LINAC2016 - Classification: 2 Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications / 2A Proton Linac Projects

Paper	Title	Page
MOPLR048	Fabrication and Testing of a Novel S-Band Backward Travelling Wave Accelerating Structure for Proton Therapy Linacs	237
SPWR023	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	S. Benedetti, T. Argyropoulos, C. Blanch Gutiérrez, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Degiovanni, D. Esperante Pereira, M. Garlaschè, J. Giner Navarro, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, A. Solodko, M.A. Timmins, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Esperante Pereira IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Compact and more affordable, facilities for proton therapy are now entering the market of commercial medical accelerators. At CERN, a joint collaboration between CLIC and TERA Foundation led to the design, fabrication and testing of a high gradient accelerating structure prototype, capable of halving the length of state-of-art light ion therapy linacs. This paper focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a first prototype. CLIC standardized bead-pull measurement setup was used, leading to a quick and successful tuning of the prototype. The high power tests will soon start in order to prove that the structure can withstand a very high accelerating gradient while suffering no more than 10^-6 breakdown per pulse per meter (bpp/m), resulting in less than one breakdown per treatment session.
	Poster MOPLR048 [2.804 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR048
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MOPLR049	Design of a 750 MHz IH Structure for Medical Applications	240
SPWR022	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	S. Benedetti, A. Grudiev, A. Latina CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Low velocity particles are critical in every hadron accelerator chain. While RFQs nicely cover the first MeV/u range, providing both acceleration and bunching, energies higher than few MeV/u require different structures, depending on the specific application. In the framework of the TULIP project [1], a 750 MHz IH structure was designed, in order to cover the 5-10 MeV/u range. The relatively high operating frequency and small bore aperture radius led the choice towards TE mode structures over more classic DTLs. Hereafter, the RF regular cell and end cell optimization is presented. An innovative solution to compensate dipole kicks is discussed, together with the beam dynamics and the matching with the 5 MeV 750 MHz CERN RFQ [2]. This structure was specifically designed for medical applications with a duty cycle of about 1 ', but can easily adapted to duty cycles up to 5 %, typical of PET isotopes production in hospitals.
	Poster MOPLR049 [3.212 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR049
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MOPLR050	Study and Development of CW Room Temperature Rebuncher for SARAF Accelerator	244
SPWR040	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	B. Kaizer, Z. Horvitz, A. Perry, J. Rodnizki Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel M. Di Giacomo, J.F. Leyge, M. Michel, P. Toussaint GANIL, Caen, France A. Friedman Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
	The SARAF 176 MHz accelerator is designed to provide CW proton/deuteron beams up to 5 mA current and 40 MeV accelerated ion energy. Phase I of SARAF (up to 4-5 MeV) has been installed, commissioned, and is available for experimental work. Phase II of SARAF is currently in the planning stage and will contain larger MEBT with three rebunchers and four cryomodules, each consisting of SC HWRs and solenoids. Phase II MEBT line is designed to follow a 1.3 MeV/u RFQ, is 4.5 m long, and contains three 176 MHz rebunchers providing a field integral of 10⁵ kV. Different rebuncher configurations have been studied in order to minimize the RF losses and maximize the shunt impedance. Different apertures have also been tested with a required of 40 mm diameter by beam dynamics. The simulations were done using CST Microwave Studio. CEA leads the design for SARAF phase II linac including the MEBT rebunchers and has studied a mixed solid copper and Cu plated stainless steel, 3-gap cavity. SNRC is developing a 4-gap OFHC copper rebuncher as a risk reduction. Both designs are presented and discussed in the paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR050
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MOPLR051	Simulation of Gas and Plasma Charge Strippers	248
SPWR038	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	O.S.H. Haas, O. Boine-Frankenheim TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF as part of project 05P15RDRBA. Charge stripping of intense heavy ion beams is a major challenge in current and future linear heavy ion accelerators. Conventional stripping techniques are limited in their applicability, e.g. solid carbon foils suffer from short lifetimes at high intensities. One possible alternative is the use of a plasma as a stripping medium, which the presented work focuses on. The main goal of the studies is the prediction of the final charge state distribution of the ion beam. Rate equations were implemented numerically, taking into account different models for ionization, recombination and energy loss processes. First quantitative results are presented in form of an overview of the charge state distributions of different charge stripping media. For fixed projectile properties and target phase, it is observed that the mean charge state q₀ decreases for increasing nuclear charge Z_\text{T} of the target. Plasmas show significantly increased q₀ for the same Z_T. The width d of the charge state distributions is larger for higher Z_\text{T}. The latter is caused by multiple loss of the projectile and decreases the maximum stripping efficiency by typically less than a factor of 2.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR051
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MOPLR052	LEBT Commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC	251
	T. Shibata, K. Ikegami, T. Maruta, K. Ohkoshi J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan H. Asano, Y. Kondo, A. Miura, H. Oguri JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Liu KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan F. Naito, A. Takagi KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	After upgrade of J-PARC Linac in 2014, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) beam commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC has been made for improving H-beam intensity extracted from Linac. Currents of two solenoid coils and steering magnets in LEBT are optimized with extraction and acceleration voltages for static acceleration in ion source (IS) which decides on an initial emittance diagram of H⁻ beam. As a result of LEBT and IS parameter optimization, beam transmission rate of RFQ has been reached up to 96 % in 50 mA H⁻ current operation. Moreover, PIC-MC (Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo) simulation model is developed for H⁻ transport in LEBT. Comparison between experimental and numerical results are presented to clarify beam physics from IS exit to RFQ entrance.
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MOPLR053	Operating Status of Injector II RFQ for C-ADS Project	254
	L.P. Sun, Y. He, C.X. Li, L. Lu, A. Shi, L.B. Shi, W.B. Wang, X.B. Xu, Z.L. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The Radio Frequency Quadrupole system has been designed and constructed for C-ADS (Chinese Accelerator Driven System) Injector II in Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has been running for more than one year until now. It is a quadrilateral four-vane resonator with two equal couplers operating in CW mode. In the paper, RF system upgrade will be presented in detail，especially the two-port configuration was introduced and the conditioning based on two new sets of solid-state amplifier instead of the original tetrodes power source due to system hardware upgrade are described in the paper. RFQ, solid-state amplifier, two-port configuration, coupler
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MOPLR054	Progress and Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac	257
	K. Hasegawa JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	The J-PARC linac started beam commissioning in 2006 and has delivered beam to users since 2008. The linac had been operated with a beam energy of 181 MeV and a peak beam current of 15-20 mA, which corresponds to the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) beam power of 300 kW. An energy of 400 MeV and higher peak beam current of 50 mA linac was required to reach the goal of the J-PARC project. For the beam energy upgrade, we installed a new accelerating structure, Annular-ring Coupled Structure linac (ACS) in 2013. The ion source and the Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac were replaced to increase the peak beam current in 2014. Since then, the linac provides beams to demonstrate a 1 MW equivalent beam at the RCS and also for routine operation for user programs. The progress and operation experiences of the J-PARC linac are presented.
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MOPLR057	Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source	261
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M.J. Ferreira, O. Midttun ESS, Lund, Sweden O. Midttun University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
	At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started some weeks ago. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Commissioning plan and preliminary characterization are also presented, with the aim to satisfy the requirement above.
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MOPLR059	Commissioning Plans for the ESS DTL	264
	M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (a beam pulse of 2.86 ms, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This article describes the commissioning strategy plans for the DTL part of the linac, techniques for finding the RF set-point of the 5 tanks and steering approach. Typical beam parameters, as proposed for commissioning purposes, are discussed as well and how the commissioning sequence of the tanks fits together with ongoing installation works in the tunnel.
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MOPLR060	CIADS Normal Temperature Front-End Design	267
SPWR036	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	W.L. Chen, W.P. Dou, Y. He, H. Jia, S.H. Liu, Y.S. Qin, Z.J. Wang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The design and construction with several tens of megawatts superconducting accelerator is the developing direction in the further. The superconducting section follows the RFQ and MEBT, which needs good enough beam quality. The normal temperature front ends are redesigned for China Initiative ADS. The LEBT transports a 35KeV, 10mA DC proton beam to the RFQ, after the RFQ acceleration the MEBT transports a 2.1MeV 10mA CW proton beam to the superconducting DTL. The "Point Source" is proposed in the beam scrape application during the LEBT section to get the ideal transverse beam parameters. To get the ideal longitudinal beam parameters, the new RFQ is designed with little emittance. Collimators are installed in the new MEBT to scrape the outer sphere beams which may turn to halo. Details of the beam dynamics simulations will be given.
	Poster MOPLR060 [1.109 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR060
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MOPLR061	Commissioning of the RI Production Beam Line of KOMAC	271
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A radioisotope (RI) production beam line has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) in 2015 and the commissioning started in 2016. The beam parameters of the beam line are 100-MeV beam energy with a maximum 30 kW beam power, which is driven by KOMAC 100-MeV proton linac. The main components of the beam line are a beam transport system, a target transport system, a cooling system for target and hot cell. KOMAC has a plan to commission the beam line and get an operational license in 2016 and start user service in 2017. In this paper, the development and initial commissioning results of the RI production beam line are presented.
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MOPLR062	European Spallation Source (ESS) Normal Conducting Front End Status Report	274
	W. Wittmer, P.O. Gustavsson, F. Hellström, G. Hulla ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, G. Harper, S. Varnasseri, C. de la Cruz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A.C. Chauveau, D. Chirpaz-Cerbat CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Mereu INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy O. Midttun University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway O. Piquet, B. Pottin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver first protons on target by mid 2019. Civil construction of the accelerator tunnel has made good progress and will allow starting installation of the normal conducting frond end (NCFE) by end of 2017. To achieve these milestones the design of all major beam line components have been completed and the construction of the subsystems begun. We report on the advancement of the subsystems and the commissioning progress of the microwave discharge Proton Source (PS-ESS).
	Poster MOPLR062 [1.396 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR062
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MOPLR063	Development of H⁰ Beam Diagnostic Line in MEBT2 of J-PARC Linac	277
	J. Tamura, A. Miura, T. Morishita JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan H. Ao FRIB, East Lansing, USA T. Maruta J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Miyao KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac, H⁰ particles arising from collisions of accelerated H⁻ beams with residual gas are considered as one of the key factors of the residual radiation in the high energy accelerating section. To analyze the H⁰ and the accelerated H⁻ particles, the bump magnet system was designed and produced. The H⁰ beam diagnostic line consists of four horizontal bending magnets, non-destructive beam position monitor and wire scan beam profile monitor. In the 2015 summer maintenance period of the J-PARC, the new diagnostic line was constructed in the beam transport (MEBT2), which is the matching section from separated-type drift tube linac (SDTL) to annular-ring coupled structure linac (ACS). In the beam commissioning, we experimentally confirmed that the accelerated 190 MeV H⁻ beams are horizontally shifted as expected with the magnetostatic field simulation and the particle tracking simulation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR063
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MOPLR065	High-Gradient X-band Structures for Proton Energy Booster at LANSCE	280
	S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA V.A. Dolgashev SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. Using superconducting RF cavities with gradients ~15 MV/m after the existing linac would result in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a much shorter cost-effective booster based on normal conducting high-gradient (~100 MV/m) RF accelerating structures. Such X-band high-gradient structures have been developed for electron acceleration and operate with typical RF pulse lengths below 1 us. They have never been used for protons because typical wavelengths and apertures are smaller than the proton bunch sizes. However, these limitations do not restrict proton radiography (pRad) applications. A train of very short proton bunches with the same total length and charge as the original long proton bunch will create the same single radiography frame, plus pRad limits contiguous trains of beam micro-pulses to below 60 ns to prevent blur in images. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we explore feasibility of two-stage design: a short S-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam followed by the main high-gradient X-band linac.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR065
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MOPLR066	ProBE: Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy	283
	S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A.F. Green, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom A. Grudiev, A. Solodko, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This work was funded by STFC and IPS Proton beam therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative to traditional radiotherapy, especially for paedi- atric malignancies and radio-resistant tumours. Allowing a highly precise tumour irradiation, it is currently limited by range verification. Several imaging modalities can be utilised for treatment planning, but typically X-ray CT is used. CT scans require conversion from Hounsfield units to estimate the proton stopping power (PSP) of the tissue be- ing treated, and this produces inaccuracy. Proton CT (pCT) measures PSP and is thought to allow an improvement of the treatment accuracy. The Christie Hospital will use a 250 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, in this paper a pulsed linac upgrade is proposed, to provide 350 MeV protons for pCT within the facility. Space contraints require a compact, high gradient (HG) solution that is reliable and affordable.
	Poster MOPLR066 [0.610 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR066
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MOPLR067	First High Power Tests at the 325 MHz RF Test Stand at GSI	287
	G. Schreiber, E. Plechov, J. Salvatore, B. Schlitt, A. Schnase, M. Vossberg GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A dedicated RF test stand for testing RF components and accelerating structures at 325 MHz has been put into operation at GSI. It allows testing the klystrons and circulators as well as the RFQ and the CH-acceleration cavities for the planned FAIR proton linac (p-Linac) and further cavity projects. The system integration has been completed and first high power tests with the CH prototype cavity were successfully performed. The operation parameters are 2 Hz repetition rate and 200 microseconds pulse length. Investigations on the critical path from wave guide to coaxial high power cavity coupler have been made. Performance measurements of the klystron, circulator and directional couplers with up to 2.8 MW on dummy load and the following conditioning process of the CH-prototype cavity with its coupled RF structures will be presented. Additionally the results of the conditioning of a ladder RFQ prototype are shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR067
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MOPLR069	Implication of Manufacturing Errors on the Layout of Stabilization System and on the Field Quality in a Drift Tube Linac - RF DTL Error Study	290
	R. De Prisco, A.R. Karlsson Lund University, Lund, Sweden M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The field flatness and the layout of the stabilization system in a drift tube linac are strongly dependent on the manufacturing errors that affect the local resonant frequency. In this paper a methodology is presented to study, firstly, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency and of the field flatness to each geometrical parameter of the drift tubes; then a set of tolerances for each parameter is found and a stabilization system layout is defined in order to keep the field flatness within an acceptable limit.
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MOPLR070	Integration of Interfaces and Stabilization System in the Design of a Drift Tube Linac	294
	R. De Prisco, A.R. Karlsson Lund University, Lund, Sweden M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Making an accurate RF design of any accelerating structure is fundamental to ensure that electromagnetic and beam dynamics requirements will be achieved. This is essential for the most complicated accelerating structures like the drift tube linac: in this case a meticulous design facilitates the RF commissioning too. In this paper the influence of the interfaces and of the field stabilization system on the RF design is analyzed and an advanced design methodology to mitigate field degradation is presented.
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MOPLR071	A 3-MeV Linac for Development of Accelerator Components at J-PARC	298
	Y. Kondo, H. Asano, E. Chishiro, K. Hirano, T. Itou, Y. Kawane, N. Kikuzawa, S.I. Meigo, A. Miura, S. Mizobata, T. Morishita, H. Oguri, K. Ohkoshi, A. Ohzone, Y. Sato, S. Shinozaki, K. Shinto, H. Takei, K. Tsutsumi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, T. Miyao, K. Nanmo, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Hori Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan T. Ishiyama, T. Maruta KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan M. Mayama, Y. Sawabe Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
	We are constructing a linac for development of accelerator components at J-PARC. This linac consists of a H⁻ ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), an radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, and a diagnostics bean line. The beam energy is 3 MeV, the beam current is 30 mA, and the duty factor is 0.6%, which corresponds to 0.5 kW. The accelerator itself has a capacity of at least 1 kW. However, the beam power is limited by radiation dose, because there are no radiation shields between the accessible area during the operation. The source and LEBT are same as the J-PARC linac's. The RFQ is a used one in the J-PARC linac, called RFQ I. At first, we are planning to conduct experiments of the laser charge exchange development for the transmutation facility. Then, this linac will be used for the development accelerator components such as beam scrapers, bunch shape monitors, laser profile monitors, and so on. We will be able to install new devices into the actual J-PARC linac after the full testing. The development of H⁻ ion source can be carried out at this system, and also RFQ in the future. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac at J-PARC is presented.
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MOPLR072	The Effect of DTL Cavity Field Errors on Beam Spill at LANSCE	301
	L. Rybarcyk, R.C. McCrady LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator comprises two (H⁺ and H⁻) 750-keV Cockcroft-Walton style injectors, a 201.25-MHz, 100-MeV drift-tube linac (DTL) and an 805-MHz, 800-MeV coupled-cavity linac (CCL). As part of the LANSCE Risk Mitigation project a new digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control system is being deployed across the linac, starting with the DTL. Related to this upgrade, a study was performed where specific cavity field errors were simultaneously introduced in all DTL tanks about the nominal stable, low-spill, production set points to mimic LLRF control errors. The impact of these errors on the resultant beam spill was quantified for the nominal 100 μA, 800-MeV Lujan beam. We present the details of the measurement approach and results that show a rapid increase in total linac beam spill as DTL cavity field phase and amplitude errors are increased.
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TU1A03	Experience with the Construction and Commissioning of Linac4	342
	J.-B. Lallement CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program, CERN is presently commissioning Linac4, a 160MeV H⁻ ion linac, which will replace the present 50 MeV proton linac (Linac2) as injector to the PS Booster during the next LHC long shut-down. The installation of the machine has proceeded in parallel with a staged beam commissioning at the energies of 3, 12, 50, 100 MeV and finally 160 MeV, foreseen for fall 2016. A seven month long reliability run will take place during 2017 to access potential weak points and find mitigations. The lessons learnt during its construction, the main outcomes of the beam commissioning and the remaining steps toward its connection to the PS Booster are presented in this paper.
	Slides TU1A03 [5.747 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A03
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TU1A04	Commissioning of the Lanzhou ADS Front-end
	Y. He IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Report on the construction and beam commissioning of the front-end up to the first or second cryomodule at IMP Lanzhou.
	Slides TU1A04 [8.316 MB]
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TU1A05	High Power Operation of SNS SC Linac	348
	M.A. Plum ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Work performed at (or work supported by) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The SNS superconducting linac (SCL) provides 972 MeV, 1.5 MW H− beam for the storage ring and neutron spallation target. It has now been in operation for 11 years, and we have gained some experience in long-term operational issues. Three inter-related issues are gradient changes, errant beams, and trip rates. In this presentation we will provide an update on our progress to mitigate these issues, and also report on the overall status of the SCL.
	Slides TU1A05 [5.831 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A05
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TUOP05	First Experiments at the CW-Operated RFQ for Intense Proton Beams	394
SPWR014	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
TUPLR075	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P.P. Schneider, D. Born, M. Droba, C. Lorey, O. Meusel, D. Noll, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, B. Thomas, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This contribution describes the first experiments with the cw-operated RFQ, which is designed to accelerate protons from 120keV to 700keV for the FRANZ-Project. The commissioning is done using the RF and ion beam scrubbing technique. In the first phase, the acceptance of the RFQ is scanned and the performance of the RFQ without space-charge effects is evaluated with a 2mA proton beam. The second phase will increase the beam current up to 50mA and a third phase with a machine upgrade for a beam current of up to 200mA is planned. The configuration of a high-current RFQ, transporting beam current increasing from 2mA with no space-charge forces to a beam with high space-charge effects gives an unique insight in the beam optics of the space-charge effects. The measurements are done with a slit-grid emittance scanner for the transversal phase-space, a faraday cup for the transmitted current and a momentum spectrometer to measure the energy spread. The results set the basis for later experiments on variations of the beam current and the future coupling of the RFQ with an IH-structure*. Bechtold, A., et al., MOP001, LINAC08 Meusel, O., et al., MO3A03, LINAC12 * Vossberg, M., et al., WEPFI009, IPAC13 **** Heilmann, M., et al., THPWO017, IPAC13
	Slides TUOP05 [2.435 MB]
	Poster TUOP05 [4.550 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP05
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TUP106007	Results of Intensity Upgrade Phase I for 200 MeV H⁻ Linac at Brookhaven	634
	D. Raparia, B. Briscoe, C. Cullen, T. Lehn, V. LoDestro, A. McNerney, J. Ritter, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The 200 MeV H⁻ Linac has been operational for the last 45 years providing beam for the physics and isotope programs. Yearly integrated intensity delivered to BLIP has bean increased by six fold in past decade. Recently we have finish intensity, which resulted 40% more intensity for Brookhaven Linac Isotope Program (BLIP) and reduced losses along the linac and transfer line to BLIP by several folds. We will present detail of the upgrade and the future upgrades plane to further increase the intensity by factor of two
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106007
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WE1A01	PIP-II Injector Test: Challenges and Status	641
	P. Derwent, J.-P. Carneiro, J.P. Edelen, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, A. Saini, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) at Fermilab is a program of upgrades to the injection complex. At its core is the design and construction of a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator known as PXIE is under construction. It includes a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2 m-long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, followed by a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) that feeds the first of 2 cryomodules increasing the beam energy to about 25 MeV, and a High Energy Beam Transport section (HEBT) that takes the beam to a dump. The ion source, LEBT, RFQ, and initial version of the MEBT have been built, installed, and commissioned. This report presents the overall status of the PXIE warm front end, including results of the beam commissioning through the installed components, and progress with SRF cryomodules and other systems.
	Slides WE1A01 [9.457 MB]
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TH1A01	Beam Commissioning of the J-Parc 400 MeV Linac
	T. Maruta KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The J-PARC linac has been upgraded for the energy from 181MeV to 400MeV in 2013 and for the beam current from 30mA to 50mA in 2014. This talk will present the operational experience of the J-PARC linac upgrade.
	Slides TH1A01 [11.603 MB]
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TH1A02	Operation of KOMAC 100 MeV Linac	683
	H.S. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) was under development for past 15 years, including preliminary design study period, and was successfully commissioned in 2013. The operation of the linac for user service started in July 2013 with two beam lines: one for a 20-MeV beam and the other for a 100-MeV beam. The linac is composed of a 50-keV microwave proton source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole) and a 100-MeV DTL (drift tube linac). In 2015, the linac operating time was more than 2,800 hours with an availability of better than 89% and unscheduled downtime was about 73 hours, mainly due to the ion source and HVCM problems. More than 2,100 samples from various fields such as material science, bio and nano technology and nuclear science, were treated in 2015. Currently, additional beamline for radioisotope production is being commissioned and a new beamline for low-flux irradiation experiments are under construction along with a continuous effort being made to increase the average beam power.
	Slides TH1A02 [18.355 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A02
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TH2A01	The Linac Laser Notcher for the Fermilab Booster	710
	D.E. Johnson, K.L. Duel, M.H. Gardner, T.R. Johnson, D. Slimmer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. Patil PriTel, Inc., Naperville, USA J. Tafoya Optical Engines, Inc., Colorado Springs, USA
	In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. With increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans.
	Slides TH2A01 [15.170 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A01
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Paper

Title

Page

MOPLR048

Fabrication and Testing of a Novel S-Band Backward Travelling Wave Accelerating Structure for Proton Therapy Linacs

237

SPWR023

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

S. Benedetti, T. Argyropoulos, C. Blanch Gutiérrez, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Degiovanni, D. Esperante Pereira, M. Garlaschè, J. Giner Navarro, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, A. Solodko, M.A. Timmins, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Esperante Pereira
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Compact and more affordable, facilities for proton therapy are now entering the market of commercial medical accelerators. At CERN, a joint collaboration between CLIC and TERA Foundation led to the design, fabrication and testing of a high gradient accelerating structure prototype, capable of halving the length of state-of-art light ion therapy linacs. This paper focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a first prototype. CLIC standardized bead-pull measurement setup was used, leading to a quick and successful tuning of the prototype. The high power tests will soon start in order to prove that the structure can withstand a very high accelerating gradient while suffering no more than 10^-6 breakdown per pulse per meter (bpp/m), resulting in less than one breakdown per treatment session.

Poster MOPLR048 [2.804 MB]

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MOPLR049

Design of a 750 MHz IH Structure for Medical Applications

240

SPWR022

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

S. Benedetti, A. Grudiev, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Low velocity particles are critical in every hadron accelerator chain. While RFQs nicely cover the first MeV/u range, providing both acceleration and bunching, energies higher than few MeV/u require different structures, depending on the specific application. In the framework of the TULIP project [1], a 750 MHz IH structure was designed, in order to cover the 5-10 MeV/u range. The relatively high operating frequency and small bore aperture radius led the choice towards TE mode structures over more classic DTLs. Hereafter, the RF regular cell and end cell optimization is presented. An innovative solution to compensate dipole kicks is discussed, together with the beam dynamics and the matching with the 5 MeV 750 MHz CERN RFQ [2]. This structure was specifically designed for medical applications with a duty cycle of about 1 ', but can easily adapted to duty cycles up to 5 %, typical of PET isotopes production in hospitals.

Poster MOPLR049 [3.212 MB]

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MOPLR050

Study and Development of CW Room Temperature Rebuncher for SARAF Accelerator

244

SPWR040

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

B. Kaizer, Z. Horvitz, A. Perry, J. Rodnizki
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
M. Di Giacomo, J.F. Leyge, M. Michel, P. Toussaint
GANIL, Caen, France
A. Friedman
Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

The SARAF 176 MHz accelerator is designed to provide CW proton/deuteron beams up to 5 mA current and 40 MeV accelerated ion energy. Phase I of SARAF (up to 4-5 MeV) has been installed, commissioned, and is available for experimental work. Phase II of SARAF is currently in the planning stage and will contain larger MEBT with three rebunchers and four cryomodules, each consisting of SC HWRs and solenoids. Phase II MEBT line is designed to follow a 1.3 MeV/u RFQ, is 4.5 m long, and contains three 176 MHz rebunchers providing a field integral of 10⁵ kV. Different rebuncher configurations have been studied in order to minimize the RF losses and maximize the shunt impedance. Different apertures have also been tested with a required of 40 mm diameter by beam dynamics. The simulations were done using CST Microwave Studio. CEA leads the design for SARAF phase II linac including the MEBT rebunchers and has studied a mixed solid copper and Cu plated stainless steel, 3-gap cavity. SNRC is developing a 4-gap OFHC copper rebuncher as a risk reduction. Both designs are presented and discussed in the paper.

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MOPLR051

Simulation of Gas and Plasma Charge Strippers

248

SPWR038

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O.S.H. Haas, O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF as part of project 05P15RDRBA.
Charge stripping of intense heavy ion beams is a major challenge in current and future linear heavy ion accelerators. Conventional stripping techniques are limited in their applicability, e.g. solid carbon foils suffer from short lifetimes at high intensities. One possible alternative is the use of a plasma as a stripping medium, which the presented work focuses on. The main goal of the studies is the prediction of the final charge state distribution of the ion beam. Rate equations were implemented numerically, taking into account different models for ionization, recombination and energy loss processes. First quantitative results are presented in form of an overview of the charge state distributions of different charge stripping media. For fixed projectile properties and target phase, it is observed that the mean charge state q₀ decreases for increasing nuclear charge Z_\text{T} of the target. Plasmas show significantly increased q₀ for the same Z_T. The width d of the charge state distributions is larger for higher Z_\text{T}. The latter is caused by multiple loss of the projectile and decreases the maximum stripping efficiency by typically less than a factor of 2.

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MOPLR052

LEBT Commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC

251

T. Shibata, K. Ikegami, T. Maruta, K. Ohkoshi
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
H. Asano, Y. Kondo, A. Miura, H. Oguri
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Liu
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
F. Naito, A. Takagi
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

After upgrade of J-PARC Linac in 2014, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) beam commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC has been made for improving H-beam intensity extracted from Linac. Currents of two solenoid coils and steering magnets in LEBT are optimized with extraction and acceleration voltages for static acceleration in ion source (IS) which decides on an initial emittance diagram of H⁻ beam. As a result of LEBT and IS parameter optimization, beam transmission rate of RFQ has been reached up to 96 % in 50 mA H⁻ current operation. Moreover, PIC-MC (Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo) simulation model is developed for H⁻ transport in LEBT. Comparison between experimental and numerical results are presented to clarify beam physics from IS exit to RFQ entrance.

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MOPLR053

Operating Status of Injector II RFQ for C-ADS Project

254

L.P. Sun, Y. He, C.X. Li, L. Lu, A. Shi, L.B. Shi, W.B. Wang, X.B. Xu, Z.L. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole system has been designed and constructed for C-ADS (Chinese Accelerator Driven System) Injector II in Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has been running for more than one year until now. It is a quadrilateral four-vane resonator with two equal couplers operating in CW mode. In the paper, RF system upgrade will be presented in detail，especially the two-port configuration was introduced and the conditioning based on two new sets of solid-state amplifier instead of the original tetrodes power source due to system hardware upgrade are described in the paper.
RFQ, solid-state amplifier, two-port configuration, coupler

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MOPLR054

Progress and Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac

257

K. Hasegawa
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The J-PARC linac started beam commissioning in 2006 and has delivered beam to users since 2008. The linac had been operated with a beam energy of 181 MeV and a peak beam current of 15-20 mA, which corresponds to the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) beam power of 300 kW. An energy of 400 MeV and higher peak beam current of 50 mA linac was required to reach the goal of the J-PARC project. For the beam energy upgrade, we installed a new accelerating structure, Annular-ring Coupled Structure linac (ACS) in 2013. The ion source and the Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac were replaced to increase the peak beam current in 2014. Since then, the linac provides beams to demonstrate a 1 MW equivalent beam at the RCS and also for routine operation for user programs. The progress and operation experiences of the J-PARC linac are presented.

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MOPLR057

Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source

261

L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M.J. Ferreira, O. Midttun
ESS, Lund, Sweden
O. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started some weeks ago. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Commissioning plan and preliminary characterization are also presented, with the aim to satisfy the requirement above.

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MOPLR059

Commissioning Plans for the ESS DTL

264

M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (a beam pulse of 2.86 ms, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This article describes the commissioning strategy plans for the DTL part of the linac, techniques for finding the RF set-point of the 5 tanks and steering approach. Typical beam parameters, as proposed for commissioning purposes, are discussed as well and how the commissioning sequence of the tanks fits together with ongoing installation works in the tunnel.

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MOPLR060

CIADS Normal Temperature Front-End Design

267

SPWR036

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W.L. Chen, W.P. Dou, Y. He, H. Jia, S.H. Liu, Y.S. Qin, Z.J. Wang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The design and construction with several tens of megawatts superconducting accelerator is the developing direction in the further. The superconducting section follows the RFQ and MEBT, which needs good enough beam quality. The normal temperature front ends are redesigned for China Initiative ADS. The LEBT transports a 35KeV, 10mA DC proton beam to the RFQ, after the RFQ acceleration the MEBT transports a 2.1MeV 10mA CW proton beam to the superconducting DTL. The "Point Source" is proposed in the beam scrape application during the LEBT section to get the ideal transverse beam parameters. To get the ideal longitudinal beam parameters, the new RFQ is designed with little emittance. Collimators are installed in the new MEBT to scrape the outer sphere beams which may turn to halo. Details of the beam dynamics simulations will be given.

Poster MOPLR060 [1.109 MB]

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MOPLR061

Commissioning of the RI Production Beam Line of KOMAC

271

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A radioisotope (RI) production beam line has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) in 2015 and the commissioning started in 2016. The beam parameters of the beam line are 100-MeV beam energy with a maximum 30 kW beam power, which is driven by KOMAC 100-MeV proton linac. The main components of the beam line are a beam transport system, a target transport system, a cooling system for target and hot cell. KOMAC has a plan to commission the beam line and get an operational license in 2016 and start user service in 2017. In this paper, the development and initial commissioning results of the RI production beam line are presented.

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MOPLR062

European Spallation Source (ESS) Normal Conducting Front End Status Report

274

W. Wittmer, P.O. Gustavsson, F. Hellström, G. Hulla
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, G. Harper, S. Varnasseri, C. de la Cruz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A.C. Chauveau, D. Chirpaz-Cerbat
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Mereu
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
O. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
O. Piquet, B. Pottin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver first protons on target by mid 2019. Civil construction of the accelerator tunnel has made good progress and will allow starting installation of the normal conducting frond end (NCFE) by end of 2017. To achieve these milestones the design of all major beam line components have been completed and the construction of the subsystems begun. We report on the advancement of the subsystems and the commissioning progress of the microwave discharge Proton Source (PS-ESS).

Poster MOPLR062 [1.396 MB]

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MOPLR063

Development of H⁰ Beam Diagnostic Line in MEBT2 of J-PARC Linac

277

J. Tamura, A. Miura, T. Morishita
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
H. Ao
FRIB, East Lansing, USA
T. Maruta
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac, H⁰ particles arising from collisions of accelerated H⁻ beams with residual gas are considered as one of the key factors of the residual radiation in the high energy accelerating section. To analyze the H⁰ and the accelerated H⁻ particles, the bump magnet system was designed and produced. The H⁰ beam diagnostic line consists of four horizontal bending magnets, non-destructive beam position monitor and wire scan beam profile monitor. In the 2015 summer maintenance period of the J-PARC, the new diagnostic line was constructed in the beam transport (MEBT2), which is the matching section from separated-type drift tube linac (SDTL) to annular-ring coupled structure linac (ACS). In the beam commissioning, we experimentally confirmed that the accelerated 190 MeV H⁻ beams are horizontally shifted as expected with the magnetostatic field simulation and the particle tracking simulation.

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MOPLR065

High-Gradient X-band Structures for Proton Energy Booster at LANSCE

280

S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
V.A. Dolgashev
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. Using superconducting RF cavities with gradients ~15 MV/m after the existing linac would result in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a much shorter cost-effective booster based on normal conducting high-gradient (~100 MV/m) RF accelerating structures. Such X-band high-gradient structures have been developed for electron acceleration and operate with typical RF pulse lengths below 1 us. They have never been used for protons because typical wavelengths and apertures are smaller than the proton bunch sizes. However, these limitations do not restrict proton radiography (pRad) applications. A train of very short proton bunches with the same total length and charge as the original long proton bunch will create the same single radiography frame, plus pRad limits contiguous trains of beam micro-pulses to below 60 ns to prevent blur in images. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we explore feasibility of two-stage design: a short S-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam followed by the main high-gradient X-band linac.

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MOPLR066

ProBE: Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy

283

S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A.F. Green, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
A. Grudiev, A. Solodko, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work was funded by STFC and IPS
Proton beam therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative to traditional radiotherapy, especially for paedi- atric malignancies and radio-resistant tumours. Allowing a highly precise tumour irradiation, it is currently limited by range verification. Several imaging modalities can be utilised for treatment planning, but typically X-ray CT is used. CT scans require conversion from Hounsfield units to estimate the proton stopping power (PSP) of the tissue be- ing treated, and this produces inaccuracy. Proton CT (pCT) measures PSP and is thought to allow an improvement of the treatment accuracy. The Christie Hospital will use a 250 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, in this paper a pulsed linac upgrade is proposed, to provide 350 MeV protons for pCT within the facility. Space contraints require a compact, high gradient (HG) solution that is reliable and affordable.

Poster MOPLR066 [0.610 MB]

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MOPLR067

First High Power Tests at the 325 MHz RF Test Stand at GSI

287

G. Schreiber, E. Plechov, J. Salvatore, B. Schlitt, A. Schnase, M. Vossberg
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A dedicated RF test stand for testing RF components and accelerating structures at 325 MHz has been put into operation at GSI. It allows testing the klystrons and circulators as well as the RFQ and the CH-acceleration cavities for the planned FAIR proton linac (p-Linac) and further cavity projects. The system integration has been completed and first high power tests with the CH prototype cavity were successfully performed. The operation parameters are 2 Hz repetition rate and 200 microseconds pulse length. Investigations on the critical path from wave guide to coaxial high power cavity coupler have been made. Performance measurements of the klystron, circulator and directional couplers with up to 2.8 MW on dummy load and the following conditioning process of the CH-prototype cavity with its coupled RF structures will be presented. Additionally the results of the conditioning of a ladder RFQ prototype are shown.

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MOPLR069

Implication of Manufacturing Errors on the Layout of Stabilization System and on the Field Quality in a Drift Tube Linac - RF DTL Error Study

290

R. De Prisco, A.R. Karlsson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The field flatness and the layout of the stabilization system in a drift tube linac are strongly dependent on the manufacturing errors that affect the local resonant frequency. In this paper a methodology is presented to study, firstly, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency and of the field flatness to each geometrical parameter of the drift tubes; then a set of tolerances for each parameter is found and a stabilization system layout is defined in order to keep the field flatness within an acceptable limit.

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MOPLR070

Integration of Interfaces and Stabilization System in the Design of a Drift Tube Linac

294

R. De Prisco, A.R. Karlsson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Making an accurate RF design of any accelerating structure is fundamental to ensure that electromagnetic and beam dynamics requirements will be achieved. This is essential for the most complicated accelerating structures like the drift tube linac: in this case a meticulous design facilitates the RF commissioning too. In this paper the influence of the interfaces and of the field stabilization system on the RF design is analyzed and an advanced design methodology to mitigate field degradation is presented.

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MOPLR071

A 3-MeV Linac for Development of Accelerator Components at J-PARC

298

Y. Kondo, H. Asano, E. Chishiro, K. Hirano, T. Itou, Y. Kawane, N. Kikuzawa, S.I. Meigo, A. Miura, S. Mizobata, T. Morishita, H. Oguri, K. Ohkoshi, A. Ohzone, Y. Sato, S. Shinozaki, K. Shinto, H. Takei, K. Tsutsumi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, T. Miyao, K. Nanmo, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hori
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
T. Ishiyama, T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
M. Mayama, Y. Sawabe
Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan

We are constructing a linac for development of accelerator components at J-PARC. This linac consists of a H⁻ ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), an radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, and a diagnostics bean line. The beam energy is 3 MeV, the beam current is 30 mA, and the duty factor is 0.6%, which corresponds to 0.5 kW. The accelerator itself has a capacity of at least 1 kW. However, the beam power is limited by radiation dose, because there are no radiation shields between the accessible area during the operation. The source and LEBT are same as the J-PARC linac's. The RFQ is a used one in the J-PARC linac, called RFQ I. At first, we are planning to conduct experiments of the laser charge exchange development for the transmutation facility. Then, this linac will be used for the development accelerator components such as beam scrapers, bunch shape monitors, laser profile monitors, and so on. We will be able to install new devices into the actual J-PARC linac after the full testing. The development of H⁻ ion source can be carried out at this system, and also RFQ in the future. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac at J-PARC is presented.

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MOPLR072

The Effect of DTL Cavity Field Errors on Beam Spill at LANSCE

301

L. Rybarcyk, R.C. McCrady
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator comprises two (H⁺ and H⁻) 750-keV Cockcroft-Walton style injectors, a 201.25-MHz, 100-MeV drift-tube linac (DTL) and an 805-MHz, 800-MeV coupled-cavity linac (CCL). As part of the LANSCE Risk Mitigation project a new digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control system is being deployed across the linac, starting with the DTL. Related to this upgrade, a study was performed where specific cavity field errors were simultaneously introduced in all DTL tanks about the nominal stable, low-spill, production set points to mimic LLRF control errors. The impact of these errors on the resultant beam spill was quantified for the nominal 100 μA, 800-MeV Lujan beam. We present the details of the measurement approach and results that show a rapid increase in total linac beam spill as DTL cavity field phase and amplitude errors are increased.

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TU1A03

Experience with the Construction and Commissioning of Linac4

342

J.-B. Lallement
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program, CERN is presently commissioning Linac4, a 160MeV H⁻ ion linac, which will replace the present 50 MeV proton linac (Linac2) as injector to the PS Booster during the next LHC long shut-down. The installation of the machine has proceeded in parallel with a staged beam commissioning at the energies of 3, 12, 50, 100 MeV and finally 160 MeV, foreseen for fall 2016. A seven month long reliability run will take place during 2017 to access potential weak points and find mitigations. The lessons learnt during its construction, the main outcomes of the beam commissioning and the remaining steps toward its connection to the PS Booster are presented in this paper.

Slides TU1A03 [5.747 MB]

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TU1A04

Commissioning of the Lanzhou ADS Front-end

Y. He
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Report on the construction and beam commissioning of the front-end up to the first or second cryomodule at IMP Lanzhou.

Slides TU1A04 [8.316 MB]

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TU1A05

High Power Operation of SNS SC Linac

348

M.A. Plum
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work performed at (or work supported by) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS superconducting linac (SCL) provides 972 MeV, 1.5 MW H− beam for the storage ring and neutron spallation target. It has now been in operation for 11 years, and we have gained some experience in long-term operational issues. Three inter-related issues are gradient changes, errant beams, and trip rates. In this presentation we will provide an update on our progress to mitigate these issues, and also report on the overall status of the SCL.

Slides TU1A05 [5.831 MB]

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TUOP05

First Experiments at the CW-Operated RFQ for Intense Proton Beams

394

SPWR014

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

TUPLR075

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P.P. Schneider, D. Born, M. Droba, C. Lorey, O. Meusel, D. Noll, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, B. Thomas, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This contribution describes the first experiments with the cw-operated RFQ*, which is designed to accelerate protons from 120keV to 700keV for the FRANZ-Project**. The commissioning is done using the RF and ion beam scrubbing technique. In the first phase, the acceptance of the RFQ is scanned and the performance of the RFQ without space-charge effects is evaluated with a 2mA proton beam. The second phase will increase the beam current up to 50mA and a third phase with a machine upgrade for a beam current of up to 200mA is planned. The configuration of a high-current RFQ***, transporting beam current increasing from 2mA with no space-charge forces to a beam with high space-charge effects gives an unique insight in the beam optics of the space-charge effects. The measurements are done with a slit-grid emittance scanner for the transversal phase-space, a faraday cup for the transmitted current and a momentum spectrometer to measure the energy spread. The results set the basis for later experiments on variations of the beam current and the future coupling of the RFQ with an IH-structure****.
* Bechtold, A., et al., MOP001, LINAC08
** Meusel, O., et al., MO3A03, LINAC12
*** Vossberg, M., et al., WEPFI009, IPAC13
**** Heilmann, M., et al., THPWO017, IPAC13

Slides TUOP05 [2.435 MB]

Poster TUOP05 [4.550 MB]

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TUP106007

Results of Intensity Upgrade Phase I for 200 MeV H⁻ Linac at Brookhaven

634

D. Raparia, B. Briscoe, C. Cullen, T. Lehn, V. LoDestro, A. McNerney, J. Ritter, A. Zelenski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The 200 MeV H⁻ Linac has been operational for the last 45 years providing beam for the physics and isotope programs. Yearly integrated intensity delivered to BLIP has bean increased by six fold in past decade. Recently we have finish intensity, which resulted 40% more intensity for Brookhaven Linac Isotope Program (BLIP) and reduced losses along the linac and transfer line to BLIP by several folds. We will present detail of the upgrade and the future upgrades plane to further increase the intensity by factor of two

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WE1A01

PIP-II Injector Test: Challenges and Status

641

P. Derwent, J.-P. Carneiro, J.P. Edelen, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, A. Saini, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) at Fermilab is a program of upgrades to the injection complex. At its core is the design and construction of a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator known as PXIE is under construction. It includes a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2 m-long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, followed by a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) that feeds the first of 2 cryomodules increasing the beam energy to about 25 MeV, and a High Energy Beam Transport section (HEBT) that takes the beam to a dump. The ion source, LEBT, RFQ, and initial version of the MEBT have been built, installed, and commissioned. This report presents the overall status of the PXIE warm front end, including results of the beam commissioning through the installed components, and progress with SRF cryomodules and other systems.

Slides WE1A01 [9.457 MB]

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TH1A01

Beam Commissioning of the J-Parc 400 MeV Linac

T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The J-PARC linac has been upgraded for the energy from 181MeV to 400MeV in 2013 and for the beam current from 30mA to 50mA in 2014. This talk will present the operational experience of the J-PARC linac upgrade.

Slides TH1A01 [11.603 MB]

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TH1A02

Operation of KOMAC 100 MeV Linac

683

H.S. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) was under development for past 15 years, including preliminary design study period, and was successfully commissioned in 2013. The operation of the linac for user service started in July 2013 with two beam lines: one for a 20-MeV beam and the other for a 100-MeV beam. The linac is composed of a 50-keV microwave proton source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole) and a 100-MeV DTL (drift tube linac). In 2015, the linac operating time was more than 2,800 hours with an availability of better than 89% and unscheduled downtime was about 73 hours, mainly due to the ion source and HVCM problems. More than 2,100 samples from various fields such as material science, bio and nano technology and nuclear science, were treated in 2015. Currently, additional beamline for radioisotope production is being commissioned and a new beamline for low-flux irradiation experiments are under construction along with a continuous effort being made to increase the average beam power.

Slides TH1A02 [18.355 MB]

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TH2A01

The Linac Laser Notcher for the Fermilab Booster

710

D.E. Johnson, K.L. Duel, M.H. Gardner, T.R. Johnson, D. Slimmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. Patil
PriTel, Inc., Naperville, USA
J. Tafoya
Optical Engines, Inc., Colorado Springs, USA

In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. With increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans.

Slides TH2A01 [15.170 MB]

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