad Correctors at AWA	1536
	L.M. Zheng, C.-X. Tang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	An asymmetrical electron beam is observed on the drive beamline at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) due to the quad components in the solenoids. An ASTRA simulation shows that the emittance will increase when the electron beam passes through solenoids with quad errors. We use two quad correctors to correct this emittance growth. A preliminary emittance correction result is presented in this paper.
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TUPML009	Design and Test Plan for a Prototype Corrugated Waveguide	1550
	G.J. Waldschmidt, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, R. Kustom, A. Nassiri, J.G. Power, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA A.E. Siy UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
	A cylindrical, corrugated wakefield accelerating structure with a 1 mm radius bore is being designed to facilitate sub-terahertz Čerenkov radiation produced by an elec-tron bunch propagating along the waveguide. A 220 GHz axial mode for the wakefield is being considered. The waveguide is being optimized to maximize the trailing wakefield potential while maintaining a ratio of the trail-ing potential to the peak decelerating voltage in the bunch, or transformer ratio, of approximately 5 for the door step peak current distribution [1]. In order to evalu-ate the manufacturing tolerances and perform rf and electron beam testing of the waveguide, a 21 GHz proto-type waveguide structure will be built consisting of re-configurable parts allowing modelling of various fabrica-tion errors. Measurements with an electron beam will be performed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) test facility. Analysis of the experimental layout has been performed.
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TUPML064	Staged Two Beam Acceleration Beam Line Design for the AWA Facility	1688
SUSPF040	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	N.R. Neveu IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA L.K. Spentzouris Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. Two beam acceleration is a candidate for future high energy physics machines and FEL user facilities. This scheme consists of two independent electron beam lines operating synchronously. High-charge, 70 MeV drive bunch trains are injected from the RF photo-injector into decelerating structures to generate a few hundred of MW of RF power. This RF power is transferred through an RF waveguide to accelerating structures that are used to accelerate the witness beam. Staging refers to the sequential acceleration (energy gain) in two or more structures on the witness beam line. A kicker was incorporated on the drive beam line to accomplish a modular design so that each accelerating structure can be independently powered by a separate drive beam. Simulations were performed in OPAL-T to model the two beam lines. Beam sizes at the center of the structures was minimized to ensure good charge transmission. The resulting design will be the basis for proof of principle experiments that will take place at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility.
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WEPAF059	A Low Cost Beam Position Monitor System	1961
	C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA J.G. Power, J.H. Shao ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA C. Yin University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	A Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system is essential to beam diagnostics for almost all particle accelerators. However, a typical BPM system contains customized hardware and complicated processing electronics which considerably drive the cost for large facilities where hundreds of them may be used. It also limits its use in the small scale accelerator facilities. In the paper, we present a low cost BPM system which consists of a commercial available CF flange based signal pickup device, a low cost integrated circuit adjacent to the pickup to filter, sample, digitize, and broadcast the signals out of the pickup electrodes. The digital signal is transmitted out for post processing through noise-protected Wi-Fi router. We will briefly discuss the working principle and experimental progress to date.
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THXGBE3	Proof of Principle Experiment for Single Shot Transverse Phase Space Measurement
	M.E. Conde, W. Liu, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA G. Ha PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Department of Energy, Office of HEP and BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We introduce a new method for single-shot transverse phase-space measurement. Existing phase space measurement methods are based on either average multiple shots of the full beam (e.g. scanning slit and quad scan tomography) or a single-shot sample of the beam (e.g. pepper pot and multi-slit). To achieve a single-shot measurement of the full beam, we project the beam's x-coordinate to the y-coordinate and its x'-coordinate to the x-coordinate using a skew quadrupole magnet followed by a normal quadrupole magnet. We present a theoretical description of this projection scheme and a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration done at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility.
	Slides THXGBE3 [2.904 MB]
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THPAK060	Transverse-to-Longitudinal Photocathode Distribution Imaging	3361
SUSPF084	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	A. Halavanau, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA W. Gai, G. Ha, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA G. Ha PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA G. Qiang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In this paper, we present a tunable picosecond-scale bunch train generation technique combining a microlens array (MLA) transverse laser shaper and a transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange (EEX) beamline. The modulated beamlet array is formed at the photocathode with the MLA setup. The resulting patterned electron beam is accelerated to 50 MeV and transported to the entrance of the EEX setup. A quadrupole channel is used to adjust the transverse spacing of the beamlet array upstream of the EEX, thereby enabling the generation of a bunch train with tunable separation downstream of the EEX beamline. Additionally, the MLA is mounted on a rotation stage which provides additional flexibility to produce high-frequency beam density modulation downstream of the EEX. Experimental results obtained at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility are presented and compared with numerical simulations.
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THPMF048	Bunch Length Measurements Using CTR at the AWA with Comparison to Simulation	4166
	N.R. Neveu IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA S.P. Antipov Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA A. Halavanau, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA L.K. Spentzouris Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. In this paper we present electron bunch length measurements at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) photoinjector facility. The AWA accelerator has a large dynamic charge density range, with electron beam charge varying between 0.1 nC - 100 nC, and laser spot size diameter at the cathode between 0.1 mm - 18 mm. The bunch length measurements were taken at different charge densities using a metallic screen and a Martin-Puplett interferometer to perform autocorrelation scans of the corresponding coherent transition radiation (CTR). A liquid helium-cooled 4K bolometer was used to register the interferometer signal. The experimental results are compared with Impact-T and OPAL-T numerical simulations.
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THPMF049	Photoinjector Optimization Studies at the AWA	4169
	N.R. Neveu IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA J. Larson, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA L.K. Spentzouris Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. With a variable charge range of 0.1 nC - 100 nC, the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility (AWA) has a unique and dynamic set of operating parameters. Adjustment of the optics and occasionally the rf phases is required each time the bunch charge is changed. Presently, these adjustments are done by the operator during each experiment. This is time consuming and inefficient, more so at high charge and for complex experimental set ups. In an attempt to reduce the amount of time spent adjusting parameters by hand, several optimization methods in simulation are being explored. This includes using the well-known Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), incorporated into OPAL-T. We have also investigated a model-based method and novel structure based algorithms developed at ANL. Ongoing efforts include using these optimization methods to improve operations at the AWA. Simulation results will be compared to measured beam parameters at the AWA, and one optimization method will be selected for use in guiding operations going forward.
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THPML012	Simulations and Measurements of the Wakefield Loading Effect in Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Beamline	4675
	J. Upadhyay, E.I. Simakov LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA M.E. Conde, Q. Gao, N.R. Neveu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA N.R. Neveu IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	A beam driven acceleration experiment in a photonic band gap (PBG) structure is planned at Argonne wakefied accelerator (AWA) facility at Argonne National Laboratory. We plan to pass a high charge (drive) beam through a travelling wave 11.7 GHz PBG structure and generate a wakefield. This wakefield will be probed by a low charge (witness) beam to demonstrate wakefield acceleration and deceleration. The drive and witness bunches will be accelerated to above 60 MeV in the main accelerator at AWA which has frequency of 1.3 GHz. The charges used in this experiment could be as high as 20 nC. To measure the exclusive effect of PBG the structure on acceleration and deceleration of the witness bunch we have to exclude the effect of beam loading of the main AWA accelerator structure. To understand the wakefield effect in AWA, we conducted an experiment where we passed the high charge (10 nC) beam through the accelerator structure which was followed by a 2 nC witness beam separated by 4 wavelength. The energy of witness beam was measured in the presence and absence of the drive beam. The beam loading was observed and quantified. The results of this work will be presented in the conference.
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THPML013	Demonstration of the Wakefield Acceleration in an 11.7 GHz Photonic Band Gap Accelerator Structure	4678
	J. Upadhyay, E.I. Simakov LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA M.E. Conde, Q. Gao, N.R. Neveu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	We plan to conduct a beam driven acceleration experiment in a photonic band gap (PBG) accelerator structure operating at 11.7 GHz at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. For the experiment, the PBG structure will be excited by a high charge (up to 10 nC) electron bunch, and a second smaller charge witness bunch will be accelerated. Because the PBG structure was fabricated with electroforming, the AWA beamline includes a Be window placed before the PBG structure that protects the cathode from contamination due to possible outgassing from the electroformed copper. The diameter of the Be window is 9 mm and the beam tube diameter of the PBG structure is 6.4 mm. The size of the high charge electron beam on Be window has to be minimized to minimize scattering. The parameters of the beamline had to be adjusted to achieve good propagation of the beam. An OPAL simulation for the AWA beamline was performed for 1, 5, and 10 nC beams. The beam size was experimentally measured at different positions in the beamline for different charges to verify simulations. Finally, the high charge electron beam was passed through the PBG structure and acceleration of the witness bunch was measured
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THPML014	A Metamaterial Wagon Wheel Structure for Wakefield Acceleration by Reversed Cherenkov Radiation	4681
SUSPF036	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	X.Y. Lu, I. Mastovsky, M.A. Shapiro, R.J. Temkin MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M.E. Conde, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0015566 and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 We present the design and experimental operation on an X-band metamaterial (MTM) wagon wheel structure for wakefield acceleration. The structure was designed and fabricated at MIT, and tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) laboratory at Argonne National Lab. The MTM wagon wheel structure is an all-metal periodic structure at 11.4 GHz. The fundamental TM mode has a negative group velocity, so when an electron beam travels through, energy is extracted from the beam by reversed Cherenkov radiation, which was verified in the experiment. Single bunches up to 45 nC were sent through the structure with a beam aperture of 6 mm and generated microwave power up to 25 MW in a 2 ns pulse, in agreement with both the analytical wakefield theory and the numerical CST simulations. Two bunches with a total charge of 85 nC generated 80 MW of microwave power. The structure is scalable to a power extractor of over 1 GW by increasing the structure length from 8 cm to 22 cm.
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Paper

Title

Page

A Conceptual Design of a Compact Wakefield Accelerator for a High Repetition Rate Multi User X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

1266

A. Zholents, D.S. Doran, W.G. Jansma, M. Kasa, R. Kustom, J.G. Power, N.O. Strelnikov, K.J. Suthar, E. Trakhtenberg, I. Vasserman, G.J. Waldschmidt, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Baturin
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
H. Perez
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
A preliminary design of a collinear wakefield accelerator is described. It is assumed that the array of such accelerators will play a central role in a free-electron laser-based x-ray user facility under consideration at Argonne National Laborator [1].

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TUPMF020

Demonstration of Fast, Single-shot Photocathode QE Mapping Method Using MLA Pattern Beam

1293

E.E. Wisniewski, M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, Q. Gao, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Q. Gao
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
G. Ha
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
A. Halavanau, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S.A. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Quantum efficiency (QE) is the chief figure of merit in the characterization of photocathodes. Semiconductor photocathodes, especially when used in high rep-rate photo-injectors, are known to show QE degradation over time and must be replaced. The total QE is the basic diagnostic which is used widely and is easy to obtain. However, a QE map indicating variations of QE across the cathode surface has greater utility. It can quickly diagnose problems of QE inhomogeneity. Most QE mapping techniques require hours to complete and are thus disruptive to a user facility schedule. A fast, single-shot method has been proposed (citation) using a micro-lens array (MLA) generated QE map. In this paper we report the implementation of the method at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility. A micro-lens array (MLA) is used to project an array of beamlets onto the photocathode. The resulting photoelectron beam in the form of an array of electron beamlets is imaged at a YAG screen. Four synchronized measurements are made and the results used to produce a QE map of the photocathode.

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TUPMK005

CSR Shielding Effect in Dogleg and EEX Beamlines

1498

G. Ha, M.E. Conde, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Department of Energy, Office of HEP and BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
CSR shielding is a well-known CSR suppression scheme which works by cutting off the low frequency CSR radiation. Although the shielding scheme is well known, its effects on the beam has been rarely studied. We investigate the CSR effect on the beam emittance when passing through a dogleg and a double dogleg type EEX beamline. An experimental study is planned at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility where we can generate a 0.1-100 nC electron beam with an energy of 50 MeV and have a double dogleg EEX beamline. Tunable shielding plates are installed at the dipole magnet chambers of the EEX beamline to vary the shielding condition. Transverse and longitudinal phase space measurement systems are prepared to characterize the beam-CSR interaction, and bolometer and interferometry are prepared to characterize CSR. We present simulation results and preliminary experimental results.

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TUPMK006

Sub-fs Electron Bunch Generation Using Emittance Exchange Compressor

1501

J.M. Seok, M. Chung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
M.E. Conde, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
G. Ha
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea

Sub-fs electron bunch has been pursued in the last decade using several different methods. These methods rely on one of the velocity difference or path length difference to compress a long bunch to sub-fs bunch. Here, we introduce a new method to generate the compression. Emittance Exchange (EEX) beamline makes transverse-to-longitudinal exchange of phase space. In this beamline, a transverse focusing at the upstream introduces a longitudinal compression at the downstream due to the exchange. Since this exchange scheme does not rely on the velocity or the path length differences, it does not require any longitudinal manipulation (e.g. chirp), and it could generate a short bunch with well-controlled nonlinear effects using nonlinear magnets. We present preliminary simulation results of EEX based bunch compression and sub-fs bunch generation.

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TUPML004

Correction of Emittance Growth Due to Quad Components in Solenoids With Quad Correctors at AWA

1536

L.M. Zheng, C.-X. Tang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

An asymmetrical electron beam is observed on the drive beamline at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) due to the quad components in the solenoids. An ASTRA simulation shows that the emittance will increase when the electron beam passes through solenoids with quad errors. We use two quad correctors to correct this emittance growth. A preliminary emittance correction result is presented in this paper.

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TUPML009

Design and Test Plan for a Prototype Corrugated Waveguide

1550

G.J. Waldschmidt, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, R. Kustom, A. Nassiri, J.G. Power, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
A.E. Siy
UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

A cylindrical, corrugated wakefield accelerating structure with a 1 mm radius bore is being designed to facilitate sub-terahertz Čerenkov radiation produced by an elec-tron bunch propagating along the waveguide. A 220 GHz axial mode for the wakefield is being considered. The waveguide is being optimized to maximize the trailing wakefield potential while maintaining a ratio of the trail-ing potential to the peak decelerating voltage in the bunch, or transformer ratio, of approximately 5 for the door step peak current distribution [1]. In order to evalu-ate the manufacturing tolerances and perform rf and electron beam testing of the waveguide, a 21 GHz proto-type waveguide structure will be built consisting of re-configurable parts allowing modelling of various fabrica-tion errors. Measurements with an electron beam will be performed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) test facility. Analysis of the experimental layout has been performed.

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TUPML064

Staged Two Beam Acceleration Beam Line Design for the AWA Facility

1688

SUSPF040

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

N.R. Neveu
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
C.-J. Jing
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
L.K. Spentzouris
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
Two beam acceleration is a candidate for future high energy physics machines and FEL user facilities. This scheme consists of two independent electron beam lines operating synchronously. High-charge, 70 MeV drive bunch trains are injected from the RF photo-injector into decelerating structures to generate a few hundred of MW of RF power. This RF power is transferred through an RF waveguide to accelerating structures that are used to accelerate the witness beam. Staging refers to the sequential acceleration (energy gain) in two or more structures on the witness beam line. A kicker was incorporated on the drive beam line to accomplish a modular design so that each accelerating structure can be independently powered by a separate drive beam. Simulations were performed in OPAL-T to model the two beam lines. Beam sizes at the center of the structures was minimized to ensure good charge transmission. The resulting design will be the basis for proof of principle experiments that will take place at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPML064

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WEPAF059

A Low Cost Beam Position Monitor System

1961

C.-J. Jing
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
J.G. Power, J.H. Shao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
C. Yin
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

A Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system is essential to beam diagnostics for almost all particle accelerators. However, a typical BPM system contains customized hardware and complicated processing electronics which considerably drive the cost for large facilities where hundreds of them may be used. It also limits its use in the small scale accelerator facilities. In the paper, we present a low cost BPM system which consists of a commercial available CF flange based signal pickup device, a low cost integrated circuit adjacent to the pickup to filter, sample, digitize, and broadcast the signals out of the pickup electrodes. The digital signal is transmitted out for post processing through noise-protected Wi-Fi router. We will briefly discuss the working principle and experimental progress to date.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAF059

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THXGBE3

Proof of Principle Experiment for Single Shot Transverse Phase Space Measurement

M.E. Conde, W. Liu, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
G. Ha
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea

Funding: Department of Energy, Office of HEP and BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
We introduce a new method for single-shot transverse phase-space measurement. Existing phase space measurement methods are based on either average multiple shots of the full beam (e.g. scanning slit and quad scan tomography) or a single-shot sample of the beam (e.g. pepper pot and multi-slit). To achieve a single-shot measurement of the full beam, we project the beam's x-coordinate to the y-coordinate and its x'-coordinate to the x-coordinate using a skew quadrupole magnet followed by a normal quadrupole magnet. We present a theoretical description of this projection scheme and a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration done at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility.

Slides THXGBE3 [2.904 MB]

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THPAK060

Transverse-to-Longitudinal Photocathode Distribution Imaging

3361

SUSPF084

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A. Halavanau, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
W. Gai, G. Ha, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
G. Ha
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
G. Qiang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In this paper, we present a tunable picosecond-scale bunch train generation technique combining a microlens array (MLA) transverse laser shaper and a transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange (EEX) beamline. The modulated beamlet array is formed at the photocathode with the MLA setup. The resulting patterned electron beam is accelerated to 50 MeV and transported to the entrance of the EEX setup. A quadrupole channel is used to adjust the transverse spacing of the beamlet array upstream of the EEX, thereby enabling the generation of a bunch train with tunable separation downstream of the EEX beamline. Additionally, the MLA is mounted on a rotation stage which provides additional flexibility to produce high-frequency beam density modulation downstream of the EEX. Experimental results obtained at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility are presented and compared with numerical simulations.

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THPMF048

Bunch Length Measurements Using CTR at the AWA with Comparison to Simulation

4166

N.R. Neveu
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
S.P. Antipov
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
A. Halavanau, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
L.K. Spentzouris
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
In this paper we present electron bunch length measurements at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) photoinjector facility. The AWA accelerator has a large dynamic charge density range, with electron beam charge varying between 0.1 nC - 100 nC, and laser spot size diameter at the cathode between 0.1 mm - 18 mm. The bunch length measurements were taken at different charge densities using a metallic screen and a Martin-Puplett interferometer to perform autocorrelation scans of the corresponding coherent transition radiation (CTR). A liquid helium-cooled 4K bolometer was used to register the interferometer signal. The experimental results are compared with Impact-T and OPAL-T numerical simulations.

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THPMF049

Photoinjector Optimization Studies at the AWA

4169

N.R. Neveu
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J. Larson, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
L.K. Spentzouris
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is funded by the DOE Office of Science, grant no. DE-SC0015479, and contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
With a variable charge range of 0.1 nC - 100 nC, the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility (AWA) has a unique and dynamic set of operating parameters. Adjustment of the optics and occasionally the rf phases is required each time the bunch charge is changed. Presently, these adjustments are done by the operator during each experiment. This is time consuming and inefficient, more so at high charge and for complex experimental set ups. In an attempt to reduce the amount of time spent adjusting parameters by hand, several optimization methods in simulation are being explored. This includes using the well-known Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), incorporated into OPAL-T. We have also investigated a model-based method and novel structure based algorithms developed at ANL. Ongoing efforts include using these optimization methods to improve operations at the AWA. Simulation results will be compared to measured beam parameters at the AWA, and one optimization method will be selected for use in guiding operations going forward.

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THPML012

Simulations and Measurements of the Wakefield Loading Effect in Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Beamline

4675

J. Upadhyay, E.I. Simakov
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M.E. Conde, Q. Gao, N.R. Neveu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
N.R. Neveu
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

A beam driven acceleration experiment in a photonic band gap (PBG) structure is planned at Argonne wakefied accelerator (AWA) facility at Argonne National Laboratory. We plan to pass a high charge (drive) beam through a travelling wave 11.7 GHz PBG structure and generate a wakefield. This wakefield will be probed by a low charge (witness) beam to demonstrate wakefield acceleration and deceleration. The drive and witness bunches will be accelerated to above 60 MeV in the main accelerator at AWA which has frequency of 1.3 GHz. The charges used in this experiment could be as high as 20 nC. To measure the exclusive effect of PBG the structure on acceleration and deceleration of the witness bunch we have to exclude the effect of beam loading of the main AWA accelerator structure. To understand the wakefield effect in AWA, we conducted an experiment where we passed the high charge (10 nC) beam through the accelerator structure which was followed by a 2 nC witness beam separated by 4 wavelength. The energy of witness beam was measured in the presence and absence of the drive beam. The beam loading was observed and quantified. The results of this work will be presented in the conference.

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THPML013

Demonstration of the Wakefield Acceleration in an 11.7 GHz Photonic Band Gap Accelerator Structure

4678

J. Upadhyay, E.I. Simakov
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M.E. Conde, Q. Gao, N.R. Neveu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

We plan to conduct a beam driven acceleration experiment in a photonic band gap (PBG) accelerator structure operating at 11.7 GHz at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. For the experiment, the PBG structure will be excited by a high charge (up to 10 nC) electron bunch, and a second smaller charge witness bunch will be accelerated. Because the PBG structure was fabricated with electroforming, the AWA beamline includes a Be window placed before the PBG structure that protects the cathode from contamination due to possible outgassing from the electroformed copper. The diameter of the Be window is 9 mm and the beam tube diameter of the PBG structure is 6.4 mm. The size of the high charge electron beam on Be window has to be minimized to minimize scattering. The parameters of the beamline had to be adjusted to achieve good propagation of the beam. An OPAL simulation for the AWA beamline was performed for 1, 5, and 10 nC beams. The beam size was experimentally measured at different positions in the beamline for different charges to verify simulations. Finally, the high charge electron beam was passed through the PBG structure and acceleration of the witness bunch was measured

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THPML014

A Metamaterial Wagon Wheel Structure for Wakefield Acceleration by Reversed Cherenkov Radiation

4681

SUSPF036

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X.Y. Lu, I. Mastovsky, M.A. Shapiro, R.J. Temkin
MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M.E. Conde, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0015566 and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
We present the design and experimental operation on an X-band metamaterial (MTM) wagon wheel structure for wakefield acceleration. The structure was designed and fabricated at MIT, and tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) laboratory at Argonne National Lab. The MTM wagon wheel structure is an all-metal periodic structure at 11.4 GHz. The fundamental TM mode has a negative group velocity, so when an electron beam travels through, energy is extracted from the beam by reversed Cherenkov radiation, which was verified in the experiment. Single bunches up to 45 nC were sent through the structure with a beam aperture of 6 mm and generated microwave power up to 25 MW in a 2 ns pulse, in agreement with both the analytical wakefield theory and the numerical CST simulations. Two bunches with a total charge of 85 nC generated 80 MW of microwave power. The structure is scalable to a power extractor of over 1 GW by increasing the structure length from 8 cm to 22 cm.

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