ECRIS2020 - Classification: 03: Production of High-intensity Ion Beams

Paper	Title	Page
MOWZO04	GISMO Gasdynamic ECR Ion Source Status: Towards High-Intensity Ion Beams of Superior Quality	13
	I. Izotov, A. Bokhanov, E.M. Kiseleva, R.L. Lapin, V. Skalyga, S.S. Vybin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: The work was supported by RFBR, grant #20-32-70002, and within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 0035-2019-0002. GISMO, a CW high-current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source, is under development at the IAP RAS. The quasi-gasdynamic confinement regime, featuring high plasma density (up to 10¹⁴ cm^-3) and moderate electron temperature (~100 eV), allowed to extract pulsed beams of H⁺ and D⁺ ions with current of 450 mA and RMS emittance <0.07 pi mm mrad. It has been already demonstrated that major benefits of quasi-gasdynamic confinement, previously tested in pulsed mode, are scalable to the CW operational mode. In first experiments at GISMO facility, the ion beams were extracted in pulsed mode from the CW plasma of ECR discharge due to technical limitations of cooling circuits. Proton beams with current up to 70 mA were achieved at extraction voltage of 40 kV. A new unique extraction system especially effective for the formation of high current density ion beams was developed. V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, A. Sidorov, S. Golubev, T. Kalvas, H. Koivisto, and O. Tarvainen. Review of Scientific Instruments 85, 02A702 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825074
	Slides MOWZO04 [3.681 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO04
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO01	Production of ⁴⁸Ca and ⁴⁸Ti Ion Beams at the DC-280 Cyclotron	43
	S.L. Bogomolov, A.E. Bondarchenko, A.A. Efremov, K.I. Kuzmenkov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The heaviest known elements (up to ¹¹⁸Og) were synthesized at the U-400 cyclotron (FLNR JINR, Dubna) by using a beam of ⁴⁸Ca ions. During the tests of the DC-280 cyclotron, intense beams of ⁴⁸Ca ions were produced. For the synthesis of the elements 119 and heavier, intense and stable beams of medium-mass elements are required, such as ⁵⁰Ti and ⁵⁴Cr. Before starting the main experiments, we test the production of ⁴⁸Ti ion beam, which is less expensive than 50Ti. The article describes the method, technique, and experimental results on the production of ⁴⁸Ca and ⁴⁸Ti ion beam at the DC-280 cyclotron from the DECRIS-PM ion source.
	Slides MOZZO01 [1.105 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO01
About •	Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 20 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 21 July 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO02	ECR Discharge in a Single Solenoid Magnetic Field as a Source of the Wide-Aperture Dense Plasma Fluxes	47
	I. Izotov, A. Bokhanov, S. Golubev, M.Yu. Kazakov, S. Razin, R.A. Shaposhnikov, S.P. Shlepnev, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: The reported study was supported by RFBR, project #19-32-90079, and by Presidential Grants Foundation (Grant #MD-2745.2019.2) Sources of dense plasma fluxes with wide aperture are extensively used in applied science, i.e. surface treatment, and as a part of neutral beam injectors. ECR discharge in a solenoidal magnetic field (i.e. with no magnetic mirrors for plasma confinement), sustained by a powerful radiation of modern gyrotrons is under consideration at IAP RAS as a possible alternative to widely used vacuum arc, RF and helicon discharges. The use of a high frequency radiation (37.5 GHz) allows to obtain a discharge at lower pressure, sustain almost fully ionized plasma with density more than 10¹³ cm^-3, whereas the power on the level of several hundreds of kW allows one to create such a plasma in considerably large volume. In the present work fluxes of hydrogen plasma with the equivalent current density of 750 mA/cm² and the total current of 5 A were obtained. A multi-aperture multi-electrode extraction system design capable of forming the non-divergent ion beam was developed with the use of IBSimu code.
	Slides MOZZO02 [0.681 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO02
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO05	A New Resistive High Temperature Oven for Metallic Beams Production
	O. Bajeat, C. Barue, M. Dubois, F. Lemagnen, M. Michel GANIL, Caen, France
	For the Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) [1] currently under construction on Spiral 2 facility, metallic beams of high intensities must be delivered to impinge a target aiming to produce rare radioactive isotopes for fundamental nuclear studies. First requested beams are 58Ni, 48Ca, 50Cr, 50Ti or 50V with an intensity about 1,2.10¹³ pps. The metallic ion beams will be produced by the Phoenix V3 ECR ion source combined with a resistive oven newly designed to cope with the beam specifications. The evaporation of low vapor pressure metallic elements (Ti, V…) requires temperature within a range of 1900°C to 2000°C. A new design of a resistive oven has been developed for this purpose. The oven reached 2000°C in a test vacuum chamber during 8 days. It has worked out in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECR4 at GANIL for Titanium beam production. Further tests using this ion source are under preparation for Ti and V beam production. Flux and angular distribution of atoms released by the oven are going to be measured off-line for optimizing crucibles geometries. Finally, the oven will be integrated into the Phoenix V3 ECRIS for Ti and V production. [1] F. Déchery et al., ’The Super Separator Spectrometer image and the associated detection systems: SIRIUS & LEB-REGLIS3’, 376 NIMB 125 (2016)
	Slides MOZZO05 [2.339 MB]
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZZO04	Status of the 60 GHz ECR Ion Source Research	102
	T. André, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, P. Sole, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France F. Debray GHMFL, Grenoble, France I. Izotov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	SEISM is a compact ECR ion source operating at 60 GHz developed up to 2014. The prototype uses a magnetic cusp to confine the plasma. This simple magnetic geometry was chosen to allow the use of polyhelix coils (developed at the LNCMI, Grenoble) to generate a strong magnetic confinement featuring a closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. The plasma is sustained by a 300 kW microwave pulse of 1 ms duration and with a 2 Hz repetition rate. Previous experiments at LNCMI have successfully demonstrated the establishment of the nominal magnetic field and the extraction of ion beams with a current density up to ~ 1A/cm². The presence of "afterglow" peaks was also observed, proving the existence of ion confinement in a cusp ECR ion source. The last run was prematurely stopped but the project restarted in 2018 and new experiments are planned in 2021. A new transport beam line has been designed to improve ion beam transport towards the beam detectors. Short- and long-term research plans are presented, including numerical simulations of the beam transport line and future upgrades of the ion source with the main goal to transform the high current density measured into a real high intensity ion beam.
	Slides TUZZO04 [5.933 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO04
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 15 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 February 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZZO05	Multi-Species Child-Langmuir Law with Application to ECR Ion Sources	106
	C.Y. Wong ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA S.M. Lund FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	We generalize the classical single-species Child-Langmuir Law to analyze multi-species beams from ECR ion sources. The formulation assumes the relative weight of each species in the extracted beam is known. We apply the results to charge state distribution data from Artemis- and Venus-type sources at the NSCL and LBNL respectively. The total measured beam current is close to the maximum current predicted by the multi-species Child Langmuir law in each case, which indicates that beam extraction occurs close to space-charge-limited flow conditions. Prospects for application of the results and further studies on the topic are outlined.
	Slides TUZZO05 [0.508 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO05
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 16 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXZO05	Production of Metal Ion Beams From ECR Ion Sources	137
	A.E. Bondarchenko, S.L. Bogomolov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M.B. Abdigaliyev, I.A. Ivanov, M.V. Koloberdin, A.E. Kurakhmedov, D.A. Mustafin, Y.K. Sambayev, M.V. Zdorovets INP NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
	The work describes the preparation of metal ion beams from ECR ion sources by the MIVOC (Metal Ions from Volatile Compounds) method. The method is based on the use of volatile metal compounds having high vapor pressure at room temperature: for example, Ni(C5H5)2, (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3 and several others. Using this method, intense beams of chromium, titanium, iron, and other ions were obtained at the U-400 FLNR JINR and DC-60 cyclotrons (Astana branch of the INP, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Republic).
	Slides WEXZO05 [3.129 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEXZO05
About •	Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

GISMO Gasdynamic ECR Ion Source Status: Towards High-Intensity Ion Beams of Superior Quality

13

I. Izotov, A. Bokhanov, E.M. Kiseleva, R.L. Lapin, V. Skalyga, S.S. Vybin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: The work was supported by RFBR, grant #20-32-70002, and within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 0035-2019-0002.
GISMO, a CW high-current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source, is under development at the IAP RAS. The quasi-gasdynamic confinement regime, featuring high plasma density (up to 10¹⁴ cm^-3) and moderate electron temperature (~100 eV), allowed to extract pulsed beams of H⁺ and D⁺ ions with current of 450 mA and RMS emittance <0.07 pi mm mrad*. It has been already demonstrated that major benefits of quasi-gasdynamic confinement, previously tested in pulsed mode, are scalable to the CW operational mode. In first experiments at GISMO facility, the ion beams were extracted in pulsed mode from the CW plasma of ECR discharge due to technical limitations of cooling circuits. Proton beams with current up to 70 mA were achieved at extraction voltage of 40 kV. A new unique extraction system especially effective for the formation of high current density ion beams was developed.
* V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, A. Sidorov, S. Golubev, T. Kalvas, H. Koivisto, and O. Tarvainen. Review of Scientific Instruments 85, 02A702 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825074

Slides MOWZO04 [3.681 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO04

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO01

Production of ⁴⁸Ca and ⁴⁸Ti Ion Beams at the DC-280 Cyclotron

43

S.L. Bogomolov, A.E. Bondarchenko, A.A. Efremov, K.I. Kuzmenkov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The heaviest known elements (up to ¹¹⁸Og) were synthesized at the U-400 cyclotron (FLNR JINR, Dubna) by using a beam of ⁴⁸Ca ions. During the tests of the DC-280 cyclotron, intense beams of ⁴⁸Ca ions were produced. For the synthesis of the elements 119 and heavier, intense and stable beams of medium-mass elements are required, such as ⁵⁰Ti and ⁵⁴Cr. Before starting the main experiments, we test the production of ⁴⁸Ti ion beam, which is less expensive than 50Ti. The article describes the method, technique, and experimental results on the production of ⁴⁸Ca and ⁴⁸Ti ion beam at the DC-280 cyclotron from the DECRIS-PM ion source.

Slides MOZZO01 [1.105 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO01

About •

Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 20 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 21 July 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO02

ECR Discharge in a Single Solenoid Magnetic Field as a Source of the Wide-Aperture Dense Plasma Fluxes

47

I. Izotov, A. Bokhanov, S. Golubev, M.Yu. Kazakov, S. Razin, R.A. Shaposhnikov, S.P. Shlepnev, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: The reported study was supported by RFBR, project #19-32-90079, and by Presidential Grants Foundation (Grant #MD-2745.2019.2)
Sources of dense plasma fluxes with wide aperture are extensively used in applied science, i.e. surface treatment, and as a part of neutral beam injectors. ECR discharge in a solenoidal magnetic field (i.e. with no magnetic mirrors for plasma confinement), sustained by a powerful radiation of modern gyrotrons is under consideration at IAP RAS as a possible alternative to widely used vacuum arc, RF and helicon discharges. The use of a high frequency radiation (37.5 GHz) allows to obtain a discharge at lower pressure, sustain almost fully ionized plasma with density more than 10¹³ cm^-3, whereas the power on the level of several hundreds of kW allows one to create such a plasma in considerably large volume. In the present work fluxes of hydrogen plasma with the equivalent current density of 750 mA/cm² and the total current of 5 A were obtained. A multi-aperture multi-electrode extraction system design capable of forming the non-divergent ion beam was developed with the use of IBSimu code.

Slides MOZZO02 [0.681 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO02

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOZZO05

A New Resistive High Temperature Oven for Metallic Beams Production

O. Bajeat, C. Barue, M. Dubois, F. Lemagnen, M. Michel
GANIL, Caen, France

For the Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) [1] currently under construction on Spiral 2 facility, metallic beams of high intensities must be delivered to impinge a target aiming to produce rare radioactive isotopes for fundamental nuclear studies. First requested beams are 58Ni, 48Ca, 50Cr, 50Ti or 50V with an intensity about 1,2.10¹³ pps. The metallic ion beams will be produced by the Phoenix V3 ECR ion source combined with a resistive oven newly designed to cope with the beam specifications. The evaporation of low vapor pressure metallic elements (Ti, V…) requires temperature within a range of 1900°C to 2000°C. A new design of a resistive oven has been developed for this purpose. The oven reached 2000°C in a test vacuum chamber during 8 days. It has worked out in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECR4 at GANIL for Titanium beam production. Further tests using this ion source are under preparation for Ti and V beam production. Flux and angular distribution of atoms released by the oven are going to be measured off-line for optimizing crucibles geometries. Finally, the oven will be integrated into the Phoenix V3 ECRIS for Ti and V production.
[1] F. Déchery et al., ’The Super Separator Spectrometer image and the associated detection systems: SIRIUS & LEB-REGLIS3’, 376 NIMB 125 (2016)

Slides MOZZO05 [2.339 MB]

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZZO04

Status of the 60 GHz ECR Ion Source Research

102

T. André, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, P. Sole, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
F. Debray
GHMFL, Grenoble, France
I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

SEISM is a compact ECR ion source operating at 60 GHz developed up to 2014. The prototype uses a magnetic cusp to confine the plasma. This simple magnetic geometry was chosen to allow the use of polyhelix coils (developed at the LNCMI, Grenoble) to generate a strong magnetic confinement featuring a closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. The plasma is sustained by a 300 kW microwave pulse of 1 ms duration and with a 2 Hz repetition rate. Previous experiments at LNCMI have successfully demonstrated the establishment of the nominal magnetic field and the extraction of ion beams with a current density up to ~ 1A/cm². The presence of "afterglow" peaks was also observed, proving the existence of ion confinement in a cusp ECR ion source. The last run was prematurely stopped but the project restarted in 2018 and new experiments are planned in 2021. A new transport beam line has been designed to improve ion beam transport towards the beam detectors. Short- and long-term research plans are presented, including numerical simulations of the beam transport line and future upgrades of the ion source with the main goal to transform the high current density measured into a real high intensity ion beam.

Slides TUZZO04 [5.933 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO04

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 15 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 February 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZZO05

Multi-Species Child-Langmuir Law with Application to ECR Ion Sources

106

C.Y. Wong
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
S.M. Lund
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

We generalize the classical single-species Child-Langmuir Law to analyze multi-species beams from ECR ion sources. The formulation assumes the relative weight of each species in the extracted beam is known. We apply the results to charge state distribution data from Artemis- and Venus-type sources at the NSCL and LBNL respectively. The total measured beam current is close to the maximum current predicted by the multi-species Child Langmuir law in each case, which indicates that beam extraction occurs close to space-charge-limited flow conditions. Prospects for application of the results and further studies on the topic are outlined.

Slides TUZZO05 [0.508 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO05

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 16 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXZO05

Production of Metal Ion Beams From ECR Ion Sources

137

A.E. Bondarchenko, S.L. Bogomolov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.B. Abdigaliyev, I.A. Ivanov, M.V. Koloberdin, A.E. Kurakhmedov, D.A. Mustafin, Y.K. Sambayev, M.V. Zdorovets
INP NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The work describes the preparation of metal ion beams from ECR ion sources by the MIVOC (Metal Ions from Volatile Compounds) method. The method is based on the use of volatile metal compounds having high vapor pressure at room temperature: for example, Ni(C5H5)2, (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3 and several others. Using this method, intense beams of chromium, titanium, iron, and other ions were obtained at the U-400 FLNR JINR and DC-60 cyclotrons (Astana branch of the INP, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Republic).

Slides WEXZO05 [3.129 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEXZO05

About •

Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)