RuPAC2014 - Classification: 07 Synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers

Paper

Title

Page

THY01

Consideration of Approaches to 4-th Generation SR Sources Projects

V. Korchuganov
RRC, Moscow, Russia
V.L. Ushkov
NRC, Moscow, Russia

The obvious question arises: "Are there new opportunities based on new x-ray sources that would lead to novel and transformative science?" SR sources based on linear accelerator have the potential to produce hard X-ray beams limited only by the fundamental wave nature of light. These intense beams can focus to (sub)-nanometer beam waists while maintaining precise collimation, photon energy and polarization. Linac-based light sources can provide either low duty-cycle pulsed beams with enormous peak power – X-ray Free Electron Lasers (X-FELs) – or quasi-continuous beams with exquisite stability and control – the Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs). The radiation from X-FEL and ERL sources is unique in many ways, both enabling and challenging scientists of all types to invent new tools, techniques and methods to harness the potential of these transformative new sources. One more approach to creation new and modernizations of working sources of SR -Ultimate Storage Ring (USR) Light Sources: the low peak power and high average power provided by high repetition rate ring-based X-ray sources, enabling non-destructive study of experimental samples, complementary to the high peak brightness low rep-rate beams provided by X-ray FELs Ring-based sources will remain a mainstay of X-ray research in the future. This report is an attempt to consider the modern synchrotron light (SR) sources projects of the 4th generation.

THY02

The Status of the Facilities of Kurchatov's Synchrotron Radiation Source

290

V. Korchuganov
RRC, Moscow, Russia
A. Belkov, Y.A. Fomin, E.V. Kaportsev, M.V. Kovalchuk, Y.V. Krylov, V.I. Moiseev, N.I. Moseiko, D.G. Odintsov, S.G. Pesterev, A.S. Smygacheva, S.I. Tomin, V. Ushakov, V.L. Ushkov, A.G. Valentinov, A. Vernov
NRC, Moscow, Russia

The first electron beam had been received 20 years ago in a storage ring SIBERIA-2 - dedicated synchrotron radiation source in the Kurchatov's Institute and, also, the official opening of the Kurchatov's SR source for the experiments marks 15th anniversary in 2014 . The report focuses on the accelerator complex of the SR source, the development of actual SR source systems, SR beam lines and experimental stations by 2014.

Slides THY02 [3.125 MB]

THCB01

The NSLS-II Booster Development and Commisioning

293

V.A. Kiselev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The project includes highly optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector and full-energy injector-synchrotron. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics built turnkey booster for NSLS-II. The main parameters of the booster, its characteristics and the results of commissioning are described in this paper.

Slides THCB01 [1.328 MB]

THCB02

Compton Sources

A.A. Shcherbakov
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

The current status of the hard X-ray and gamma sources, based on the Compton backscattering effect presented. The types of such sources - based on linacs, energy recovery accelerators, electron storage rings, the possibilities and prospects for the use of compact Compton radiation sources are discussed. The basic parameters of x-ray generator NESTOR, which is being run at the National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Institute" are presented. The facility consists of the compact 40-225 MeV storage ring, linear 35-90 MeV electron accelerator as an injector, beam transportation system, Nd:Yag laser system and optical cavity. It is expected that the facility will generate X-rays flux of about 10¹³ phot/s.

THZ01

Superconducting Multipole Wigglers for Generation of Synchrotron Radiation

296

N.A. Mezentsev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Superconducting multipole wigglers are very powerful instruments for generation of synchrotron radiation of high intensity. Use of a superconducting wire for creation of a sign alternating lateral magnetic field has the big advantages in comparison of permanent magnets and conventional electromagnets. Superconductivity use allows to create much higher magnetic field at the same field period and the vertical aperture for a beam. The high magnetic field allows not only to increase intensity, but also to expand spectrum of synchrotron radiations. The first superconducting wiggler has been made and installed on the VEPP-3 electron storage ring as a generator of synchrotron radiation in 1979. Nowadays tens of the wigglers are successfully working in the various synchrotron radiation centers and more than 10 of them were developed and made in Budker INP. The description of magnetic properties of the wigglers, parameters of both cryogenic and vacuum systems and their technical decisions are resulted in the report.

Slides THZ01 [2.096 MB]

THPSC11

NSLS-II Booster Vacuum System

342

A.M. Semenov, V.V. Anashin, S.M. Gurov, V.A. Kiselev, A.A. Krasnov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
H.-C. Hseuh, T.V. Shaftan
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

One of the last SR source third generation (NSLS-II) is constructed in Brookhaven National Laboratory in present time. To raise the operation effectiveness in continued mode with irradiation of maximum brightness injectors of these SR sources is operated continually on the energy up to energy of the main ring (linac or synchrotron booster). The injection on the full energy allows add electrons to early moved electrons in a storage ring rather than to regulate a magnet system. This operating mode is often named "Top-Up". NSLS-II consists of a linear accelerator on the electron energy up to 200 MeV, a synchrotron booster on the energy 3 GeV, a main storage ring. The status and review of vacuum system are written in this report.

THPSC12

Effect of the Vertical Velocity Component on Properties of Synchrotron Radiation

345

O.E. Shishanin
MSIU, Moscow, Russia

This subject determines more precisely characteristics of synchrotron radiation when charge particle moves on the spiral in physical devices and a space. For this purpose first the Bessel functions of a high order are approximated to within the second approach. It is discussed that the vertical component of velocity in alternating magnetic fields of accelerators significantly changes spectral and angular distributions of radiation intensity.

THPSC13

Horizontal Emittance Regulation at SIBERIA-2

347

A.G. Valentinov, V. Korchuganov, Y.V. Krylov, Y.L. Yupinov
NRC, Moscow, Russia

Synchrotron radiation (SR) brightness is the most valuable parameter of every SR light source. It depends greatly on horizontal emittance of an electron beam. That's why all modern SR light sources have designed emittance of several nanometers. A horizontal emittance of Siberia-2 now equals to 98 nm. It can be decreased by two ways. First way is to find another working point (betatron tunes) with lower emittance. Maximal possible current values of existing power supplies must be taken into account. Injection efficiency may become worse because of smaller dynamic aperture due to stronger sextupoles. Second way is to rebuild magnetic structure keeping the same betatron tunes. Advantages of this method are good injection efficiency and proved energy ramping process. Modification of the magnetic structure may be done at high energy with more stable electron beam. But the second way is not allowed to reach as lower emittance level as in the first way. Theoretical and practical aspects of these two ways are described in the report. Magnetic structures with dispersion-free straight sections and smooth horizontal dispersion function are presented. Also structure with higher emittance is described in order to reach higher injection efficiency.

THPSC14

Electron Emission and Trapping in Non-Uniform Fields of Magnet Structure and Insertion Devices at SR Source Siberia-2

350

V.I. Moiseev, V. Korchuganov, N.V. Smolyakov
NRC, Moscow, Russia

In vacuum chamber of SR source, scattered photons provide high intensity flows of photo emitted electrons along the magnetic fields lines. The unperturbed electrons reach the opposite walls. The relativistic bunches influence the trajectories of low energy electrons. These electrons can be trapped by non-uniform magnetic field. The low energy electron distributions change the operating settings of the storage ring. For Siberia-2 case, the low energy electron densities are evaluated both in quadrupole lenses and in superconducting wiggler on 7.5 T field. The qualitative description of the trapped electrons behavior was developed. In calculations, the analitical solution was obtained and used for estimations of the single impact of relativistic bunch.

Paper	Title	Page
THY01	Consideration of Approaches to 4-th Generation SR Sources Projects
	V. Korchuganov RRC, Moscow, Russia V.L. Ushkov NRC, Moscow, Russia
	The obvious question arises: "Are there new opportunities based on new x-ray sources that would lead to novel and transformative science?" SR sources based on linear accelerator have the potential to produce hard X-ray beams limited only by the fundamental wave nature of light. These intense beams can focus to (sub)-nanometer beam waists while maintaining precise collimation, photon energy and polarization. Linac-based light sources can provide either low duty-cycle pulsed beams with enormous peak power – X-ray Free Electron Lasers (X-FELs) – or quasi-continuous beams with exquisite stability and control – the Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs). The radiation from X-FEL and ERL sources is unique in many ways, both enabling and challenging scientists of all types to invent new tools, techniques and methods to harness the potential of these transformative new sources. One more approach to creation new and modernizations of working sources of SR -Ultimate Storage Ring (USR) Light Sources: the low peak power and high average power provided by high repetition rate ring-based X-ray sources, enabling non-destructive study of experimental samples, complementary to the high peak brightness low rep-rate beams provided by X-ray FELs Ring-based sources will remain a mainstay of X-ray research in the future. This report is an attempt to consider the modern synchrotron light (SR) sources projects of the 4th generation.

THY02	The Status of the Facilities of Kurchatov's Synchrotron Radiation Source	290
	V. Korchuganov RRC, Moscow, Russia A. Belkov, Y.A. Fomin, E.V. Kaportsev, M.V. Kovalchuk, Y.V. Krylov, V.I. Moiseev, N.I. Moseiko, D.G. Odintsov, S.G. Pesterev, A.S. Smygacheva, S.I. Tomin, V. Ushakov, V.L. Ushkov, A.G. Valentinov, A. Vernov NRC, Moscow, Russia
	The first electron beam had been received 20 years ago in a storage ring SIBERIA-2 - dedicated synchrotron radiation source in the Kurchatov's Institute and, also, the official opening of the Kurchatov's SR source for the experiments marks 15th anniversary in 2014 . The report focuses on the accelerator complex of the SR source, the development of actual SR source systems, SR beam lines and experimental stations by 2014.
	Slides THY02 [3.125 MB]

THCB01	The NSLS-II Booster Development and Commisioning	293
	V.A. Kiselev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The project includes highly optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector and full-energy injector-synchrotron. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics built turnkey booster for NSLS-II. The main parameters of the booster, its characteristics and the results of commissioning are described in this paper.
	Slides THCB01 [1.328 MB]

THCB02	Compton Sources
	A.A. Shcherbakov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	The current status of the hard X-ray and gamma sources, based on the Compton backscattering effect presented. The types of such sources - based on linacs, energy recovery accelerators, electron storage rings, the possibilities and prospects for the use of compact Compton radiation sources are discussed. The basic parameters of x-ray generator NESTOR, which is being run at the National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Institute" are presented. The facility consists of the compact 40-225 MeV storage ring, linear 35-90 MeV electron accelerator as an injector, beam transportation system, Nd:Yag laser system and optical cavity. It is expected that the facility will generate X-rays flux of about 10¹³ phot/s.

THZ01	Superconducting Multipole Wigglers for Generation of Synchrotron Radiation	296
	N.A. Mezentsev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Superconducting multipole wigglers are very powerful instruments for generation of synchrotron radiation of high intensity. Use of a superconducting wire for creation of a sign alternating lateral magnetic field has the big advantages in comparison of permanent magnets and conventional electromagnets. Superconductivity use allows to create much higher magnetic field at the same field period and the vertical aperture for a beam. The high magnetic field allows not only to increase intensity, but also to expand spectrum of synchrotron radiations. The first superconducting wiggler has been made and installed on the VEPP-3 electron storage ring as a generator of synchrotron radiation in 1979. Nowadays tens of the wigglers are successfully working in the various synchrotron radiation centers and more than 10 of them were developed and made in Budker INP. The description of magnetic properties of the wigglers, parameters of both cryogenic and vacuum systems and their technical decisions are resulted in the report.
	Slides THZ01 [2.096 MB]

THPSC11	NSLS-II Booster Vacuum System	342
	A.M. Semenov, V.V. Anashin, S.M. Gurov, V.A. Kiselev, A.A. Krasnov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia H.-C. Hseuh, T.V. Shaftan BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	One of the last SR source third generation (NSLS-II) is constructed in Brookhaven National Laboratory in present time. To raise the operation effectiveness in continued mode with irradiation of maximum brightness injectors of these SR sources is operated continually on the energy up to energy of the main ring (linac or synchrotron booster). The injection on the full energy allows add electrons to early moved electrons in a storage ring rather than to regulate a magnet system. This operating mode is often named "Top-Up". NSLS-II consists of a linear accelerator on the electron energy up to 200 MeV, a synchrotron booster on the energy 3 GeV, a main storage ring. The status and review of vacuum system are written in this report.

THPSC12	Effect of the Vertical Velocity Component on Properties of Synchrotron Radiation	345
	O.E. Shishanin MSIU, Moscow, Russia
	This subject determines more precisely characteristics of synchrotron radiation when charge particle moves on the spiral in physical devices and a space. For this purpose first the Bessel functions of a high order are approximated to within the second approach. It is discussed that the vertical component of velocity in alternating magnetic fields of accelerators significantly changes spectral and angular distributions of radiation intensity.

THPSC13	Horizontal Emittance Regulation at SIBERIA-2	347
	A.G. Valentinov, V. Korchuganov, Y.V. Krylov, Y.L. Yupinov NRC, Moscow, Russia
	Synchrotron radiation (SR) brightness is the most valuable parameter of every SR light source. It depends greatly on horizontal emittance of an electron beam. That's why all modern SR light sources have designed emittance of several nanometers. A horizontal emittance of Siberia-2 now equals to 98 nm. It can be decreased by two ways. First way is to find another working point (betatron tunes) with lower emittance. Maximal possible current values of existing power supplies must be taken into account. Injection efficiency may become worse because of smaller dynamic aperture due to stronger sextupoles. Second way is to rebuild magnetic structure keeping the same betatron tunes. Advantages of this method are good injection efficiency and proved energy ramping process. Modification of the magnetic structure may be done at high energy with more stable electron beam. But the second way is not allowed to reach as lower emittance level as in the first way. Theoretical and practical aspects of these two ways are described in the report. Magnetic structures with dispersion-free straight sections and smooth horizontal dispersion function are presented. Also structure with higher emittance is described in order to reach higher injection efficiency.

THPSC14	Electron Emission and Trapping in Non-Uniform Fields of Magnet Structure and Insertion Devices at SR Source Siberia-2	350
	V.I. Moiseev, V. Korchuganov, N.V. Smolyakov NRC, Moscow, Russia
	In vacuum chamber of SR source, scattered photons provide high intensity flows of photo emitted electrons along the magnetic fields lines. The unperturbed electrons reach the opposite walls. The relativistic bunches influence the trajectories of low energy electrons. These electrons can be trapped by non-uniform magnetic field. The low energy electron distributions change the operating settings of the storage ring. For Siberia-2 case, the low energy electron densities are evaluated both in quadrupole lenses and in superconducting wiggler on 7.5 T field. The qualitative description of the trapped electrons behavior was developed. In calculations, the analitical solution was obtained and used for estimations of the single impact of relativistic bunch.