CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Authors (Jiang, T.Y.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOAO02	The Commissioning of a 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron CYCIAE-230	15
	C. Wang, H.R. Cai, W.F. Fu, A.L. He, M.Z. Hu, B. Ji, L.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, Y. Jia, T.Y. Jiang, J. Liu, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Z.W. Liu, X. Mu, S. Pei, G.F. Song, Q.Q. Song, F. Wang, J.Y. Wei, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, D.Z. Zhang, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng, H. Zhou, P.F. Zhu, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	There are very strong demands for proton accelera-tors in medium energy range in recent years due to the fast growth of proton therapy and the space science in China. For the applications of proton therapy and pro-ton irradiation, the energy range of proton beam is usually from 200MeV to 250MeV, or even higher for astronavigation [1]. An R&D project for constructing a 230MeV superconducting cyclotron (CYCIAE-230) has been initiated at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) since Jan 2015. In July of 2016, after the fund-ing was approved by China National Nuclear Corpora-tion (CNNC), the construction project was fully launched. In Dec 2019, the superconducting main magnet and the RF system were transferred to the new-ly built commissioning site. Then, the RF commission-ing, ion source and central region test were performed even during the pandemic in early 2020. In September 2020, after finishing the commissioning tests of all subsystems, the beam was reached the extraction channel but with very low efficiency. Since then, with more efforts on beam diagnostics, the fine tuning of the beam phase and the adjusting of the superconduct-ing coil have been proven to be useful to get higher beam extraction efficiency ~55%. In this paper, the commissioning of the key components, including the main magnet, SC coils, internal ion source and central region, extraction system, etc, as well as the commis-sioning progress of the machine CYCIAE-230 will be presented.
	Slides MOAO02 [10.305 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOAO02
About •	Received ※ 24 January 2023 — Revised ※ 25 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO001	A Real-Time Controller for Rapid Energy Degrading of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beam Production System	47
	Q.Q. Song, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, A.L. He, T.Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The energy selection system (ESS) plays an important role in a proton therapy system. Usually, it consists of an energy degrader, a set of achromatic bending magnets, an envelope collimator, and a momentum-selecting slit. In CIAE, a dedicated beam transportation line, including these essential elements, for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron has been designed and manufactured for study purposes. To reduce the layer switching time, e.g. typically within 50 milliseconds, this ESS system takes advantage of VME-based real-time controller design. On one side, this controller uses S-curve to direct drive the step motors of various actuators, this is done by an off-the-shelf embedded controller. On the other hand, it uses Data Distribution Service (DDS) communication protocol to tap into the nozzle control system network directly. In such a manner, the energy requirement can be efficiently handled and the controller is also responsible for the current regulation of the 46 magnets. The design of this high-efficiency controller will be reported in this paper, both from hardware and software aspects. Preliminary test results will also be evaluated and analyzed to direct further improvement of the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO001
About •	Received ※ 20 October 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO008	PLC Based Vacuum Control and Interlock System of the CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron Beam Line	70
	M.Z. Hu, H.R. Cai, A.L. He, S.M. Jiang, T.Y. Jiang, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, F.D. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	In the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron beam line, a vacuum system capable of providing a pressure of about 5·10^-4 Pa is required for particle beam transport. In order to provide adequate interlocking to safeguard the vacuum environment and ensure the regular transmission of particles within the beam line, a vacuum control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) has been developed and integrated into the accelerator monitoring system. The PLC not only interfaces with the quick-acting relay based on interlocking signals but also interfaces with the equipment based on Profibus communication to monitor and control various parameters in the vacuum system, such as pump speed, vacuum pressure reading, valve status, water cooling status, etc. This work presents the structure and interface logic necessary for communication with a series of valves, vacuum gauges, and molecular pump controllers. Also presented is an interface approach between vacuum control and the rest of the accelerator control system.
	Poster MOPO008 [3.051 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO008
About •	Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO012	An Embedded Beam Diagnostic Electronics for 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron Radial Probe and Scanning Wires	80
	T.Y. Jiang, P. Liu, X. Mu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	For the 230MeV superconducting cyclotron, once again, the differential radial probe has been proven to be crucial for the beam commission procedure. It can provide various information about the particles inside the cyclotron, such as the vertical position, the relative intensity as well as the oscillation frequency and radius, etc. In practice, however, the electronics system suffered from the leaking alternating RF field as well as the static magnetic field. Besides the EM shielding, an absorptive high-frequency filter has been included as the first element of the readout electronics. A high dynamic range readout electronic unit has been included to adapt to the fluctuation of the beam in the hole commissioning phase. The electronics box is designed as a network-attached embedded device so that it can be powered by a POE switch and transmits measurement results via MODBUS protocol. A dedicated digital signal processor and calibration units are also included, together with the ADCs, to facilitate the daily calibration process. The same electronics are used for the beamline wire scan system to determine the position of the beam, with a small improvement at a lower range. The design of this multi-purpose beam diagnostics electronics will be reviewed in this paper, together with several measurement results. zhiguoyin@ciae.ac.cn
	Poster MOPO012 [0.721 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO012
About •	Received ※ 01 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO016	Control of Cyclotron Vertical Deflector for Proton Therapy	95
	F.D. Yang, T.Y. Jiang, X. Mu, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China X.L. Fu TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has designed a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230 to enhance the domestic development of proton therapy. A research program on the beamline and experimental stations for the proton therapy and the space science was launched by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The modern therapy methodology often requires rapid beam modulation on both the beam energy and the intensity. In this scenario, a vertical deflector is designed and installed in the cyclotron’s central region. Applying a high-voltage electric field between the two plates can quickly adjust the intensity of the low-energy beam. Nevertheless, the voltage applied is nonlinear to the beam intensity. According to this requirement, a homemade controller for the vertical deflector is designed. Since the beam loss caused by the energy degrader is also nonlinear, this controller can compensate for the beam loss caused by energy modulation. To realize real-time control, the controller combines Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Process (DSP) as its control scheme design. Carried out by the DSP by interpolating the lookup table data, a feed-forward regulation is also designed to take care of the nonlinear compensation for the beam loss on the energy degrader. In the meantime, an ionized chamber provides feedback readings of the intensity just before the nozzle. A PID algorithm is also included by using FPGA, to archive the feedback control of the vertical deflector.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO016
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 May 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

The Commissioning of a 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron CYCIAE-230

15

C. Wang, H.R. Cai, W.F. Fu, A.L. He, M.Z. Hu, B. Ji, L.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, Y. Jia, T.Y. Jiang, J. Liu, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Z.W. Liu, X. Mu, S. Pei, G.F. Song, Q.Q. Song, F. Wang, J.Y. Wei, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, D.Z. Zhang, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng, H. Zhou, P.F. Zhu, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

There are very strong demands for proton accelera-tors in medium energy range in recent years due to the fast growth of proton therapy and the space science in China. For the applications of proton therapy and pro-ton irradiation, the energy range of proton beam is usually from 200MeV to 250MeV, or even higher for astronavigation [1]. An R&D project for constructing a 230MeV superconducting cyclotron (CYCIAE-230) has been initiated at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) since Jan 2015. In July of 2016, after the fund-ing was approved by China National Nuclear Corpora-tion (CNNC), the construction project was fully launched. In Dec 2019, the superconducting main magnet and the RF system were transferred to the new-ly built commissioning site. Then, the RF commission-ing, ion source and central region test were performed even during the pandemic in early 2020. In September 2020, after finishing the commissioning tests of all subsystems, the beam was reached the extraction channel but with very low efficiency. Since then, with more efforts on beam diagnostics, the fine tuning of the beam phase and the adjusting of the superconduct-ing coil have been proven to be useful to get higher beam extraction efficiency ~55%. In this paper, the commissioning of the key components, including the main magnet, SC coils, internal ion source and central region, extraction system, etc, as well as the commis-sioning progress of the machine CYCIAE-230 will be presented.

Slides MOAO02 [10.305 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOAO02

About •

Received ※ 24 January 2023 — Revised ※ 25 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO001

A Real-Time Controller for Rapid Energy Degrading of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beam Production System

47

Q.Q. Song, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, A.L. He, T.Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The energy selection system (ESS) plays an important role in a proton therapy system. Usually, it consists of an energy degrader, a set of achromatic bending magnets, an envelope collimator, and a momentum-selecting slit. In CIAE, a dedicated beam transportation line, including these essential elements, for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron has been designed and manufactured for study purposes. To reduce the layer switching time, e.g. typically within 50 milliseconds, this ESS system takes advantage of VME-based real-time controller design. On one side, this controller uses S-curve to direct drive the step motors of various actuators, this is done by an off-the-shelf embedded controller. On the other hand, it uses Data Distribution Service (DDS) communication protocol to tap into the nozzle control system network directly. In such a manner, the energy requirement can be efficiently handled and the controller is also responsible for the current regulation of the 46 magnets. The design of this high-efficiency controller will be reported in this paper, both from hardware and software aspects. Preliminary test results will also be evaluated and analyzed to direct further improvement of the system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO001

About •

Received ※ 20 October 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO008

PLC Based Vacuum Control and Interlock System of the CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron Beam Line

70

M.Z. Hu, H.R. Cai, A.L. He, S.M. Jiang, T.Y. Jiang, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, F.D. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

In the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron beam line, a vacuum system capable of providing a pressure of about 5·10^-4 Pa is required for particle beam transport. In order to provide adequate interlocking to safeguard the vacuum environment and ensure the regular transmission of particles within the beam line, a vacuum control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) has been developed and integrated into the accelerator monitoring system. The PLC not only interfaces with the quick-acting relay based on interlocking signals but also interfaces with the equipment based on Profibus communication to monitor and control various parameters in the vacuum system, such as pump speed, vacuum pressure reading, valve status, water cooling status, etc. This work presents the structure and interface logic necessary for communication with a series of valves, vacuum gauges, and molecular pump controllers. Also presented is an interface approach between vacuum control and the rest of the accelerator control system.

Poster MOPO008 [3.051 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO008

About •

Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO012

An Embedded Beam Diagnostic Electronics for 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron Radial Probe and Scanning Wires

80

T.Y. Jiang, P. Liu, X. Mu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

For the 230MeV superconducting cyclotron, once again, the differential radial probe has been proven to be crucial for the beam commission procedure. It can provide various information about the particles inside the cyclotron, such as the vertical position, the relative intensity as well as the oscillation frequency and radius, etc. In practice, however, the electronics system suffered from the leaking alternating RF field as well as the static magnetic field. Besides the EM shielding, an absorptive high-frequency filter has been included as the first element of the readout electronics. A high dynamic range readout electronic unit has been included to adapt to the fluctuation of the beam in the hole commissioning phase. The electronics box is designed as a network-attached embedded device so that it can be powered by a POE switch and transmits measurement results via MODBUS protocol. A dedicated digital signal processor and calibration units are also included, together with the ADCs, to facilitate the daily calibration process. The same electronics are used for the beamline wire scan system to determine the position of the beam, with a small improvement at a lower range. The design of this multi-purpose beam diagnostics electronics will be reviewed in this paper, together with several measurement results.
zhiguoyin@ciae.ac.cn

Poster MOPO012 [0.721 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO012

About •

Received ※ 01 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO016

Control of Cyclotron Vertical Deflector for Proton Therapy

95

F.D. Yang, T.Y. Jiang, X. Mu, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.L. Fu
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has designed a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230 to enhance the domestic development of proton therapy. A research program on the beamline and experimental stations for the proton therapy and the space science was launched by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The modern therapy methodology often requires rapid beam modulation on both the beam energy and the intensity. In this scenario, a vertical deflector is designed and installed in the cyclotron’s central region. Applying a high-voltage electric field between the two plates can quickly adjust the intensity of the low-energy beam. Nevertheless, the voltage applied is nonlinear to the beam intensity. According to this requirement, a homemade controller for the vertical deflector is designed. Since the beam loss caused by the energy degrader is also nonlinear, this controller can compensate for the beam loss caused by energy modulation. To realize real-time control, the controller combines Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Process (DSP) as its control scheme design. Carried out by the DSP by interpolating the lookup table data, a feed-forward regulation is also designed to take care of the nonlinear compensation for the beam loss on the energy degrader. In the meantime, an ionized chamber provides feedback readings of the intensity just before the nozzle. A PID algorithm is also included by using FPGA, to archive the feedback control of the vertical deflector.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO016

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 May 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)