IPAC2019 - List of Keywords (hadron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZZPLS1	eRHIC Design Overview	electron, proton, storage-ring, luminosity	45
	C. Montag, G. Bassi, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, J.M. Brennan, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, W. Guo, A. Hershcovitch, C. Hetzel, D. Holmes, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S. Seletskiy, V.V. Smaluk, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés, W.-T. Weng, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is being envisioned as the next facility to be constructed by the DOE Nuclear Physics program. Brookhaven National Laboratory is proposing eRHIC, a facility based on the existing RHIC complex as a cost effective realization of the EIC project with a peak luminosity of 10³⁴ cm^-2 sec^-1. An electron storage ring with an energy range from 5 to 18 GeV will be added in the existing RHIC tunnel. A spin-transparent rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) will serve as a full-energy polarized electron injector. Recent design improvements include reduction of the IR magnet strengths to avoid the necessity for Nb₃Sn magnets, and a novel hadron injection scheme to maximize the integrated luminosity. We will provide an overview of this proposed project and present the current design status.
	Slides MOZZPLS1 [5.428 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOZZPLS1
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPGW082	Mitigation of Stray Magnetic Field Effects in CLIC with Passive Shielding	shielding, feedback, collider, simulation	293
	C. Gohil, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, D. Schulte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland P. Burrows JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	Simulations have shown the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is sensitive to external dynamic magnetic fields (stray fields) to the nT level. Due to these extremely tight tolerances, mitigation techniques will be required to prevent performance loss. A passive shielding technique is envisaged as a potential solution. A model for passive shielding is presented along with calculations of its transfer function. Measurements of the transfer function of a promising material (mu-metal) that can be used for passive shielding are presented. The validity of passive shielding models in small amplitude magnetic fields is also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW082
About •	paper received ※ 01 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPGW084	Beam Loading Compensation for the Future Circular Hadron-Hadron Collider (FCC-hh)	cavity, beam-loading, collider, impedance	301
	I. Karpov, P. Baudrenghien CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The power consumption of the rf system can be minimised by optimising the cavity detuning and the loaded quality factor. In high-current accelerators, the presence of gaps in the filling results in a modulation of the cavity voltage along the ring (transient beam loading) and as a consequence a spread in the bunch parameters. In addition longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities can appear, caused by the cavity impedance at the fundamental. Both issues can be mitigated by using an rf feedback around the amplifier and cavity, a technique used in many high intensity machines including the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Compared to the LHC machine, the energy increase and the radiation loss for the Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider (FCC-hh) will be larger, resulting in a synchronous phase deviating significantly from 180 degrees. The solutions adopted for the LHC must therefore be revisited. This paper evaluates several beam loading compensation schemes for this machine.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW084
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPMP024	Prospects for Future Asymmetric Collisions in the LHC	proton, luminosity, experiment, operation	484
	M.A. Jebramcik, J.M. Jowett CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The proton-lead runs of the LHC in 2012, 2013 and 2016 provided luminosity far beyond expectations in a diversity of operating conditions and led to important new results in high-density QCD. This has permitted the scope of the future physics programme to be expanded in a recent review. Besides further high-luminosity p-Pb collisions, lighter nuclei are also under consideration. A short proton-oxygen run, on the model of the 2012 p-Pb run, would be of interest for cosmic-ray physics. Other collision systems like proton-argon or collisions of protons with other noble gases are also discussed. We provide an overview of the operational strategies and potential performance of various asymmetric collision options. Potential performance limits from moving beam-beam encounters at injection and various beam-loss mechanisms are evaluated in the light of our understanding of the LHC to date.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP024
About •	paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPMP026	HE-LHC Optics Design Options	dipole, lattice, quadrupole, optics	492
	J. Keintzel, M.P. Crouch, M. Hofer, T. Risselada, R. Tomás, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Hofer, J. Keintzel TU Vienna, Wien, Austria L. van Riesen-Haupt University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom L. van Riesen-Haupt JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The High Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), a possible successor of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) aims at reaching a centre-of-mass energy of about 27 TeV using basically the same 16 T dipoles as for the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider FCC-hh. Designing the HE-LHC results in a trade off between energy reach, beam stay clear as well as geometry offset with respect to the LHC. In order to best meet the requirements, various arc cell and dispersion suppressor options have been generated and analysed, before concluding on two baseline options, which are presented in this paper. Merits of each design are highlighted and possible solutions for beam stay clear minima are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP026
About •	paper received ※ 02 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPMP048	LHC Doubler: CIC Dipole Technology May Make It Feasible and Affordable	dipole, multipole, collider, injection	552
	P.M. McIntyre Texas A&M University, College Station, USA J. Breitschopf, J.N. Kellams, A. Sattarov ATC, College Station, Texas, USA D.C.V. Chavez Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, León, Mexico
	There is new physics-driven interest in the concept of an LHC doubler with collision energy of 30 TeV and high luminosity. The cost-driver challenge for its feasibility is the ring of 16 T dual dipoles. Recent developments in cable-in-conduit (CIC) technology offer significant benefit for this purpose. The CIC windings provide robust stress management at the cable level and facilitate forming of the flared ends without degradation. The CIC windings provide a basis for hybrid windings, in which the innermost layers that operate in high field utilize Bi-2212, the center layers utilize Nb₃Sn, and the outer layers utilize NbTi. Cryogen flows through the interior of all cables, so that heat transfer can be optimized throughout the windings. The design of the 18 T dipole and the 23 kA CIC conductor will be presented. Particular challenges for integration in an LHC doubler will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP048
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPMP050	Performance of CeC PoP Accelerator	electron, FEL, gun, SRF	559
	I. Pinayev, Z. Altinbas, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, A. Di Lieto, T. Hayes, R.L. Hulsart, P. Inacker, Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, K. Mernick, K. Mihara, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, G. Narayan, F. Severino, K. Shih, Z. Sorrell, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA I. Petrushina SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Coherent electron cooling experiment is aimed for demonstration of the proof-of-principle demonstration of reduction energy spread of a single hadron bunch circulating in RHIC. The electron beam should have the required parameters and its orbit and energy should be matched to the hadron beam. In this paper we present the achieved electron beam parameters including emittance, energy spread, and other critical indicators. The operational issues as well as future plans are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP050
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPMP053	Numerical Optimization of DC Wire Compensation in HL-LHC	operation, collider, luminosity, simulation	570
	K. Skoufaris, S.D. Fartoukh, N. Karastathis, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Pellegrini, A. Poyet, A. Rossi, G. Sterbini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The electromagnetic field generated from a set of DC wires parallel to the beam opens the path to the compensation of the beam-beam long-range (BBLR) interactions for the future operation of large hadron colliders, in particular for the upcoming High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The effectiveness and simplicity of a current carrying wire are critical for overcoming some technical constraints of the machine. In order to better understand the potential of this device for the HL-LHC, various simulation studies are presented. The different observables are the dynamic aperture and the frequency analysis.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP053
About •	paper received ※ 03 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB048	Collimation System Studies for the FCC-hh	collimation, proton, collider, simulation	669
	R. Bruce, A. Abramov, A. Bertarelli, M.I. Besana, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, M. Fiascaris, G. Gobbi, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, J. Molson, M. Pasquali, S. Redaelli, D. Schulte, E. Skordis, M. Varasteh Anvar CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Abramov JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France M. Serluca IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
	The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) is being designed as a 100 km ring that should collide 50 TeV proton beams. At 8.3 GJ, its stored beam energy will be a factor 28 higher than what has been achieved in the Large Hadron Collider, which has the highest stored beam energy among the colliders built so far. This puts unprecedented demands on the control of beam losses and collimation, since even a tiny beam loss risks quenching superconducting magnets. We present in this article the design of the FCC-hh collimation system and study the beam cleaning through simulations of tracking, energy deposition, and thermo-mechanical response. We investigate the collimation performance for design beam loss scenarios and potential bottlenecks are highlighted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB048
About •	paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB050	Performance of the Collimation System During the 2018 Lead Ion Run at the Large Hadron Collider	collimation, simulation, heavy-ion, proton	677
	N. Fuster-Martínez, R. Bruce, J.M. Jowett, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy-ion research programme, the last month of the 2018 LHC run was dedicated to Pb ion physics. Several heavy-ion runs have been performed since the start-up of the LHC. These runs are challenging for collimation, despite lower intensities, because of the degraded cleaning observed compared to protons. This is due to the differences of the interaction mechanisms in the collimators. Ions experience fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that result in a substantial flux of off-rigidity particles that escape the collimation system. In this paper, the collimation system performance and the experience gained during the 2018 Pb ion run are presented. The measured performance is compared with the expectation from the Sixtrack-FLUKA coupling simulations and the agreement discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB050
About •	paper received ※ 07 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB051	Collimation System Upgrades for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Expected Cleaning Performance in Run 3	collimation, proton, collider, dipole	681
	A. Mereghetti, R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project (HL-LHC), the LHC collimation system needs important upgrades to cope with the foreseen brighter beams. New collimation hardware will be installed in two phases, the first one during the LHC second Long Shutdown (LS2), in 2019-20, followed by a second phase starting in 2024 (LS3). This paper reviews the collimation upgrade plans for LS2, focused on a first impedance reduction of the system, through the installation of collimators based on new materials, and the improvement of collimation cleaning, achieved by adding new collimators in the cold dispersion suppressor regions. The performance of the new system in terms of cleaning inefficiency for proton and lead ion beams is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB051
About •	paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB058	Collimation of Partially Stripped Ion Beams in the LHC	collimation, simulation, operation, collider	700
	A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, A.A. Gorzawski, M.W. Krasny, J. Molson, S. Redaelli, M. Schaumann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders studies, the Gamma Factory initiative proposes the use of partially stripped ions as a driver of a new type, high intensity photon source in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2018, the LHC accelerated and stored partially stripped 208-Pb-81+ ions for the first time. The collimation system efficiency recorded during this test was found to be prohibitively low. The worst losses were localised in the dispersion suppressor (DS) of the betatron-cleaning insertion. Analytic arguments and simulations show that the large losses are driven by the stripping of the remaining electron from the Pb nucleus by the primary collimators. The rising dispersion in the DS pushes the resulting off-rigidity, fully-stripped ions into the aperture of the superconducting magnets. In this study the measured loss maps are compared against results from simulations. Different mitigation strategies are outlined, including a dispersion suppressor (DS) collimator, crystal collimation or an orbit bump.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB058
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB059	Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams in the HE-LHC	collimation, collider, proton, simulation	704
	A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bruce, M.P. Crouch, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A design study for a future collider to be built in the LHC tunnel, the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), has been launched as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN. It would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV as well as collisions of heavy ions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity. HE-LHC is being designed under the stringent constraint of using the existing tunnel and therefore the resulting lattice and optics differ in layout and phase advance from the LHC. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of the collimation system for ion beams in HE-LHC in addition to proton beams. In the case of ion beams, the fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that relativistic heavy ions can undergo in collimators, as well as the unprecedented energy per nucleon of the HE-LHC, requires dedicated simulations. Results from a study of collimation efficiency for the nominal lead ion (Pb-82-208) beams performed with the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling framework are presented. These include loss maps with comparison against an estimated quench limit as well as detailed considerations of loss spikes in the superconducting aperture for critical sections of the machine such as the dispersion suppressors.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB059
About •	paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB072	eRHIC in Electron-Ion Operation	operation, electron, collider, heavy-ion	738
	W. Fischer, E.C. Aschenauer, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, H. Huang, T. Kanesue, C. Liu, M. Mapes, G.T. McIntyre, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, S.K. Nayak, M. Okamura, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, J. Sandberg, K.S. Smith, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The design effort for the electron-ion collider eRHIC has concentrated on electron-proton collisions at the highest luminosities over the widest possible energy range. The present design also provides for electron-nucleon peak luminosities of up to 4.7·10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹ with strong hadron cooling, and up to 1.7·10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹ with stochastic cooling. Here we discuss the performance limitations and design choices for electron-ion collisions that are different from the electron-proton collisions. These include the ion bunch preparation in the injector chain, acceleration and intrabeam scattering in the hadron ring, path length adjustment and synchronization with the electron ring, stochastic cooling upgrades, machine protection upgrades, and operation with polarized electron beams colliding with either unpolarized ion beams or polarized He-3.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB072
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB100	An Improved eRHIC Interaction Region Design Without High Field Nb₃Sn Magnets	electron, quadrupole, dipole, proton	799
	B. Parker, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The IR magnets for the eRHIC Collider proposed at BNL must provide strong fields for the high momentum hadron beam and yet protect the nearby electron beam focusing channel from these fields. In our initial design the electron and hadron magnets were staggered so their respective cold masses did not overlap; however, this restricts the longitudinal space for the first hadron quadrupole and led to the challenge of making a high-field Nb₃Sn main coil structure fit inside limited radial space within an external field active shield coil. In our new layout the crossing angle increased from 22 to 25 mrad and the electron and hadron cold masses are now side-by-side. This layout allows longer magnetic lengths for reducing the coil peak fields; NbTi conductor can now be used everywhere. Of course we must take care to control magnetic cross talk between neighboring apertures. One trick we will use to accomplish this is to maximize the yoke material thickness between the beams by tapering (i.e. change coil radius as a function of longitudinal position) some of the electron coils. The new eRHIC IR layout and magnet design is reported in this paper along with ongoing R&D to wind tapered coils.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB100
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB106	3D Theory of Microbunched Electron Cooling for Electron-Ion Colliders	electron, kicker, simulation, betatron	814
	G. Stupakov, P. Baxevanis SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The Microbunched Electron Cooling (MBEC) * is a promising cooling technique that can find applications in future hadron and electron-ion colliders. A 1D model of MBEC has been recently developed in Ref. *. This model predicts the cooling time below two hours for eRHIC 255 GeV proton beams, when two amplification sections are used in the cooling system. In this work, we go beyond the 1D model of Ref. and develop a realistic 3D theory of MBEC. Our approach is based on the analysis of the dynamics of microscopic 3D fluctuations in the electron and hadron beams during their interaction and propagation through the system. We derive an analytical expression for the cooling rate and optimize it for the parameters of eRHIC. Our analytical results are in reasonable agreement with simulations. * D. Ratner. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 084802 (2013). ** G. Stupakov. PRAB 21, 114402 (2018)
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB106
About •	paper received ※ 29 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB109	Cavity Design for the Updated eRHIC Crabbing System	cavity, proton, operation, electron	818
	S. Verdú-Andrés, Q. Wu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC under contract no. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The electron-ion collider eRHIC proposed by Brookhaven National Laboratory includes a crabbing system to reestablish head-on collisions for a maximum geometric overlap of the colliding bunches. Since the last cavity design, the crossing angle has increased from 22 to 25 mrad to relax the field strength requirement in one of the IR magnets - increasing the deflecting kick required to collider the bunches head on - and one of the considered options is to have both proton and electron crab cavities work at 200 MHz. The present paper discusses the RF design of the 200 MHz crab cavities for the electron and hadron beams of eRHIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB109
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP052	Proposed Hadron Injection into the Future eRHIC Collider	injection, dipole, septum, kicker	2451
	N. Tsoupas, F. Méot, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic, F.J. Willeke, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work Supported by the US Department of Energy. The future eRHIC collider will collide 5, 10, and 18 GeV polarized electrons with 250 GeV polarized protons, 210 GeV/u polarized 3He ions and other heavy ion species which are already produced by the RHIC accelerator. To increase the luminosity during collisions the number of circulating hadron bunches will increase to 330 and this requires a modification of the injection hadrons into the RHIC accelerator. This paper describes this injection scheme which is compatible with a design option which uses two hadron rings, one ring for accelerating the hadron beam and the other ring for storing the circulating beam to increase even further the integrated luminosity of the electron-hadron collisions. This two-hadron-rings option will be presented in the conference. tsoupas@bnl.gov * ICFA BD Newsletter No. 74 http://icfa-bd.kek.jp/
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP052
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPGW009	DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRON BEAM PROBE FOR HADRON SYNCHROTRONS.	electron, simulation, proton, experiment	2480
	M. Droba, C. Hübinger, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, K.I. Thoma IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany O.R. Jones, M. Wendt, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: BMBF 05P18RFRB2 Non-invasive diagnostics is essential to get important information about intense hadron beams, e.g. the transverse beam profile, which is indispensable in order to attain high brilliance and luminosity for upgrades on present machines and for future projects. Furthermore, it can be used to optimise parameter settings in environment of the running machine. An electron beam probe (EBP) is a beam diagnostics instrument which scans a low energy, low current electron beam through a hadron beam and obtains information from the detected response. The electrons are shot perpendicular through the hadron beam to be examined, which causes deflection in the beam potential of the intense hadron bunch, that needs to be detected and further analysed. We propose to build the EBP scanning apparatus for synchrotrons under ultra-high vacuum condition. The results of multi particle simulations evaluating limitations the expected measurement potential and limitations are presented. This work will be performed in collaboration with CERN.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW009
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPTS045	High-Performance Scheduling of Multi-Beam Multi-Bunch Simulations	simulation, wakefield, collider, site	3208
	S.V. Furuseth, X. Buffat CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S.V. Furuseth EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Coherent multi-bunch interactions through beam-beam forces or wake fields can cause severe impacts on the beams in circular colliders, if not well understood and countered for. COMBI is a parallel multiparticle tracking code developed to study such interactions. Its implementation greatly limits its efficiency when considering realistic configurations featuring effects with different computational requirements, such as the multi-bunch interaction through wake fields, beam-beam interactions, transverse feedback and lattice non-linearities. A new parallel scheduling method, pipelining the effects for each bunch, has greatly sped up the code. The new version of the code, COMBIp, is presented here.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS045
About •	paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPMP034	Simulating Matter Interactions of Partially Stripped Ions in BDSIM	electron, target, simulation, dipole	3514
	A. Abramov, S.T. Boogert, L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Acceleration and storage of beams of relativistic partially stripped ions is more challenging than in the case of fully stripped ions because the interactions with matter, such as those with residual gas and collimators can strip electrons via ionisation. BDSIM is a code for the simulation of energy deposition and charged particle backgrounds in accelerators that uses the Geant4 physics library. Geant4 includes a broad range of ion elastic and inelastic interactions and allows the definition of partially stripped ion beams. However, no models are currently available to handle in-flight interactions involving the bound electrons. In this paper we present a semi-empirical model of beam ion stripping by material atoms that is implemented in BDSIM as an extension of Geant4’s existing physics processes and is fully integrated into a comprehensive set of matter interactions for partially stripped ions. The stripping cross-section for select cases and results from comprehensive simulations are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP034
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPGW063	The "Physics Beyond Colliders" Projects for the CERN M2 Beam	experiment, radiation, optics, detector	3734
	D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, L. Gatignon, A. Gerbershagen, E. Montbarbon, B. Rae, M.S. Rosenthal, M.W.U. Van Dijk, B. Veit, V. de Jesus CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Cholak Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine G. D’Alessandro JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Physics Beyond Colliders is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientiﬁc potential of CERN’s accelerator complex up to 2040 and its scientiﬁc infrastructure through projects complementary to the existing and possible future colliders. Within the Conventional Beam Working Group (CBWG), several pro-jects for the M2 beam line in the CERN North Area were proposed, such as a successor for the COMPASS experiment, a muon programme for NA64 dark sector physics, and the MuonE proposal aiming at investigating the hadronic contribution to the vacuum polarisation. We present integration and beam optics studies for 100-160 GeV/c muon beams as well as an outlook for improvements on hadron beams, which include RF-separated options and low-energy antiproton beams and radiation studies for high intensity beams. In addition, necessary beam instrumentation upgrades for beam particle identiﬁcation and momentum measurements are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW063
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THPRB013	The ESSnuSB Target Station	target, proton, linac, electron	3831
	E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, L. D’Alessi, M. Dracos IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France P. Cupial, M. Koziol AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland N. Vassilopoulos IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This project is supported by the COST Action CA15139 EuroNuNet. It has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777419. The ESSνSB project, recently granted by the EU H₂020 programme for a 4-year design study, proposes to use the protons produced by the linac (2 GeV, 5 MW) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) currently in construction in Lund (Sweden) to deliver a neutrino super beam. It follows the studies made by the FP7 Design Study EUROν[1] (2008-2012), regarding future neutrino facilities. The primary proton beam line completing the linear accelerator will consist of one or several accumulator rings and a proton beam switchyard. The secondary beam line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, a decay tunnel and a beam dump. A challenging component of this project is the enormous target heat-load generated by the 5 MW proton beam. In order to reduce this heat-load there will be four targets, which will be hit in sequence by the compressed proton pulses, thereby reducing the beam power on each target to 1.25 MW. Following the EUROν studies, a packed bed of titanium spheres cooled with helium gas has become the baseline design for a Super Beam based on a 2-5 GeV proton beam with a power of up to 1 MW per target, with other targets being considered for comparison. The hadron collection will be performed by four hadron collectors (magnetic horns), one for each target. Each of these target/hadron-collector assemblies will receive proton pulses three times more frequently than in present projects, and by an average beam power of 1.25 MW, which is twice as high as in present neutrino projects. The feasibility of the target/horn station for the ESSνSB project is discussed here.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB013
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPRB108	LBNF Hadron Absorber: Updated Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4 MW Operation	operation, site, simulation, shielding	4078
	A. Deshpande, K. Anderson, K.E. Gollwitzer, B.D. Hartsell, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) Hadron Absorber is located downstream of the decay pipe. It consists of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks surrounded by steel and concrete shielding. Majority of the beam power is deposited in the absorber core which is water cooled. The surrounding steel and concrete shielding are air-cooled. The absorber provides radiation protection to personnel and keeps soil and ground activation levels to below allowable limits. It is designed for 2.4 MW beam operations. The total heat load deposited into the absorber is approximately 400 kW. The current design considers the longer 4-interaction length target of the optimized beam design. In addition, the ‘bafflette’ around the target reduces the energy deposited into the absorber. For this reason, the sculpting in the aluminum core blocks, which was in the previous design, was removed, making the design uniform and less complicated. In addition, the uniformity of the absorber makes it easier to understand the muon monitor data. Steady state thermal, structural, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of critical absorber aluminum and steel components during steady state operations is discussed herein. A similar analysis for a 120 GeV, 10 µs pulse, accident condition is also discussed. A preliminary design for the accident pulse prevention system that protects the absorber is also described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB108
About •	paper received ※ 30 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPTS037	The Deformation-Stress Simulation and Measurement of Titanium Foil Strip for Hadron Monitor	electron, simulation, experiment, ECR	4187
	A.X. Wang, J.X. Chen, H.Y. He, L. Liu, X.J. Nie, C.J. Ning, J.L. Sun, G.Y. Wang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang, D.H. Zhu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China L. Kang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The measurement of beam profile by hadron monitor is in fact the measurement of the positive current after the secondary electrons escaped. According to the situation that the number of beam particles is small and the current signal is weak, the material titanium with high secondary electron generation rate is select by material comparison, and the foil strip type is used to increase the cross section area to obtain lager current level. On account of dead weight itself, as well as thermal expansion and contraction, the foil strip shall be loose. The loosen strip will deviate from its theoretical position, and cause the measuring error. Therefore, the deformation-stress of Ti foil strip (1000500.1) was simulated under the pretension (10~90N) with the finite element software ANSYS. A set of experiment device with pretension adjustment and heating for the foil strip was designed, and then the deformation-stress was tested by a high precision 3-D imaging measurement system. Compared with the simulation results, the pretension would better set at about 50N.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS037
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPTS084	Magnet Design Optimization for Future Hadron Colliders	dipole, collider, magnet-design, power-supply	4307
	V.V. Kashikhin, V. Lombardo, G. Velev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Fermilab in collaboration with other members of the US Magnet Development Program (MDP) is working on the development of accelerator magnets for future hadron colliders. A 4-layer, 15-T dipole with 60 mm aperture based on Nb₃Sn Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) has been fabricated and tested. It is an important milestone of demonstrating readiness of the LTS magnet technology for the next generation of hadron colliders. At the same time, design studies aimed at boosting the magnet performance even further with the help of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) are under way. This paper introduces a novel magnet technology - Conductor On Molded Barrel (COMB) optimized for the HTS materials and discusses possible steps towards its demonstration.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS084
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOZZPLS1

eRHIC Design Overview

electron, proton, storage-ring, luminosity

45

C. Montag, G. Bassi, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, J.M. Brennan, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, W. Guo, A. Hershcovitch, C. Hetzel, D. Holmes, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S. Seletskiy, V.V. Smaluk, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés, W.-T. Weng, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is being envisioned as the next facility to be constructed by the DOE Nuclear Physics program. Brookhaven National Laboratory is proposing eRHIC, a facility based on the existing RHIC complex as a cost effective realization of the EIC project with a peak luminosity of 10³⁴ cm^-2 sec^-1. An electron storage ring with an energy range from 5 to 18 GeV will be added in the existing RHIC tunnel. A spin-transparent rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) will serve as a full-energy polarized electron injector. Recent design improvements include reduction of the IR magnet strengths to avoid the necessity for Nb₃Sn magnets, and a novel hadron injection scheme to maximize the integrated luminosity. We will provide an overview of this proposed project and present the current design status.

Slides MOZZPLS1 [5.428 MB]

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paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPGW082

Mitigation of Stray Magnetic Field Effects in CLIC with Passive Shielding

shielding, feedback, collider, simulation

293

C. Gohil, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
P. Burrows
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

Simulations have shown the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is sensitive to external dynamic magnetic fields (stray fields) to the nT level. Due to these extremely tight tolerances, mitigation techniques will be required to prevent performance loss. A passive shielding technique is envisaged as a potential solution. A model for passive shielding is presented along with calculations of its transfer function. Measurements of the transfer function of a promising material (mu-metal) that can be used for passive shielding are presented. The validity of passive shielding models in small amplitude magnetic fields is also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW082

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paper received ※ 01 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPGW084

Beam Loading Compensation for the Future Circular Hadron-Hadron Collider (FCC-hh)

cavity, beam-loading, collider, impedance

301

I. Karpov, P. Baudrenghien
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The power consumption of the rf system can be minimised by optimising the cavity detuning and the loaded quality factor. In high-current accelerators, the presence of gaps in the filling results in a modulation of the cavity voltage along the ring (transient beam loading) and as a consequence a spread in the bunch parameters. In addition longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities can appear, caused by the cavity impedance at the fundamental. Both issues can be mitigated by using an rf feedback around the amplifier and cavity, a technique used in many high intensity machines including the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Compared to the LHC machine, the energy increase and the radiation loss for the Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider (FCC-hh) will be larger, resulting in a synchronous phase deviating significantly from 180 degrees. The solutions adopted for the LHC must therefore be revisited. This paper evaluates several beam loading compensation schemes for this machine.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW084

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paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPMP024

Prospects for Future Asymmetric Collisions in the LHC

proton, luminosity, experiment, operation

484

M.A. Jebramcik, J.M. Jowett
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The proton-lead runs of the LHC in 2012, 2013 and 2016 provided luminosity far beyond expectations in a diversity of operating conditions and led to important new results in high-density QCD. This has permitted the scope of the future physics programme to be expanded in a recent review. Besides further high-luminosity p-Pb collisions, lighter nuclei are also under consideration. A short proton-oxygen run, on the model of the 2012 p-Pb run, would be of interest for cosmic-ray physics. Other collision systems like proton-argon or collisions of protons with other noble gases are also discussed. We provide an overview of the operational strategies and potential performance of various asymmetric collision options. Potential performance limits from moving beam-beam encounters at injection and various beam-loss mechanisms are evaluated in the light of our understanding of the LHC to date.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP024

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paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPMP026

HE-LHC Optics Design Options

dipole, lattice, quadrupole, optics

492

J. Keintzel, M.P. Crouch, M. Hofer, T. Risselada, R. Tomás, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Hofer, J. Keintzel
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
L. van Riesen-Haupt
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
L. van Riesen-Haupt
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The High Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), a possible successor of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) aims at reaching a centre-of-mass energy of about 27 TeV using basically the same 16 T dipoles as for the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider FCC-hh. Designing the HE-LHC results in a trade off between energy reach, beam stay clear as well as geometry offset with respect to the LHC. In order to best meet the requirements, various arc cell and dispersion suppressor options have been generated and analysed, before concluding on two baseline options, which are presented in this paper. Merits of each design are highlighted and possible solutions for beam stay clear minima are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP026

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paper received ※ 02 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPMP048

LHC Doubler: CIC Dipole Technology May Make It Feasible and Affordable

dipole, multipole, collider, injection

552

P.M. McIntyre
Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
J. Breitschopf, J.N. Kellams, A. Sattarov
ATC, College Station, Texas, USA
D.C.V. Chavez
Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, León, Mexico

There is new physics-driven interest in the concept of an LHC doubler with collision energy of 30 TeV and high luminosity. The cost-driver challenge for its feasibility is the ring of 16 T dual dipoles. Recent developments in cable-in-conduit (CIC) technology offer significant benefit for this purpose. The CIC windings provide robust stress management at the cable level and facilitate forming of the flared ends without degradation. The CIC windings provide a basis for hybrid windings, in which the innermost layers that operate in high field utilize Bi-2212, the center layers utilize Nb₃Sn, and the outer layers utilize NbTi. Cryogen flows through the interior of all cables, so that heat transfer can be optimized throughout the windings. The design of the 18 T dipole and the 23 kA CIC conductor will be presented. Particular challenges for integration in an LHC doubler will be discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP048

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paper received ※ 18 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPMP050

Performance of CeC PoP Accelerator

electron, FEL, gun, SRF

559

I. Pinayev, Z. Altinbas, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, A. Di Lieto, T. Hayes, R.L. Hulsart, P. Inacker, Y.C. Jing, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, K. Mernick, K. Mihara, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, G. Narayan, F. Severino, K. Shih, Z. Sorrell, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I. Petrushina
SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Coherent electron cooling experiment is aimed for demonstration of the proof-of-principle demonstration of reduction energy spread of a single hadron bunch circulating in RHIC. The electron beam should have the required parameters and its orbit and energy should be matched to the hadron beam. In this paper we present the achieved electron beam parameters including emittance, energy spread, and other critical indicators. The operational issues as well as future plans are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP050

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPMP053

Numerical Optimization of DC Wire Compensation in HL-LHC

operation, collider, luminosity, simulation

570

K. Skoufaris, S.D. Fartoukh, N. Karastathis, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Pellegrini, A. Poyet, A. Rossi, G. Sterbini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The electromagnetic field generated from a set of DC wires parallel to the beam opens the path to the compensation of the beam-beam long-range (BBLR) interactions for the future operation of large hadron colliders, in particular for the upcoming High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The effectiveness and simplicity of a current carrying wire are critical for overcoming some technical constraints of the machine. In order to better understand the potential of this device for the HL-LHC, various simulation studies are presented. The different observables are the dynamic aperture and the frequency analysis.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP053

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paper received ※ 03 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB048

Collimation System Studies for the FCC-hh

collimation, proton, collider, simulation

669

R. Bruce, A. Abramov, A. Bertarelli, M.I. Besana, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, M. Fiascaris, G. Gobbi, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, J. Molson, M. Pasquali, S. Redaelli, D. Schulte, E. Skordis, M. Varasteh Anvar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Abramov
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France
M. Serluca
IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France

The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) is being designed as a 100 km ring that should collide 50 TeV proton beams. At 8.3 GJ, its stored beam energy will be a factor 28 higher than what has been achieved in the Large Hadron Collider, which has the highest stored beam energy among the colliders built so far. This puts unprecedented demands on the control of beam losses and collimation, since even a tiny beam loss risks quenching superconducting magnets. We present in this article the design of the FCC-hh collimation system and study the beam cleaning through simulations of tracking, energy deposition, and thermo-mechanical response. We investigate the collimation performance for design beam loss scenarios and potential bottlenecks are highlighted.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB048

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paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB050

Performance of the Collimation System During the 2018 Lead Ion Run at the Large Hadron Collider

collimation, simulation, heavy-ion, proton

677

N. Fuster-Martínez, R. Bruce, J.M. Jowett, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy-ion research programme, the last month of the 2018 LHC run was dedicated to Pb ion physics. Several heavy-ion runs have been performed since the start-up of the LHC. These runs are challenging for collimation, despite lower intensities, because of the degraded cleaning observed compared to protons. This is due to the differences of the interaction mechanisms in the collimators. Ions experience fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that result in a substantial flux of off-rigidity particles that escape the collimation system. In this paper, the collimation system performance and the experience gained during the 2018 Pb ion run are presented. The measured performance is compared with the expectation from the Sixtrack-FLUKA coupling simulations and the agreement discussed.

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paper received ※ 07 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB051

Collimation System Upgrades for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Expected Cleaning Performance in Run 3

collimation, proton, collider, dipole

681

A. Mereghetti, R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project (HL-LHC), the LHC collimation system needs important upgrades to cope with the foreseen brighter beams. New collimation hardware will be installed in two phases, the first one during the LHC second Long Shutdown (LS2), in 2019-20, followed by a second phase starting in 2024 (LS3). This paper reviews the collimation upgrade plans for LS2, focused on a first impedance reduction of the system, through the installation of collimators based on new materials, and the improvement of collimation cleaning, achieved by adding new collimators in the cold dispersion suppressor regions. The performance of the new system in terms of cleaning inefficiency for proton and lead ion beams is presented.

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paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB058

Collimation of Partially Stripped Ion Beams in the LHC

collimation, simulation, operation, collider

700

A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, A.A. Gorzawski, M.W. Krasny, J. Molson, S. Redaelli, M. Schaumann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders studies, the Gamma Factory initiative proposes the use of partially stripped ions as a driver of a new type, high intensity photon source in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2018, the LHC accelerated and stored partially stripped 208-Pb-81+ ions for the first time. The collimation system efficiency recorded during this test was found to be prohibitively low. The worst losses were localised in the dispersion suppressor (DS) of the betatron-cleaning insertion. Analytic arguments and simulations show that the large losses are driven by the stripping of the remaining electron from the Pb nucleus by the primary collimators. The rising dispersion in the DS pushes the resulting off-rigidity, fully-stripped ions into the aperture of the superconducting magnets. In this study the measured loss maps are compared against results from simulations. Different mitigation strategies are outlined, including a dispersion suppressor (DS) collimator, crystal collimation or an orbit bump.

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paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB059

Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams in the HE-LHC

collimation, collider, proton, simulation

704

A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, M.P. Crouch, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A design study for a future collider to be built in the LHC tunnel, the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), has been launched as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN. It would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV as well as collisions of heavy ions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity. HE-LHC is being designed under the stringent constraint of using the existing tunnel and therefore the resulting lattice and optics differ in layout and phase advance from the LHC. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of the collimation system for ion beams in HE-LHC in addition to proton beams. In the case of ion beams, the fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that relativistic heavy ions can undergo in collimators, as well as the unprecedented energy per nucleon of the HE-LHC, requires dedicated simulations. Results from a study of collimation efficiency for the nominal lead ion (Pb-82-208) beams performed with the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling framework are presented. These include loss maps with comparison against an estimated quench limit as well as detailed considerations of loss spikes in the superconducting aperture for critical sections of the machine such as the dispersion suppressors.

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paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB072

eRHIC in Electron-Ion Operation

operation, electron, collider, heavy-ion

738

W. Fischer, E.C. Aschenauer, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, H. Huang, T. Kanesue, C. Liu, M. Mapes, G.T. McIntyre, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, S.K. Nayak, M. Okamura, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, J. Sandberg, K.S. Smith, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design effort for the electron-ion collider eRHIC has concentrated on electron-proton collisions at the highest luminosities over the widest possible energy range. The present design also provides for electron-nucleon peak luminosities of up to 4.7·10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹ with strong hadron cooling, and up to 1.7·10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹ with stochastic cooling. Here we discuss the performance limitations and design choices for electron-ion collisions that are different from the electron-proton collisions. These include the ion bunch preparation in the injector chain, acceleration and intrabeam scattering in the hadron ring, path length adjustment and synchronization with the electron ring, stochastic cooling upgrades, machine protection upgrades, and operation with polarized electron beams colliding with either unpolarized ion beams or polarized He-3.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB072

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paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB100

An Improved eRHIC Interaction Region Design Without High Field Nb₃Sn Magnets

electron, quadrupole, dipole, proton

799

B. Parker, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The IR magnets for the eRHIC Collider proposed at BNL must provide strong fields for the high momentum hadron beam and yet protect the nearby electron beam focusing channel from these fields. In our initial design the electron and hadron magnets were staggered so their respective cold masses did not overlap; however, this restricts the longitudinal space for the first hadron quadrupole and led to the challenge of making a high-field Nb₃Sn main coil structure fit inside limited radial space within an external field active shield coil. In our new layout the crossing angle increased from 22 to 25 mrad and the electron and hadron cold masses are now side-by-side. This layout allows longer magnetic lengths for reducing the coil peak fields; NbTi conductor can now be used everywhere. Of course we must take care to control magnetic cross talk between neighboring apertures. One trick we will use to accomplish this is to maximize the yoke material thickness between the beams by tapering (i.e. change coil radius as a function of longitudinal position) some of the electron coils. The new eRHIC IR layout and magnet design is reported in this paper along with ongoing R&D to wind tapered coils.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB100

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB106

3D Theory of Microbunched Electron Cooling for Electron-Ion Colliders

electron, kicker, simulation, betatron

814

G. Stupakov, P. Baxevanis
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
The Microbunched Electron Cooling (MBEC) * is a promising cooling technique that can find applications in future hadron and electron-ion colliders. A 1D model of MBEC has been recently developed in Ref. **. This model predicts the cooling time below two hours for eRHIC 255 GeV proton beams, when two amplification sections are used in the cooling system. In this work, we go beyond the 1D model of Ref. * and develop a realistic 3D theory of MBEC. Our approach is based on the analysis of the dynamics of microscopic 3D fluctuations in the electron and hadron beams during their interaction and propagation through the system. We derive an analytical expression for the cooling rate and optimize it for the parameters of eRHIC. Our analytical results are in reasonable agreement with simulations.
* D. Ratner. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 084802 (2013).
** G. Stupakov. PRAB 21, 114402 (2018)

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB106

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paper received ※ 29 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB109

Cavity Design for the Updated eRHIC Crabbing System

cavity, proton, operation, electron

818

S. Verdú-Andrés, Q. Wu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC under contract no. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The electron-ion collider eRHIC proposed by Brookhaven National Laboratory includes a crabbing system to reestablish head-on collisions for a maximum geometric overlap of the colliding bunches. Since the last cavity design, the crossing angle has increased from 22 to 25 mrad to relax the field strength requirement in one of the IR magnets - increasing the deflecting kick required to collider the bunches head on - and one of the considered options is to have both proton and electron crab cavities work at 200 MHz. The present paper discusses the RF design of the 200 MHz crab cavities for the electron and hadron beams of eRHIC.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB109

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPMP052

Proposed Hadron Injection into the Future eRHIC Collider

injection, dipole, septum, kicker

2451

N. Tsoupas, F. Méot, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic, F.J. Willeke, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: *Work Supported by the US Department of Energy.
The future eRHIC collider * will collide 5, 10, and 18 GeV polarized electrons with 250 GeV polarized protons, 210 GeV/u polarized 3He ions and other heavy ion species which are already produced by the RHIC accelerator. To increase the luminosity during collisions the number of circulating hadron bunches will increase to 330 and this requires a modification of the injection hadrons into the RHIC accelerator. This paper describes this injection scheme which is compatible with a design option which uses two hadron rings, one ring for accelerating the hadron beam and the other ring for storing the circulating beam to increase even further the integrated luminosity of the electron-hadron collisions. This two-hadron-rings option will be presented in the conference.
tsoupas@bnl.gov
* ICFA BD Newsletter No. 74 http://icfa-bd.kek.jp/

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP052

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPGW009

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRON BEAM PROBE FOR HADRON SYNCHROTRONS.

electron, simulation, proton, experiment

2480

M. Droba, C. Hübinger, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, K.I. Thoma
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.R. Jones, M. Wendt, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: BMBF 05P18RFRB2
Non-invasive diagnostics is essential to get important information about intense hadron beams, e.g. the transverse beam profile, which is indispensable in order to attain high brilliance and luminosity for upgrades on present machines and for future projects. Furthermore, it can be used to optimise parameter settings in environment of the running machine. An electron beam probe (EBP) is a beam diagnostics instrument which scans a low energy, low current electron beam through a hadron beam and obtains information from the detected response. The electrons are shot perpendicular through the hadron beam to be examined, which causes deflection in the beam potential of the intense hadron bunch, that needs to be detected and further analysed. We propose to build the EBP scanning apparatus for synchrotrons under ultra-high vacuum condition. The results of multi particle simulations evaluating limitations the expected measurement potential and limitations are presented. This work will be performed in collaboration with CERN.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW009

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paper received ※ 11 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPTS045

High-Performance Scheduling of Multi-Beam Multi-Bunch Simulations

simulation, wakefield, collider, site

3208

S.V. Furuseth, X. Buffat
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S.V. Furuseth
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Coherent multi-bunch interactions through beam-beam forces or wake fields can cause severe impacts on the beams in circular colliders, if not well understood and countered for. COMBI is a parallel multiparticle tracking code developed to study such interactions. Its implementation greatly limits its efficiency when considering realistic configurations featuring effects with different computational requirements, such as the multi-bunch interaction through wake fields, beam-beam interactions, transverse feedback and lattice non-linearities. A new parallel scheduling method, pipelining the effects for each bunch, has greatly sped up the code. The new version of the code, COMBIp, is presented here.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS045

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paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPMP034

Simulating Matter Interactions of Partially Stripped Ions in BDSIM

electron, target, simulation, dipole

3514

A. Abramov, S.T. Boogert, L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

Acceleration and storage of beams of relativistic partially stripped ions is more challenging than in the case of fully stripped ions because the interactions with matter, such as those with residual gas and collimators can strip electrons via ionisation. BDSIM is a code for the simulation of energy deposition and charged particle backgrounds in accelerators that uses the Geant4 physics library. Geant4 includes a broad range of ion elastic and inelastic interactions and allows the definition of partially stripped ion beams. However, no models are currently available to handle in-flight interactions involving the bound electrons. In this paper we present a semi-empirical model of beam ion stripping by material atoms that is implemented in BDSIM as an extension of Geant4’s existing physics processes and is fully integrated into a comprehensive set of matter interactions for partially stripped ions. The stripping cross-section for select cases and results from comprehensive simulations are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP034

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPGW063

The "Physics Beyond Colliders" Projects for the CERN M2 Beam

experiment, radiation, optics, detector

3734

D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, L. Gatignon, A. Gerbershagen, E. Montbarbon, B. Rae, M.S. Rosenthal, M.W.U. Van Dijk, B. Veit, V. de Jesus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Cholak
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
G. D’Alessandro
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

Physics Beyond Colliders is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientiﬁc potential of CERN’s accelerator complex up to 2040 and its scientiﬁc infrastructure through projects complementary to the existing and possible future colliders. Within the Conventional Beam Working Group (CBWG), several pro-jects for the M2 beam line in the CERN North Area were proposed, such as a successor for the COMPASS experiment, a muon programme for NA64 dark sector physics, and the MuonE proposal aiming at investigating the hadronic contribution to the vacuum polarisation. We present integration and beam optics studies for 100-160 GeV/c muon beams as well as an outlook for improvements on hadron beams, which include RF-separated options and low-energy antiproton beams and radiation studies for high intensity beams. In addition, necessary beam instrumentation upgrades for beam particle identiﬁcation and momentum measurements are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW063

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paper received ※ 30 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPRB013

The ESSnuSB Target Station

target, proton, linac, electron

3831

E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, L. D’Alessi, M. Dracos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
P. Cupial, M. Koziol
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
N. Vassilopoulos
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This project is supported by the COST Action CA15139 EuroNuNet. It has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777419.
The ESSνSB project, recently granted by the EU H₂020 programme for a 4-year design study, proposes to use the protons produced by the linac (2 GeV, 5 MW) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) currently in construction in Lund (Sweden) to deliver a neutrino super beam. It follows the studies made by the FP7 Design Study EUROν[1] (2008-2012), regarding future neutrino facilities. The primary proton beam line completing the linear accelerator will consist of one or several accumulator rings and a proton beam switchyard. The secondary beam line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, a decay tunnel and a beam dump. A challenging component of this project is the enormous target heat-load generated by the 5 MW proton beam. In order to reduce this heat-load there will be four targets, which will be hit in sequence by the compressed proton pulses, thereby reducing the beam power on each target to 1.25 MW. Following the EUROν studies, a packed bed of titanium spheres cooled with helium gas has become the baseline design for a Super Beam based on a 2-5 GeV proton beam with a power of up to 1 MW per target, with other targets being considered for comparison. The hadron collection will be performed by four hadron collectors (magnetic horns), one for each target. Each of these target/hadron-collector assemblies will receive proton pulses three times more frequently than in present projects, and by an average beam power of 1.25 MW, which is twice as high as in present neutrino projects. The feasibility of the target/horn station for the ESSνSB project is discussed here.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB013

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPRB108

LBNF Hadron Absorber: Updated Mechanical Design and Analysis for 2.4 MW Operation

operation, site, simulation, shielding

4078

A. Deshpande, K. Anderson, K.E. Gollwitzer, B.D. Hartsell, J. Hylen, V.I. Sidorov, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) Hadron Absorber is located downstream of the decay pipe. It consists of actively cooled aluminum and steel blocks surrounded by steel and concrete shielding. Majority of the beam power is deposited in the absorber core which is water cooled. The surrounding steel and concrete shielding are air-cooled. The absorber provides radiation protection to personnel and keeps soil and ground activation levels to below allowable limits. It is designed for 2.4 MW beam operations. The total heat load deposited into the absorber is approximately 400 kW. The current design considers the longer 4-interaction length target of the optimized beam design. In addition, the ‘bafflette’ around the target reduces the energy deposited into the absorber. For this reason, the sculpting in the aluminum core blocks, which was in the previous design, was removed, making the design uniform and less complicated. In addition, the uniformity of the absorber makes it easier to understand the muon monitor data. Steady state thermal, structural, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of critical absorber aluminum and steel components during steady state operations is discussed herein. A similar analysis for a 120 GeV, 10 µs pulse, accident condition is also discussed. A preliminary design for the accident pulse prevention system that protects the absorber is also described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB108

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paper received ※ 30 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPTS037

The Deformation-Stress Simulation and Measurement of Titanium Foil Strip for Hadron Monitor

electron, simulation, experiment, ECR

4187

A.X. Wang, J.X. Chen, H.Y. He, L. Liu, X.J. Nie, C.J. Ning, J.L. Sun, G.Y. Wang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang, D.H. Zhu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
L. Kang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The measurement of beam profile by hadron monitor is in fact the measurement of the positive current after the secondary electrons escaped. According to the situation that the number of beam particles is small and the current signal is weak, the material titanium with high secondary electron generation rate is select by material comparison, and the foil strip type is used to increase the cross section area to obtain lager current level. On account of dead weight itself, as well as thermal expansion and contraction, the foil strip shall be loose. The loosen strip will deviate from its theoretical position, and cause the measuring error. Therefore, the deformation-stress of Ti foil strip (1000*50*0.1) was simulated under the pretension (10~90N) with the finite element software ANSYS. A set of experiment device with pretension adjustment and heating for the foil strip was designed, and then the deformation-stress was tested by a high precision 3-D imaging measurement system. Compared with the simulation results, the pretension would better set at about 50N.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS037

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paper received ※ 12 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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THPTS084

Magnet Design Optimization for Future Hadron Colliders

dipole, collider, magnet-design, power-supply

4307

V.V. Kashikhin, V. Lombardo, G. Velev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Fermilab in collaboration with other members of the US Magnet Development Program (MDP) is working on the development of accelerator magnets for future hadron colliders. A 4-layer, 15-T dipole with 60 mm aperture based on Nb₃Sn Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) has been fabricated and tested. It is an important milestone of demonstrating readiness of the LTS magnet technology for the next generation of hadron colliders. At the same time, design studies aimed at boosting the magnet performance even further with the help of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) are under way. This paper introduces a novel magnet technology - Conductor On Molded Barrel (COMB) optimized for the HTS materials and discusses possible steps towards its demonstration.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS084

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paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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