LINAC2022 - List of Keywords (radiation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOJO04	LightHouse - A Superconducting LINAC for Producing Medical Isotopes	target, electron, cathode, gun	35
	J.M. Krämer, G. Blokesch, M. Grewe, B. Keune, V. Kümper, M. Pekeler, C. Piel, C. Quitmann, T.T. Trinh, P. vom Stein RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
	The medical isoptope Mo-99 is used for diagnosing several 10 million patients every year. Up to now it is produced from enriched Uranium using high-flux neutron reactors. The Institute for Radio Elements (IRE), Belgium has ordered the design of a high-power superconducting linac for producing Mo-99 without use of nuclear fission as part of their SMART project. The LightHouse accelerator consists of a photo gun and 7 superconducting RF modules"", a beam splitter and target illumination optics. It will deliver two electron beam of 75MeV and 1.5MW each. Photocathodes are prepared and transfered in-situ. We report on the design principles and the Beam Test Facility operating since April 2022. Based on Cornell CBeta design
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO04
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO07	Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation	electron, experiment, simulation, electronics	38
	P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan SAMEER, Mumbai, India
	Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.
	Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO15	Low Energy Linac for Electronic Brachytherapy	electron, simulation, target, linac	59
	C.-J. Jing, P.V. Avrakhov, J.R. Callahan, B.T. Freemire, E. Gomez, R.A. Kostin, A. Liu, S. Miller, W. Si, Y. Zhao Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA D.S. Doran, W. Liu, J.G. Power ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA C.G. Liu, M. Pankuch Northwestern University, Northwestern Medicine Proton Center, Warrenville, Illinois, USA D. Mihalcea, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA W.D. Rush KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA J.S. Welsh Edward Hines Junior VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
	Funding: The project is supported by NNSA under Contract 89233121CNA000209. The use of electronic brachytherapy (EB) has grown rapidly over the past decade. It is gaining significant interest from the global medical community as an improved user-friendly technology to reduce the usage of Ir-192. However, the present EB machines all use electron beams at energies of 100 kV or less to generate the X-ray photons, which limits their use to low dose-rate brachytherapy. We focus on the development of a compact and light weight 1-MeV linac to generate and deliver >250 kV X-ray photons to the patient. The device is intended to retrofit to existing brachytherapy applicators. In this paper we will report progress on this project.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO15
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO18	Manipulation and Measurement of Polarization State for THz Coherent Undulator Radiation	polarization, electron, undulator, linac	69
	S. Kashiwagi, H. Hama, F. Hinode, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan A. Irizawa ISIR, Osaka, Japan H. Zen Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
	We are developing an accelerator-based terahertz source that can produce arbitrary polarization states from linearly polarized coherent undulator radiation (CUR). The polarization manipulation of the CUR can be realized using the Martin’Puplett interferometer employed as an optical phase shifter. This study also demonstrates a variable polarization manipulator by using the terahertz CUR (THz-CUR) source based on an extremely short electron bunch at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. The horizontally polarized CUR with a frequency of 1.9 THz was manipulated into variable polarization state, and Stokes parameters were measured to derive the degree of polarization. Beam experimental results will be presented in this conference.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO18
About •	Received ※ 09 September 2022 — Revised ※ 18 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA12	Preserving Bright Electron Beams: Distorted CSR Kicks	dipole, emittance, electron, synchrotron-radiation	91
	A. Dixon, T.K. Charles The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom T.K. Charles, P.H. Williams Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom S. Thorin MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Short pulse, low emittance electron beams are necessary to drive bright FEL X-rays, for this reason it is important to preserve and limit emittance growth. The strong bunch compression required to achieve the short bunches, can lead to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR)-induced emittance growth, and while there are some methods of CSR cancel- lation, these methods may be less effective when the CSR kicks are distorted. In an attempt to understand why CSR kicks become distorted, we compare the CSR kicks calcu- lated using the whole beam parameters to the CSR kicks calculated using the longitudinally sliced beam parameters, when propagated to the end of the bunch compressor. We find that CSR kicks can become distorted when calculated with non-uniform slice beam parameters. While slice beam parameters that are uniform along the centre of the bunch, do not result in distorted CSR kicks.
	Poster MOPOPA12 [1.553 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA12
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA20	Q Drop Tendency of Half-Wave Resonator Cavity	cavity, ECR, vacuum, superconducting-cavity	118
	Y. Jung, H. Jang, H. Kim, H. Kim, J.W. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea S. Jeon Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	All HWRs (half-wave resonator superconducting cavities) have been fabricated and installed in the low energy section of the LINAC in IBS. All HWR cavities have been tested (vertical tests, VT) both at 4.2 K and 2.1 K cryogenic surroundings although operating temperature of HWRs is 2.1 K. Good cavities of high quality factors showed the Q drop tendency of 2.1 k were very similar to that of 4.2 K. However, in many cases, Q drop tendency of 2.1 K were not similar with 4.2 K, rather Q decreased more rapidly than 4.2 K which means the surface resistance of the cavity rapidly increased at 2 K surrounding. In this study, we will report that various Q results of HWRs and compare their Q drop tendency as a function of temperature, 2.1 K and 4.2 K.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA20
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE02	Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton Linac	linac, proton, MMI, experiment	138
	P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Fortini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, E. Trinca ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy M.D. Astorino ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Frascati, Italy
	The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radio Therapy) proton linac, is a RF pulsed linac, designed for protontherapy consisting of a low frequency (425 MHz) 7 MeV injector followed by a sequence of accelerating modules operating at 3 GHz under construction, assembly and test at the ENEA Frascati Research Center. The accelerator features also a vertical low energy (3-7 MeV) line for irradiation of samples in horizontal position. The segment currently completed includes 8 SCDTL modules up to 71 MeV grouped in two sections each one powered by a 10 MW klystron driven by a SCANDINOVA K100 modulator with a variable pulse length (1-5 us) at a repetition frequency of 25 Hz. The output current can be varied up to 30 uA. The beam is mainly used for radiobiology experiments and dosimetry systems tests, but the flexibility in beam characteristics makes it suitable also for applications different from protontherapy, as the irradiation of electronics components to verify their behavior in the space environment. In this work, the current status of the accelerator and beam characteristics measurements are presented with an overview of the experiments carried on it.
	Poster MOPOGE02 [7.021 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE02
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE09	Commissioning Status of the iBNCT Accelerator	target, neutron, operation, rfq	164
	M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan N. Nagura, T. Ohba Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan H. Oguri JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan T. Toyoshima ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan
	An accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied intensively in recent years as one of the new cancer therapies after many clinical research with nuclear reactors. In the iBNCT project, the accelerator configuration consists of an RFQ and a DTL which have proven achievements in J-PARC. Meanwhile, a high duty factor is required to have a sufficient thermal neutron flux needed by BNCT treatments. After a failure of the klystron power supply occurred in Feb. 2019, beam operation was resumed in May 2020. To date, an average current of about 2 mA with the beam repetition rate of 75 Hz has been achieved with stable operation. Irradiation tests with cells and mice are ongoing together with characteristic measurements of the neutron beam. In parallel with that, we have been gradually improving the accelerator cooling-water system for further stability. In this contribution, the present status and prospects of the iBNCT accelerator are reported.
	Slides MOPOGE09 [0.852 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE09
About •	Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE10	A Medical Linac for Affordable Proton Therapy	proton, cavity, linac, cyclotron	167
	S. Hunt, J. Adélise, W.D. Klotz, R. Seviour, E.D. van Garderen Alceli Limited, Aberdeen, United Kingdom D. Correia PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Proton Therapy (PT) was first proposed in the 1940s. Application of this knowledge was largely led over the next fifty years by accelerator laboratories, but now also by commercial companies. Availability of PT is increasing but is limited by three factors: facility size, prompt/induced radiation, and treatment cost. Compact cyclotrons/synchro cyclotrons for single-room facilities have reduced space requirements. linacs can avoid high radiation levels. Yet treatment costs have remained stubbornly high, driven largely by maintenance and staffing costs over the typical 20-30 year facility lifetime. Current technology cannot simultaneously reduce these three factors. By using a long linac, the Alceli approach sacrifices size limitations, to gain massive improvements in treatment cost and radiation levels. Quadrupling the length of a linac results in a sixteen-fold reduction in RF power per cavity. Along with other innovations in our design, this leads to a modular warm linac with distributed solid-state RF amplification, easy and cheap to manufacture and maintain, requiring no water cooling, and a treatment cost of 1/10th of current facilities, making PT much more affordable.
	Slides MOPOGE10 [1.934 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE10
About •	Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE24	Understanding Q Slope of Superconducting Cavity with Magnetic Defect and Field Emission	cavity, superconducting-cavity, ECR, cryomodule	208
	H. Kim, Y. Jung, H. Kim, J.W. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea S. Jeon Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This research was supported by the RISP of ibs funded by the Ministry of Science and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea under Contract 2013M7A1A1075764. RF test for quarter-wave resonator (QWR) and half-wave resonator (HWR) superconducting cavities is performed at low temperature. The quality factors of the superconducting cavities are measured as a function of accelerating field. The magnetic heating effect for the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) is studied. For the half-wave resonator (HWR), the Q slope degradation is investigated with x-ray radiation and field emission.
	Slides MOPOGE24 [2.506 MB]
	Poster MOPOGE24 [1.174 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE24
About •	Received ※ 25 July 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE25	Rf Measurement and Characterisation of European Spallation Source Cavities at UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory and DESY	cavity, detector, cryomodule, MMI	212
	P.A. Smith, A.E.T. Akintola, K.D. Dumbell, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, C.R. Jenkins, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, J.O.W. Poynton, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom K.J. Middleman Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom D. Reschke, L. Steder, M. Wiencek DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The Accelerator Science and Technology Centre (ASTeC) is responsible for delivering 88 High Beta (HB) cavities as part of the European Spallation Source (ESS) facility in Sweden. The bulk Niobium Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities operate at 704 MHz. They have been fabricated in industry and are currently being tested at Daresbury Laboratory and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). They will then be delivered to Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, France for integration into cryomodules. To date 50 cavities have been conditioned and evaluated and 36 cavities have been delivered to CEA. This paper discusses the experiences and testing of the cavities performed to date at both sites
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE25
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI09	Linear Accelerator for Demonstration of X-Ray Radiotherapy with Flash Effect	linac, electron, solenoid, target	243
	S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, K. Kaneta, A.Yu. Smirnov, V.S. Yu RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA A.R. Li, K. Sheng UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
	Funding: This project is funded by NIH, award number NIH R01CA255432. Emerging evidence indicates that the therapeutic window of radiotherapy can be significantly increased using ultra-high dose rate dose delivery (FLASH), by which the normal tissue injury is reduced without compromising tumor cell killing. The dose rate required for FLASH is 40 Gy/s or higher, 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than conventional radiotherapy. Among the major technical challenges in achieving the FLASH dose rate with X-rays is a linear accelerator that is capable of producing such a high dose rate. We will discuss the design of a high dose rate 18 MeV linac capable of delivering 100 Gy/s of collimated X-rays at 20 cm. This linac is being developed by a RadiaBeam/UCLA collaboration for a preclinical system as a demonstration of the FLASH effect in small animals.
	Slides MOPORI09 [0.954 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI09
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO12	Development of Emittance Meter Instrument for MYRRHA	emittance, controls, EPICS, LEBT	368
	A. Rodríguez Páramo, I. Bustinduy, S. Masa, R. Miracoli, V. Toyos, S. Varnasseri ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. De Keukeleere, F. Doucet, A. Ponton, A. Tanquintic SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium J. Herranz Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain
	For the commissioning of the Myrrha proton Linac an Emittance Meter Instrument (EMI) has been foreseen. The EMI will be installed in a dedicated test bench for linac commissioning. The test bench will be initially placed after the RFQ with energies of 1.5 MeV, and in later stages moved to other sections of the Normal Con-ducting Linac for operation at 6 and 17 MeV. The Myrrha EMI will be composed by two slit and grid subsystems for measurement of the phase space in the horizontal and vertical directions. For collimating the beam, graphite slits are used, and the beam aperture is measured in the SEM grids placed downstream. Then, the control system performs signal amplification, data acquisition, and motion control, with the different sys-tems integrated in an EPICs IOC. The system, manufactured by ESS-Bilbao and Proac-tive R&D, has been tested on the ESS-Bilbao 45 keV and soon will be integrated in Myrrha facilities. We present the EMI design, with irradiation analysis and emittance reconstruction, and the integration tests results.
	Poster TUPOJO12 [1.141 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO12
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO20	Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems	target, proton, vacuum, electronics	394
	E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden M.G. Ibison Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.G. Ibison The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.
	Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA06	Microscopy Investigation on Different Materials After Pulsed High Field Conditioning and Low Energy H-Irradiation	electron, experiment, detector, cathode	422
	C.F. Da Palma Serafim, G. Bellodi, S. Calatroni, A. Grudiev, A.M. Lombardi, R.C. Peacock, A.T. Perez Fontenla, S. Ramberger, E. Sargsyan, S. Sgobba, W. Wuensch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland F. Djurabekova HIP, University of Helsinki, Finland
	During operation the LINAC4 RFQ (Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole) is exposed to high electric fields which can lead to vacuum breakdown. It is also subject to beam loss that can cause surface modification, including blistering, which can result in reduced electric field handling and an increased breakdown rate. An experimental study has been made to identify materials with high electric field capability and robustness to low-energy irradiation. In this paper we briefly discuss the selection criteria and we analyze these materials investigating their metallurgical properties using advanced microscopic techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope, Electron Back Scattered Diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and conventional optical microscopy. These allow to observe and characterize the different materials on aμand a nano-scale, allowing us to compare results before and after irradiation and breakdown testing.
	Poster TUPOPA06 [2.771 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA06
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA13	Pulsed DC High Field Measurements of Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Electrodes of Different Materials	rfq, cathode, vacuum, linac	441
	R.C. Peacock, G. Burt Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom G. Bellodi, S. Calatroni, C.F. Da Palma Serafim, A. Grudiev, A.M. Lombardi, A.T. Perez Fontenla, S. Ramberger, E. Sargsyan, S. Sgobba, W. Wuensch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Beam loss occurs in Radio Frequency Quadrupoles (RFQ), and has been observed in the H⁻ linear accelerator Linac4 (L4) at CERN. To determine if beam loss can induce breakdowns, and to compare the robustness of different materials, tests have been done using pulsed high-voltage DC systems. Electrical breakdown phenomena and conditioning processes have been studied using these systems. Cathodes of different materials were irradiated with 1.2x10¹⁹ H⁻ p/cm², the estimated beam loss of the L4 RFQ over 10 days. The irradiated electrodes were installed in a system to observe if the irradiated area coincided with the breakdown locations, with pulsing parameters similar to the RFQ. Tests of irradiated and non-irradiated electrodes of the same material were done for comparison. The main difference observed was an increase in the number of breakdowns during the initial conditioning that returned to non-irradiated sample values with further running. Visual observations after irradiation show the beam centre and a halo the same diameter of the beam pipe. Breakdown clusters occur in the centre and halo regions, suggesting irradiation is not the only factor determining the breakdown probability.
	Poster TUPOPA13 [3.845 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA13
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE14	Beamline Volume Relief Analysis for the PIP-II SSR2 Cryomodule at Fermilab	cryomodule, cavity, SRF, vacuum	519
	M. Parise, J. Bernardini, D. Passarelli Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The beam volume of the Pre-Production Single Spoke Resonator type 2 (ppSSR2) cryomodule [1] for the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) [2] project will be protected against over-pressurization using a burst disk. This contri- bution focuses on the analysis of the relief of such trapped volume during a catastrophic scenario with multiple systems failures. An analytical model, able to predict the pressure in the beam volume depending of the various boundary condi- tions, has been developed and will be presented along with the results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE14
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WE2AA02	RELIEF: Tanning of Leather with e-beam	electron, simulation, site, FEL	645
	R. Apsimon, D.A. Turner Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom K.A. Dewhurst CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland S. Setiniyaz Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom W.R. Wise University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
	Funding: STFC through the grant reference ST/S002189/1, and the Cockcroft Institute core grant, STFC grant reference ST/P002056/1. Tanning of leather for clothing, shoes and handbags uses potentially harmful chemicals that are often run off into local water supplies or require a large carbon footprint to safely recover these pollutants. In regions of the world with significant leather production this can lead to a significant environmental impact. However recent studies have suggested that leather can instead be tanned using a combination of electron beams in a process inspired by the industrial crosslinking of polymers, to drastically reduce the quantity of wastewater produced in the process; thereby resulting in a reduced environmental impact as well as potential cost savings on wastewater treatment. In this talk, initial studies of leather tanning will be presented as well as accelerator designs for use in leather irradiation.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides WE2AA02 [1.803 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-WE2AA02
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA03	Accelerator development for Global Security	electron, laser, FEL, free-electron-laser	657
	S. Biedron Element Aero, Chicago, USA
	Many facilities and projects in global security have to do with global security concerns. From direct interrogation to radiation testing, there are myriad of security applications of particle accelerators. . This paper will review accelerator design and technology development including novel sources being developed.
	Slides TH1AA03 [24.972 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA03
About •	Received ※ 31 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA04	Spatiotemporal Structure in Intense THz Pulsed Beams	polarization, flattop, electron, vacuum	663
	G.A. Hine ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Optically generated terahertz radiation, with gigavolt per meter (GV/m) electric fields accessible in tabletop experiments, provides a promising source of accelerating gradients for future particle accelerator applications. Manipulation and characterization of radiation is essential for efficiently producing high fields and effectively delivering them to an accelerating structure or interaction region. The talk will cover a method of generating and characterizing high quality and structured terahertz pulsed laser beams for compact particle acceleration.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TH1AA04 [1.126 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA04
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO12	LCLS-II-HE Cryomodule Testing at Fermilab	cavity, cryomodule, operation, plasma	721
	A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, B.E. Chase, M. Checchin, C. Contreras-Martinez, B. Giaccone, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, D.D. Lambert, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, M. Martinello, Y.M. Pischalnikov, S. Posen, J. Reid, N. Solyak, D. Sun, A. Syed, R. Wang, M.J. White, G. Wu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, J.D. Fuerst, D. Gonnella, T. Hiatt, S.L. Hoobler, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, L.M. Zacarias SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA L.R. Doolittle, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	22 Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules were successfully tested at the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) at Fermilab. Following the completion of the LCLS-II testing program, CMTF has shifted to testing cryomodules for the LCLS-II High Energy upgrade (LCLS-II-HE). The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, the verification cryomodule (vCM), was successfully tested and verified the readiness of LCLS-II-HE cryomodule testing at CMTF, and production cryomodule testing has begun. Presented here are the production cryomodule test acceptance criteria, testing plan, and cryomodule test results so far.
	Poster THPOJO12 [0.899 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO12
About •	Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA05	Status of the CLEAR User Facility at CERN and its Experiments	electron, experiment, plasma, focusing	753
	R. Corsini, W. Farabolini, A. Malyzhenkov, V. Rieker CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland P. Korysko Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
	The CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) at CERN is a versatile user facility providing a 200 MeV electron beam for accelerator R&D, irradiation studies for space, and medical applications. After successful operation in 2017-2020, CLEAR running was extended in 2021 for another 5-year period. In the paper we give a status of the facility, outlining recent progress in beam performance and hardware improvements. We report on beam operation over the last years and review the main results of experimental activities. Finally, we discuss the planned upgrades together with the proposed future experimental program.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA05
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA06	Methods for VHEE/FLASH Radiotherapy Studies and High Dose Rate Dosimetry at the CLEAR User Facility	electron, experiment, focusing, site	758
	P. Korysko Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom J.J. Bateman, C.S. Robertson JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom R. Corsini, L.A. Dyks, W. Farabolini, V. Rieker CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The interest for Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment recently bloomed, given the present availability of high-gradient accelerator technology for compact, cost effective electron linacs in the 100-200 MeV energy range. Particularly promising is the so called FLASH high dose rate regime, in which cancer cells are damaged while healthy tissue is largely spared. VHEE beams are especially adapted for FLASH RT, given their penetration depth and the high beam current, needed to treat large deep seated tumors. In the CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility, a series of unique studies have been initiated on VHEE and FLASH RT issues, in collaboration with several multidisciplinary user groups. In this paper we briefly outline the activities and its main recent results, e.g. on localized dose deposition by beam focusing, and on chemical and biological test to clarify damage mechanisms. We then describe in details the dedicated systems and the techniques adopted - and in large part locally developed by the CLEAR team - in order to satisfy the user requirements, with particular attention to the crucial aspect of high dose rate dosimetry.
	Slides THPOPA06 [1.183 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA06
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOJO04

LightHouse - A Superconducting LINAC for Producing Medical Isotopes

target, electron, cathode, gun

35

J.M. Krämer, G. Blokesch, M. Grewe, B. Keune, V. Kümper, M. Pekeler, C. Piel, C. Quitmann, T.T. Trinh, P. vom Stein
RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

The medical isoptope Mo-99 is used for diagnosing several 10 million patients every year. Up to now it is produced from enriched Uranium using high-flux neutron reactors. The Institute for Radio Elements (IRE), Belgium has ordered the design of a high-power superconducting linac for producing Mo-99 without use of nuclear fission as part of their SMART project. The LightHouse accelerator consists of a photo gun and 7 superconducting RF modules"*", a beam splitter and target illumination optics. It will deliver two electron beam of 75MeV and 1.5MW each. Photocathodes are prepared and transfered in-situ. We report on the design principles and the Beam Test Facility operating since April 2022.
*Based on Cornell CBeta design

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO04

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO07

Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation

electron, experiment, simulation, electronics

38

P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan
SAMEER, Mumbai, India

Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.

Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07

About •

Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO15

Low Energy Linac for Electronic Brachytherapy

electron, simulation, target, linac

59

C.-J. Jing, P.V. Avrakhov, J.R. Callahan, B.T. Freemire, E. Gomez, R.A. Kostin, A. Liu, S. Miller, W. Si, Y. Zhao
Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
D.S. Doran, W. Liu, J.G. Power
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
C.G. Liu, M. Pankuch
Northwestern University, Northwestern Medicine Proton Center, Warrenville, Illinois, USA
D. Mihalcea, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
W.D. Rush
KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
J.S. Welsh
Edward Hines Junior VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA

Funding: The project is supported by NNSA under Contract 89233121CNA000209.
The use of electronic brachytherapy (EB) has grown rapidly over the past decade. It is gaining significant interest from the global medical community as an improved user-friendly technology to reduce the usage of Ir-192. However, the present EB machines all use electron beams at energies of 100 kV or less to generate the X-ray photons, which limits their use to low dose-rate brachytherapy. We focus on the development of a compact and light weight 1-MeV linac to generate and deliver >250 kV X-ray photons to the patient. The device is intended to retrofit to existing brachytherapy applicators. In this paper we will report progress on this project.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO15

About •

Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO18

Manipulation and Measurement of Polarization State for THz Coherent Undulator Radiation

polarization, electron, undulator, linac

69

S. Kashiwagi, H. Hama, F. Hinode, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito
Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan
A. Irizawa
ISIR, Osaka, Japan
H. Zen
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

We are developing an accelerator-based terahertz source that can produce arbitrary polarization states from linearly polarized coherent undulator radiation (CUR). The polarization manipulation of the CUR can be realized using the Martin’Puplett interferometer employed as an optical phase shifter. This study also demonstrates a variable polarization manipulator by using the terahertz CUR (THz-CUR) source based on an extremely short electron bunch at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. The horizontally polarized CUR with a frequency of 1.9 THz was manipulated into variable polarization state, and Stokes parameters were measured to derive the degree of polarization. Beam experimental results will be presented in this conference.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO18

About •

Received ※ 09 September 2022 — Revised ※ 18 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA12

Preserving Bright Electron Beams: Distorted CSR Kicks

dipole, emittance, electron, synchrotron-radiation

91

A. Dixon, T.K. Charles
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
T.K. Charles, P.H. Williams
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
S. Thorin
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Short pulse, low emittance electron beams are necessary to drive bright FEL X-rays, for this reason it is important to preserve and limit emittance growth. The strong bunch compression required to achieve the short bunches, can lead to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR)-induced emittance growth, and while there are some methods of CSR cancel- lation, these methods may be less effective when the CSR kicks are distorted. In an attempt to understand why CSR kicks become distorted, we compare the CSR kicks calcu- lated using the whole beam parameters to the CSR kicks calculated using the longitudinally sliced beam parameters, when propagated to the end of the bunch compressor. We find that CSR kicks can become distorted when calculated with non-uniform slice beam parameters. While slice beam parameters that are uniform along the centre of the bunch, do not result in distorted CSR kicks.

Poster MOPOPA12 [1.553 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA12

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA20

Q Drop Tendency of Half-Wave Resonator Cavity

cavity, ECR, vacuum, superconducting-cavity

118

Y. Jung, H. Jang, H. Kim, H. Kim, J.W. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
S. Jeon
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

All HWRs (half-wave resonator superconducting cavities) have been fabricated and installed in the low energy section of the LINAC in IBS. All HWR cavities have been tested (vertical tests, VT) both at 4.2 K and 2.1 K cryogenic surroundings although operating temperature of HWRs is 2.1 K. Good cavities of high quality factors showed the Q drop tendency of 2.1 k were very similar to that of 4.2 K. However, in many cases, Q drop tendency of 2.1 K were not similar with 4.2 K, rather Q decreased more rapidly than 4.2 K which means the surface resistance of the cavity rapidly increased at 2 K surrounding. In this study, we will report that various Q results of HWRs and compare their Q drop tendency as a function of temperature, 2.1 K and 4.2 K.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA20

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE02

Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton Linac

linac, proton, MMI, experiment

138

P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Fortini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, E. Trinca
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
M.D. Astorino
ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Frascati, Italy

The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radio Therapy) proton linac, is a RF pulsed linac, designed for protontherapy consisting of a low frequency (425 MHz) 7 MeV injector followed by a sequence of accelerating modules operating at 3 GHz under construction, assembly and test at the ENEA Frascati Research Center. The accelerator features also a vertical low energy (3-7 MeV) line for irradiation of samples in horizontal position. The segment currently completed includes 8 SCDTL modules up to 71 MeV grouped in two sections each one powered by a 10 MW klystron driven by a SCANDINOVA K100 modulator with a variable pulse length (1-5 us) at a repetition frequency of 25 Hz. The output current can be varied up to 30 uA. The beam is mainly used for radiobiology experiments and dosimetry systems tests, but the flexibility in beam characteristics makes it suitable also for applications different from protontherapy, as the irradiation of electronics components to verify their behavior in the space environment. In this work, the current status of the accelerator and beam characteristics measurements are presented with an overview of the experiments carried on it.

Poster MOPOGE02 [7.021 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE02

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE09

Commissioning Status of the iBNCT Accelerator

target, neutron, operation, rfq

164

M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Nagura, T. Ohba
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
H. Oguri
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
T. Toyoshima
ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan

An accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied intensively in recent years as one of the new cancer therapies after many clinical research with nuclear reactors. In the iBNCT project, the accelerator configuration consists of an RFQ and a DTL which have proven achievements in J-PARC. Meanwhile, a high duty factor is required to have a sufficient thermal neutron flux needed by BNCT treatments. After a failure of the klystron power supply occurred in Feb. 2019, beam operation was resumed in May 2020. To date, an average current of about 2 mA with the beam repetition rate of 75 Hz has been achieved with stable operation. Irradiation tests with cells and mice are ongoing together with characteristic measurements of the neutron beam. In parallel with that, we have been gradually improving the accelerator cooling-water system for further stability. In this contribution, the present status and prospects of the iBNCT accelerator are reported.

Slides MOPOGE09 [0.852 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE09

About •

Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE10

A Medical Linac for Affordable Proton Therapy

proton, cavity, linac, cyclotron

167

S. Hunt, J. Adélise, W.D. Klotz, R. Seviour, E.D. van Garderen
Alceli Limited, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
D. Correia
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Proton Therapy (PT) was first proposed in the 1940s. Application of this knowledge was largely led over the next fifty years by accelerator laboratories, but now also by commercial companies. Availability of PT is increasing but is limited by three factors: facility size, prompt/induced radiation, and treatment cost. Compact cyclotrons/synchro cyclotrons for single-room facilities have reduced space requirements. linacs can avoid high radiation levels. Yet treatment costs have remained stubbornly high, driven largely by maintenance and staffing costs over the typical 20-30 year facility lifetime. Current technology cannot simultaneously reduce these three factors. By using a long linac, the Alceli approach sacrifices size limitations, to gain massive improvements in treatment cost and radiation levels. Quadrupling the length of a linac results in a sixteen-fold reduction in RF power per cavity. Along with other innovations in our design, this leads to a modular warm linac with distributed solid-state RF amplification, easy and cheap to manufacture and maintain, requiring no water cooling, and a treatment cost of 1/10th of current facilities, making PT much more affordable.

Slides MOPOGE10 [1.934 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE10

About •

Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE24

Understanding Q Slope of Superconducting Cavity with Magnetic Defect and Field Emission

cavity, superconducting-cavity, ECR, cryomodule

208

H. Kim, Y. Jung, H. Kim, J.W. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
S. Jeon
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

Funding: This research was supported by the RISP of ibs funded by the Ministry of Science and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea under Contract 2013M7A1A1075764.
RF test for quarter-wave resonator (QWR) and half-wave resonator (HWR) superconducting cavities is performed at low temperature. The quality factors of the superconducting cavities are measured as a function of accelerating field. The magnetic heating effect for the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) is studied. For the half-wave resonator (HWR), the Q slope degradation is investigated with x-ray radiation and field emission.

Slides MOPOGE24 [2.506 MB]

Poster MOPOGE24 [1.174 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE24

About •

Received ※ 25 July 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE25

Rf Measurement and Characterisation of European Spallation Source Cavities at UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory and DESY

cavity, detector, cryomodule, MMI

212

P.A. Smith, A.E.T. Akintola, K.D. Dumbell, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, C.R. Jenkins, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, J.O.W. Poynton, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
K.J. Middleman
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
D. Reschke, L. Steder, M. Wiencek
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The Accelerator Science and Technology Centre (ASTeC) is responsible for delivering 88 High Beta (HB) cavities as part of the European Spallation Source (ESS) facility in Sweden. The bulk Niobium Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities operate at 704 MHz. They have been fabricated in industry and are currently being tested at Daresbury Laboratory and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). They will then be delivered to Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, France for integration into cryomodules. To date 50 cavities have been conditioned and evaluated and 36 cavities have been delivered to CEA. This paper discusses the experiences and testing of the cavities performed to date at both sites

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE25

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI09

Linear Accelerator for Demonstration of X-Ray Radiotherapy with Flash Effect

linac, electron, solenoid, target

243

S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, K. Kaneta, A.Yu. Smirnov, V.S. Yu
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
A.R. Li, K. Sheng
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: This project is funded by NIH, award number NIH R01CA255432.
Emerging evidence indicates that the therapeutic window of radiotherapy can be significantly increased using ultra-high dose rate dose delivery (FLASH), by which the normal tissue injury is reduced without compromising tumor cell killing. The dose rate required for FLASH is 40 Gy/s or higher, 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than conventional radiotherapy. Among the major technical challenges in achieving the FLASH dose rate with X-rays is a linear accelerator that is capable of producing such a high dose rate. We will discuss the design of a high dose rate 18 MeV linac capable of delivering 100 Gy/s of collimated X-rays at 20 cm. This linac is being developed by a RadiaBeam/UCLA collaboration for a preclinical system as a demonstration of the FLASH effect in small animals.

Slides MOPORI09 [0.954 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI09

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO12

Development of Emittance Meter Instrument for MYRRHA

emittance, controls, EPICS, LEBT

368

A. Rodríguez Páramo, I. Bustinduy, S. Masa, R. Miracoli, V. Toyos, S. Varnasseri
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. De Keukeleere, F. Doucet, A. Ponton, A. Tanquintic
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
J. Herranz
Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain

For the commissioning of the Myrrha proton Linac an Emittance Meter Instrument (EMI) has been foreseen. The EMI will be installed in a dedicated test bench for linac commissioning. The test bench will be initially placed after the RFQ with energies of 1.5 MeV, and in later stages moved to other sections of the Normal Con-ducting Linac for operation at 6 and 17 MeV. The Myrrha EMI will be composed by two slit and grid subsystems for measurement of the phase space in the horizontal and vertical directions. For collimating the beam, graphite slits are used, and the beam aperture is measured in the SEM grids placed downstream. Then, the control system performs signal amplification, data acquisition, and motion control, with the different sys-tems integrated in an EPICs IOC. The system, manufactured by ESS-Bilbao and Proac-tive R&D, has been tested on the ESS-Bilbao 45 keV and soon will be integrated in Myrrha facilities. We present the EMI design, with irradiation analysis and emittance reconstruction, and the integration tests results.

Poster TUPOJO12 [1.141 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO12

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO20

Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems

target, proton, vacuum, electronics

394

E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi
University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden
M.G. Ibison
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.G. Ibison
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.

Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA06

Microscopy Investigation on Different Materials After Pulsed High Field Conditioning and Low Energy H-Irradiation

electron, experiment, detector, cathode

422

C.F. Da Palma Serafim, G. Bellodi, S. Calatroni, A. Grudiev, A.M. Lombardi, R.C. Peacock, A.T. Perez Fontenla, S. Ramberger, E. Sargsyan, S. Sgobba, W. Wuensch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
F. Djurabekova
HIP, University of Helsinki, Finland

During operation the LINAC4 RFQ (Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole) is exposed to high electric fields which can lead to vacuum breakdown. It is also subject to beam loss that can cause surface modification, including blistering, which can result in reduced electric field handling and an increased breakdown rate. An experimental study has been made to identify materials with high electric field capability and robustness to low-energy irradiation. In this paper we briefly discuss the selection criteria and we analyze these materials investigating their metallurgical properties using advanced microscopic techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope, Electron Back Scattered Diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and conventional optical microscopy. These allow to observe and characterize the different materials on aμand a nano-scale, allowing us to compare results before and after irradiation and breakdown testing.

Poster TUPOPA06 [2.771 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA06

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA13

Pulsed DC High Field Measurements of Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Electrodes of Different Materials

rfq, cathode, vacuum, linac

441

R.C. Peacock, G. Burt
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
G. Bellodi, S. Calatroni, C.F. Da Palma Serafim, A. Grudiev, A.M. Lombardi, A.T. Perez Fontenla, S. Ramberger, E. Sargsyan, S. Sgobba, W. Wuensch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Beam loss occurs in Radio Frequency Quadrupoles (RFQ), and has been observed in the H⁻ linear accelerator Linac4 (L4) at CERN. To determine if beam loss can induce breakdowns, and to compare the robustness of different materials, tests have been done using pulsed high-voltage DC systems. Electrical breakdown phenomena and conditioning processes have been studied using these systems. Cathodes of different materials were irradiated with 1.2x10¹⁹ H⁻ p/cm², the estimated beam loss of the L4 RFQ over 10 days. The irradiated electrodes were installed in a system to observe if the irradiated area coincided with the breakdown locations, with pulsing parameters similar to the RFQ. Tests of irradiated and non-irradiated electrodes of the same material were done for comparison. The main difference observed was an increase in the number of breakdowns during the initial conditioning that returned to non-irradiated sample values with further running. Visual observations after irradiation show the beam centre and a halo the same diameter of the beam pipe. Breakdown clusters occur in the centre and halo regions, suggesting irradiation is not the only factor determining the breakdown probability.

Poster TUPOPA13 [3.845 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA13

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE14

Beamline Volume Relief Analysis for the PIP-II SSR2 Cryomodule at Fermilab

cryomodule, cavity, SRF, vacuum

519

M. Parise, J. Bernardini, D. Passarelli
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The beam volume of the Pre-Production Single Spoke Resonator type 2 (ppSSR2) cryomodule [1] for the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) [2] project will be protected against over-pressurization using a burst disk. This contri- bution focuses on the analysis of the relief of such trapped volume during a catastrophic scenario with multiple systems failures. An analytical model, able to predict the pressure in the beam volume depending of the various boundary condi- tions, has been developed and will be presented along with the results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE14

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WE2AA02

RELIEF: Tanning of Leather with e-beam

electron, simulation, site, FEL

645

R. Apsimon, D.A. Turner
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
K.A. Dewhurst
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
S. Setiniyaz
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
W.R. Wise
University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom

Funding: STFC through the grant reference ST/S002189/1, and the Cockcroft Institute core grant, STFC grant reference ST/P002056/1.
Tanning of leather for clothing, shoes and handbags uses potentially harmful chemicals that are often run off into local water supplies or require a large carbon footprint to safely recover these pollutants. In regions of the world with significant leather production this can lead to a significant environmental impact. However recent studies have suggested that leather can instead be tanned using a combination of electron beams in a process inspired by the industrial crosslinking of polymers, to drastically reduce the quantity of wastewater produced in the process; thereby resulting in a reduced environmental impact as well as potential cost savings on wastewater treatment. In this talk, initial studies of leather tanning will be presented as well as accelerator designs for use in leather irradiation.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides WE2AA02 [1.803 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-WE2AA02

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA03

Accelerator development for Global Security

electron, laser, FEL, free-electron-laser

657

S. Biedron
Element Aero, Chicago, USA

Many facilities and projects in global security have to do with global security concerns. From direct interrogation to radiation testing, there are myriad of security applications of particle accelerators. . This paper will review accelerator design and technology development including novel sources being developed.

Slides TH1AA03 [24.972 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA03

About •

Received ※ 31 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA04

Spatiotemporal Structure in Intense THz Pulsed Beams

polarization, flattop, electron, vacuum

663

G.A. Hine
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Optically generated terahertz radiation, with gigavolt per meter (GV/m) electric fields accessible in tabletop experiments, provides a promising source of accelerating gradients for future particle accelerator applications. Manipulation and characterization of radiation is essential for efficiently producing high fields and effectively delivering them to an accelerating structure or interaction region. The talk will cover a method of generating and characterizing high quality and structured terahertz pulsed laser beams for compact particle acceleration.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TH1AA04 [1.126 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA04

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO12

LCLS-II-HE Cryomodule Testing at Fermilab

cavity, cryomodule, operation, plasma

721

A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, B.E. Chase, M. Checchin, C. Contreras-Martinez, B. Giaccone, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, D.D. Lambert, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, M. Martinello, Y.M. Pischalnikov, S. Posen, J. Reid, N. Solyak, D. Sun, A. Syed, R. Wang, M.J. White, G. Wu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, J.D. Fuerst, D. Gonnella, T. Hiatt, S.L. Hoobler, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, L.M. Zacarias
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
L.R. Doolittle, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

22 Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules were successfully tested at the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) at Fermilab. Following the completion of the LCLS-II testing program, CMTF has shifted to testing cryomodules for the LCLS-II High Energy upgrade (LCLS-II-HE). The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, the verification cryomodule (vCM), was successfully tested and verified the readiness of LCLS-II-HE cryomodule testing at CMTF, and production cryomodule testing has begun. Presented here are the production cryomodule test acceptance criteria, testing plan, and cryomodule test results so far.

Poster THPOJO12 [0.899 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO12

About •

Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA05

Status of the CLEAR User Facility at CERN and its Experiments

electron, experiment, plasma, focusing

753

R. Corsini, W. Farabolini, A. Malyzhenkov, V. Rieker
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
P. Korysko
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

The CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) at CERN is a versatile user facility providing a 200 MeV electron beam for accelerator R&D, irradiation studies for space, and medical applications. After successful operation in 2017-2020, CLEAR running was extended in 2021 for another 5-year period. In the paper we give a status of the facility, outlining recent progress in beam performance and hardware improvements. We report on beam operation over the last years and review the main results of experimental activities. Finally, we discuss the planned upgrades together with the proposed future experimental program.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA05

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA06

Methods for VHEE/FLASH Radiotherapy Studies and High Dose Rate Dosimetry at the CLEAR User Facility

electron, experiment, focusing, site

758

P. Korysko
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.J. Bateman, C.S. Robertson
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
R. Corsini, L.A. Dyks, W. Farabolini, V. Rieker
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The interest for Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment recently bloomed, given the present availability of high-gradient accelerator technology for compact, cost effective electron linacs in the 100-200 MeV energy range. Particularly promising is the so called FLASH high dose rate regime, in which cancer cells are damaged while healthy tissue is largely spared. VHEE beams are especially adapted for FLASH RT, given their penetration depth and the high beam current, needed to treat large deep seated tumors. In the CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility, a series of unique studies have been initiated on VHEE and FLASH RT issues, in collaboration with several multidisciplinary user groups. In this paper we briefly outline the activities and its main recent results, e.g. on localized dose deposition by beam focusing, and on chemical and biological test to clarify damage mechanisms. We then describe in details the dedicated systems and the techniques adopted - and in large part locally developed by the CLEAR team - in order to satisfy the user requirements, with particular attention to the crucial aspect of high dose rate dosimetry.

Slides THPOPA06 [1.183 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA06

About •

Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)