02: Production of Highly Charged Ion Beams
Paper Title Page
MOWZO01 FECR Ion Source Development and Challenges 1
 
  • L.T. Sun, Y. Chen, M.Z. Guan, J.W. Guo, J.B. Li, L.B. Li, L.X. Li, W. Lu, E.M. Mei, X.J. Ou, Z. Shen, X.D. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, C.J. Xin, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. Shen, L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  FECR or the First 4th generation ECR ion source is under development at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) since 2015. This ion source is aiming to extract intense highly charged heavy ion beams in the order of emA from the dense plasma heated with 45 GHz microwave power. To provide effective magnetic confinement to the 45 GHz ECR plasma, a state of the art Nb3Sn magnet with min-B configuration is a straightforward technical path. As there is no much precedent references, it has to be designed, prototyped at IMP through in-house development. Meanwhile, other physics and technical challenges to a 4th generation ECR ion source are also tackled at IMP to find feasible solutions. This paper will give a brief review of the critical issues in the development of FECR ion source. A detailed report on the status of FECR prototype magnet development will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO01 [16.578 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO01  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 30 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 07 August 2021
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MOWZO02 LECR5 Development and Status Report 6
 
  • C. Qian, J.R. An, J.J. Chang, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, Z.H. Jia, L.B. Li, W. Lu, J.D. Ma, Y.M. Ma, L.T. Sun, H. Wang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • C. Qian
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  LECR5 (Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No. 5) is an 18 GHz room temperature ECR ion source featuring Ø80 mm ID (Internal Diameter) plasma chamber and high magnetic fields. It has been successfully constructed at IMP recently and has been fully commissioned to meet the requirements of SESRI (Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure) project. According to the test results, LECR5 can meet the requirements of SESRI with sufficient beam intensities within the required the transverse emittances. As LECR5 is designed to be optimal for the operation at 18 GHz, we have managed to explore the source performance at 18 GHz with a maximum microwave power around 2 kW. Recent source test indicates, LECR5 can produce not only high intensity ion beams such as 2.12 emA O6+, 121 e’A of Ar14+, 73 e’A of Kr23+, 145 e’A of Xe27+, but also very high charge state ion beams such as 22 e’A of Bi41+. This paper will present the recent progress with LECR5, especially the intense ion beam production and the beam quality investigation.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO02 [5.886 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO02  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 November 2021
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MOWZO03 Status of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS 10
 
  • L. Celona, G. Calabrese, G. Castro, F. Chines, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, G. Manno, D. Mascali, A. Massara, S. Passarello, D. Siliato, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • G. Costanzo
    INFN-Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • C. Maugeri, F. Russo
    CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
 
  The AISHa ion source is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source designed to generate high brightness multiply charged ion beams with high reliability, easy operations and maintenance for hadrontheraphy applications. The R&D performed by the INFN-LNS team during the 2019/2020 has allowed the improvement of the AISHa performances up to 20% for some of the extracted beams: both injection and extraction flanges has been improved and a movable electrode has been installed. The low energy beam transport has been equipped of an Emittance Measurement Unit (EMU), working through the beam wire scanners principle, for the measurement of the vertical and horizontal emittance of the beams of interest for hadrontherapy applications. Beam emittance has been characterized as a function of q/m and of the beam intensity to highlight space charge effects. If necessary, the beam wire scanners can be used for the characterization of the beam shape. The perspectives for further developments and plasma diagnostics will be also highlighted.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO03 [24.738 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO03  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 12 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 06 February 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOXZO01 Status of the 45 GHz MARS-D ECRIS 17
 
  • D.Z. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, M.K. Covo, A. Hodgkinson, M. Juchno, L. Phair, D.S. Todd, L. Wang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231
Development of the MARS-D ECR ion source, a 45 GHz next generation ECRIS using a NbTi MARS-magnet, has been continuously moving forward at LBNL. Recent stress analyses and other key components of the MARS-D ion source have been essentially finalized. This article presents and discusses the status of this new 45 GHz ECR ion source, such as the latest design features and the fabrication plan with funding available in the very near future.
 
slides icon Slides MOXZO01 [3.661 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOXZO01  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 01 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 29 November 2021
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MOXZO02 Conceptual Design of Heavy Ion ToF-ERDA Facility Based on Permanent Magnet ECRIS and Variable Frequency RFQ Accelerator 21
 
  • O.A. Tarvainen, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J. Julin, T. Kalvas
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
 
  Ion beam analysis is typically based on tandem accelerators and negative ions. The required 5-20 MeV energies for heavy ion time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis* (ToF-ERDA) can be achieved with a high charge state ion source and RFQ accelerator. We present a conceptual design of a ToF-ERDA facility based on a permanent magnet ECRIS and variable frequency RFQ accelerating 1-10 pnA of 40Ar8+, 84Kr17+ and 129Xe24+ ions to 4-7, 10-15 and 13-20 MeV. We present the PM ECRIS requirements focusing on the CUBE-ECRIS** with a quadrupole min-B field topology. Beam dynamics studies demonstrating good transmission of the heavy ion beams from the ion source to the RFQ entrance through the electrostatic low energy beam transport (LEBT) and a permanent magnet dipole are presented. The predicted LEBT transmissions of the CUBE-ECRIS (rectangular extraction slit) and a conventional ECRIS (circular extraction aperture) are compared. The conceptual design of the RFQ is described and the implications of the energy spread on the high energy beam transport are discussed. It is demonstrated that an energy spread below 0.2 % is necessary for appropriate resolution of the heavy ion ToF-ERDA.
* J. Julin and T. Sajavaara, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 406, Part A, (2017), pp 61-65.
** T. Kalvas, O. Tarvainen, V. Toivanen and H. Koivisto, 2020 JINST 15 P06016.
 
slides icon Slides MOXZO02 [10.204 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOXZO02  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 14 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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MOXZO03
FRIB 28 GHz ECR Ion Source Development and Status  
 
  • H.T. Ren, N.K. Bultman, G. Machicoane, P. Morrison, W.R. O’Brien, M. Omelayenko, X. Rao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • H. Felice, R.R. Hafalia, P. Pan, S. Prestemon
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
To satisfy ultimate performance requirements for heavy ions, a 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source is under development at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in collaboration with Berkeley National Laboratory. The construction and testing of the superconducting magnet was completed at Berkeley and delivered to FRIB in January 2018. The magnet and cryostat have been assembled on the high voltage platform. Magnet cooldown and field mapping are planned by the end of 2020. The source commissioning shall start in early 2021. Details of the ion source design, current status of assembly, and commissioning plan will be presented in this paper.
 
slides icon Slides MOXZO03 [4.235 MB]  
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MOZZO03 Stable and Intense 48Ca Ion Beam Production With a Microwave Shielded Oven and an Optical Spectrometer as Diagnostic Tool 50
 
  • F. Maimone, R.H. Hollinger, R. Lang, J. Mäder, P.T. Patchakui, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • A. Andreev
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  The CAPRICE ECRIS installed at the High Charge Injector (HLI) of GSI produces highly charged ion beams from gaseous and metallic elements. A high demand of metal ions comes from the nuclear physics, material re-search, and Super Heavy Element group (SHE), and the most requested element, besides 50Ti, is 48Ca. When this chemical reactive material is deposited inside the plasma chamber at internal components the stability can be com-promised. Furthermore, it is difficult to find a working point to guarantee a long-term stability as the oven re-sponse time and the reaction of the ECRIS are relatively slow. The monitoring by using an Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) facilitates immediate reactions when-ever plasma instabilities occur. For this reason, a real-time diagnostic system based on an OES has been in-stalled at the ECRIS at HLI for routine operation during the beam-time 2020. The measured spectra revealed a parasitic oven heating by coupled microwaves often com-promising the ion source performance. Therefore, a tung-sten grid has been installed to shield the oven orifice from the coupled microwaves. The results in terms of 48Ca beam intensity and stability are reported here.  
slides icon Slides MOZZO03 [11.434 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO03  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 18 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 08 October 2020 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2020
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MOZZO04 New Metallic Stable Ion Beams for GANIL 54
 
  • F. Lemagnen, C. Barue, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, N. Lechartier, V. Metayer, B. Osmond
    GANIL, Caen, France
 
  GANIL has been producing many stable beams for nearly 40 years. Constant progress has been made in terms of intensity, stability and reliability. The intensity for some stable metallic beams now exceeds or approaches the pµA level at an energy up to 95 MeV/u: 1.14 pµA for 36S (65% enriched) at 77 MeV/u, 0.35 pµA for 58Ni (63%) at 74 MeV/u. The presentation highlights recent results obtained for 28Si, 184W and 130Te using the GANIL ‘s LCO (Large Capacity Oven) on the ECR4 ion source. To produce the tungsten beam, two injection methods were compared. For the first one, we evaporated some tungsten trioxide (WO3) with GANIL ‘s LCO. For the second one, the injection in the plasma chamber was made by using MIVOC (Metallic Ions from VOlatile compounds) with a tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6) compound. It was the first time that we used metal carbonyl compounds and the result is promising. All the tests have been qualified to obtain the level of intensity and beam stability. Theses good results led us to propose them for Physics experiments.  
slides icon Slides MOZZO04 [4.743 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO04  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 16 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 21 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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TUWZO02
Tentative Solution to Plasma Chamber Cooling for High Power ECR Ion Source Operation  
 
  • J.W. Guo, Y.C. Feng, D. Hitz, W. Huang, J.B. Li, L.B. Li, L.X. Li, W. Lu, J.D. Ma, L.T. Sun, Y.Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • W. Huang, L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  High charge state electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) is characterized by a so-called min-B magnetic field configuration, which provokes the localized plasma over-heating to plasma chamber especially for the 3rd generation ECRISs at high power operation condition. With the increase of rf power, more plasma energy will be dumped to tiny areas and result in a very high localized power density, which is estimated to be up to 1 kW/cm2. Few existing ECR plasma chamber cooling designs can withstand such high heat fluxes. In this paper, we report a new plasma chamber cooling design with so-called Micro-channel cooling technology, which can not only realize efficient heat transfer, but also retains a small radial thickness that is beneficial for the radial magnetic field. In order to evaluate the performance of the cooling structure with micro-channel design, experimental cooling loop for high heat flux has been designed and built at IMP. Initial experiments demonstrate that optimized configuration can achieve high heat flux cooling in the range of 1 kW/cm2 and beyond. Based on these results, a plasma chamber with micro-channel design for SECRAL has been designed and tested.  
slides icon Slides TUWZO02 [9.402 MB]  
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TUWZO03 Production of Metallic Ion Beams with Inductive Heating Oven at Institute of Modern Physics 65
 
  • W. Lu, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, W. Huang, L.B. Li, L.X. Li, H.Y. Ma, J.D. Ma, C. Qian, L.T. Sun, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • W. Huang, L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • C. Qian
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  A High-Temperature Oven (HTO) with inductive heating technology has been developed successfully in 2019 at Institute of Modern Physics. This oven features durable operation temperature of >2000’ inside the tantalum susceptor. By careful design the oven structure, material compatibility and thermal stress issues at high temperature has been successfully handled, which enables the production of >400 e’A U33+ with SECRAL-II*. With necessary refinement, this type of oven could also be available with room temperature ECR ion sources, like LECR4 and LECR5. Some improvements in structure have been proposed in this year. The design and testing results will be presented in this contribution.
*W. Lu, L. T. Sun, C. Qian, L. B. Li, J. W. Guo, W. Huang, X. Z. Zhang, and H. W. Zhao, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90, 113318 (2019);
 
slides icon Slides TUWZO03 [7.369 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUWZO03  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 08 October 2021
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TUZZO02 Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Related Research and Development Work at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) 98
 
  • H.A. Koivisto, B.S. Bhaskar, A. Ikonen, T. Kalvas, S.T. Kosonen, R.J. Kronholm, M.S.P. Marttinen, O.P.I. Timonen, V. Toivanen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  • J. Angot, B.S. Bhaskar, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • L. Maunoury
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • O.A. Tarvainen
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: The work has received funding from the Academy of Finland under the Academy of Finland Project funding (No. 315855) and from University Grenoble Alps under EMERGENCE-project.
Recent research work of the JYFL ion source team covers multi-diagnostic studies of plasma instabilities, high-resolution plasma optical emission spectroscopy, ion current transient measurements to define the total life-time of a particle in the highly charged plasma. The JYFL team also elaborates the magnetic and technical design of the unconventional ion source named CUBE. The R&D work includes, in addition, the commissioning and operation of the high-performance 18 GHz ECRIS, HIISI. The instability measurements have revealed new information about the parameters affecting the onset of the plasma instabilities and shown that different instability modes exist. The ion-beam transient studies have given information about the cumulative life-time of highly-charged ions convergent with the ion temperatures deduced from the Doppler broadening of emission lines. The CUBE prototype has a minimum-B quadrupole magnetic field topology, similar to ARC-ECRIS, and its all-permanent magnet structure has been optimized for 10 GHz frequency. The CUBE design will be presented along with its commissioning status. The status and operational experience with HIISI will be reported as well.
 
slides icon Slides TUZZO02 [9.553 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO02  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 09 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 05 May 2021
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WEWZO01
Improvement of the Cryostat System Performance of 28-Ghz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source of the Biba by a Radiation Shielding  
 
  • M. Won, J.G. Hong, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park
    Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
  • S.J. Kim
    KBSI, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
 
  The BIBA (Busan Ion Beam Accelerator) is a compact linear accelerator facility using the 28 GHz ECRIS at the KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). Our goal is to generate high current fast neutrons using the heavy ion interaction with a proton target. For a stable operation of the superconducting magnets, the performance of cryostat system is very essential at the 28 GHz ECRIS. However, the emitted x-ray from inner plasma chamber contributes to increase an extra heat load to the cryostat system by absorbing the cold mass of the superconducting magnet. Therefore, we have measured X-ray spectra from the 28 GHz ECR ion source and tried to improve the performance of the Cryostat System by a radiation shielding. In this paper, we will present the test results of X-ray emission on 28GHz KBSI ECRIS and improved cooling system performance.  
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WEWZO03 High Intensity Vanadium Beam Production to Search for New Super-Heavy Element with Z = 119 118
 
  • T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
 
  We have begun searching for the new super-heavy element (SHE) with Z=119 at RIKEN Heavy Ion LINAC (RILAC). To overcome the small production cross section of vanadium (V) beam on the curium target, the project requires a very powerful V beam. In order to optimize the beam intensity of V with the charge state of 13+, we have investigated the effects of the amount of V vapor, the power of 18- and 28-GHz microwaves, and the strength of the mirror field. While no significant effect was seen by changing the mirror field Bext from 1.4 T to 1.6 T, the amount of V vapor and the microwave power strongly affected. Based on the correlation between the V-vapor and the microwave power, we obtained a 600-euA V(13+) beam with the V consumption rate of 24 mg/h and the microwave power of 2.9 kW in order to execute about 1-month SHE experiment. Furthermore, because such strong mirror field enhances the transverse beam emittance, it is important to control the emittance with small reduction of the intensity. We have successfully controlled the beam emittance by using three pairs of slits (triplet slits) in LEBT by eliminating the peripheral beam components in both of the x-x’ and y-y’ phase spaces.  
slides icon Slides WEWZO03 [2.981 MB]  
poster icon Poster WEWZO03 [13.283 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEWZO03  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 29 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 22 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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WEZZO04 Improvement of the Efficiency of the TRIUMF Charge State Booster (CSB) 160
 
  • J.A. Adegun, F. Ames, O.K. Kester
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
 
  Funding: TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC V6T2A3, Canada
The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is a versatile and reliable ion source to charge-breed rare isotopes at the TRIUMF’s Isotopes Separation and Acceleration (ISAC) facility. Significant research work has been done by different groups worldwide to improve the efficiency and performance of the ECRIS. The most recent result of these activities is the implementation of the two-frequency plasma heating. At the ISAC facility of TRIUMF, a 14.5 GHz PHOENIX booster which has been in operation since 2010 was recently upgraded to accommodate the two-frequency heating system using a single waveguide to improve its charge breeding efficiency. Besides, a program has been launched to improve and optimize the extraction of charge bred isotopes in terms of beam emittance. A detailed investigation of the effect of the two-frequency heating technique on the intensity, emittance, and the efficiency of the extracted beam is presently being conducted and the status will be presented.
 
slides icon Slides WEZZO04 [0.978 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEZZO04  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 29 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 17 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 04 February 2021
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