Multipacting Analysis of the Quadripolar Resonator (QPR) at HZB
42
S. Bira, D. Longuevergne
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Y. Kalboussi
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler
HZB, Berlin, Germany
Th. Proslier
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
Multipacting (MP) is a resonating electron discharge, often plaguing radio-frequency (RF) structures, produced by the synchronization of emitted electrons with the RF fields and the electron multiplication at the impact point with the surface structure. The electron multiplication can take place only if the secondary emission yield (SEY, i.e. the number of electrons emitted due to the impact of one incoming electron), , is higher than 1. The SEY value depends strongly on the material and the surface contamination. Multipacting simulations are crucial in high-frenquency (HF) vacuum structures to localize and potentially improve the geometry. In this work, multipacting simulations were carried out on the geometry of the Quadrupole Resonator (QPR) in operation at HZB using the Spark 3D module in Microwave Studio suite (CST). These simulations helped to understand a particular behavior observed during the QPR tests, and furthermore made it possible to suggest enhancement ways in order to limit this phenomenon and facilitate its operation.
D.B. Tikhonov, S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler
HZB, Berlin, Germany
E. Chyhyrynets, C. Pira
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
S.B. Leith, M. Vogel
University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Funding:The manufacture of the QPR samples received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730871 The systematic study of multilayer SIS films (Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor) is being conducted in Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. Such films theoretically should boost the performance of superconducting cavities, and reduce some problems related to bulk Nb such as magnetic flux trapping. Up to now such films have been presented in theory, but the RF performance of those structures have not been widely studied. In this contribution we present the results of the latest tests of AlN-NbN films, deposited on micrometers-thick Nb layers on copper. It has, also, been shown previously at HZB that such SIS films may show some unexpected behavior in surface resistance versus temperature parameter space. In this contribution we continue to investigate those effects with the variation of different parameters of films (such as insulator thickness) and production recipes.
The Development of HiPIMS Multilayer SIS Film Coatings on Copper for SRF Applications
86
S.B. Leith, X. Jiang, A.Ö. Sezgin, M. Vogel
University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
B. Butz, Y. Li, J. Müller
MNaF, Siegen, Germany
S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, D.B. Tikhonov
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
R. Ries, E. Seiler
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Funding:Authors acknowledge both the EASITrain, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN), Grant Agreement no. 764879 and the ARIES collaboration, Grant Agreement no. 730871 In recent years, the use of alternatives to bulk Nb in the fabrication of SRF cavities, including novel materials and/or fabrication techniques, have been extensively explored by the SRF community. One of these new methodologies is the use of a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) multilayer structure. Typically, these have been envisaged for use with bulk Nb cavities. However, it is conceivable to combine the benefits of SIS structures with the benefits of coated Cu cavities. It is also clear that the use of energetic deposition techniques such as high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), provide significant benefits over typical DC magnetron sputtering (MS) coatings, in terms of SRF performance. In light of this, two series of multilayer SIS film coatings, with a Nb-AlN-NbN structure, were deposited onto electropolished OFHC Cu samples, with the use of HiPIMS, in order to determine the efficacy of this approach. This contribution details the development of these coatings and the required optimization of the coating parameters of the separate material systems, through the use of multiple material and superconducting characterization techniques.
Synchrotron XPS Study of Niobium Treated with Nitrogen Infusion
211
A.L. Prudnikava, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, Y. Tamashevich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
V. Aristov, O. Molodtsova
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Babenkov
LIDYL, Gif sur Yvette, France
A. Makarova
FUB, Berlin, Germany
D. Smirnov
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Processing of niobium cavities with the so-called ni-trogen infusion treatment demonstrates the improve-ment of efficiency and no degradation of maximal accelerating gradients. However, the chemical compo-sition of the niobium surface and especially the role of nitrogen gas in this treatment has been the topic of many debates. While our study of the infused niobium using synchrotron X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed modification of the surface sub-oxides surprisingly there was no evidence of nitrogen con-centration build up during the 120°C baking step, irre-spectively of N2 supply. Noteworthy, that the niobium contamination with carbon and nitrogen took place during a prolonged high-temperature anneal even in a high vacuum condition (10-8-10-9 mbar). Evidently, the amount of such contamination appears to play a key role in the final cavity performance
RF Conditioning of 120 kW CW 1.3 GHz High Power Couplers for the bERLinPro Energy Recovery Linac
216
A. Neumann, W. Anders, A. Frahm, F. Göbel, A. Heugel, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, M. Schuster, Y. Tamashevich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
Funding:The work is funded by the Helmholtz-Association, BMBF, the state of Berlin and HZB. This year, the commissioning of the 50 MeV, 100 mA bERLinPro Energy Recovery Linac test facility [1] will resume. For the Booster cryo-module of the injector line, operated with three modified 1.3 GHz Cornell style 2-cell SRF cavities, a new type of power coupler was developed, based on KEK’s C-ERL injector coupler. Modifications were made for a stronger coupling and lower emittance diluting coupler tip variant, a so-called "Golf Tee" shape and the cooling concept was redesigned based on KEK’s first experiences. For the final stage, the injector needs to deliver a low emittance beam of 100 mA average beam current at 6.5 MeV. That results in a traveling and continuous wave forward power requirement of up to 120 kW each of the twin setup feeding one Booster cavity. In this contribution we will give a short overview of the RF design and its impact on the beam’s emittance, give an overview of the conditioning teststand and the results achieved with the first pairs of couplers. [1] M. Abo-Bakr et al., in Proc. 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’18), Vancouver, BC, Canada, Apr. 4,, pp. 4127-4130, doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF034
The VSR Demo Module Design – A Spaceframe-Based Module for Cavities with Warm Waveguide HOM Absorbers
233
F. Glöckner, D. Böhlick, M. Bürger, V. Dürr, A. Frahm, J. Knobloch, F. Pflocksch, A. Veléz, D. Wolk, N. Wunderer
HZB, Berlin, Germany
The VSR (Variable pulse length Storage Ring) demo module is a prototype for the superconducting upgrade of HZB’s Bessy II. The module houses two 1.5 GHz superconducting cavities operated at 1.8 K in continuous wave (CW) mode. Each cavity has five water cooled Waveguide HOM Absorbers with high thermal load (450 W), which requires them to be water cooled. This setup introduces several design challenges, concerning space restriction, the interconnection of warm and cold parts and the alignment. In order to provide support and steady alignment an innovative space frame was designed. The transition from cold to warm over the partially superconducting waveguides made a more complex design for shielding and cooling system necessary. With the design close to completion, we are now entering the purchase phase.
F. Kramer, S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
With modern superconducting cavities flux trapping is a limiting factor for the achievable quality factor. Flux trapping is influenced by various parameters such as geometry, material, and cooldown dynamics. At SRF2019 we presented data showing the magnetic field surrounding a cavity. We now present supplemental simulations for this data focusing on geometric effects. As these simulations are inconclusive, we have designed a new setup to measure trapped flux in superconducting samples which is presented as well. The advantages compared to a cavity test are the simpler sample geometry, and quicker sample production, as well as shorter measurement times. With this setup we hope to identify fundamental mechanisms of flux trapping, including geometry effects, different materials, and different treatments. First results are presented along with the setup itself.
A Superconducting Magnetic Shield for SRF Modules with Strong Magnetic Field Sources
637
J. Völker, A. Frahm, S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, A.N. Matveenko, A. Neumann, H. Plötz, Y. Tamashevich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Frequently SRF modules require strong focusing magnets close to SRF cavities. The shielding of those magnetic fields to avoid flux trapping, for example during a quench, is a challenge. At HZB, the bERLinPro photo-injector module includes a 1.4 cell SRF cavity placed in close proximity to a superconducting (SC) focusing solenoid. At full solenoid operation, parts of the double mu-metal shield are expected to saturate. To prevent saturation, we developed a new superconducting Meissner-Shield. Several tests of different designs were performed both in the injector module and in the HoBiCaT test facility. The measured results of the final design show a significant shielding that are in good agreement with calculations. Based on these results, a reduction of the magnetic flux density in the mu-metal shields of almost one order of magnitude is expected The design has now been incorporated in the injector module. In this paper we will present the design, the setup and results of the final testing of the superconducting shield.
VSR Demo Cold String: Recent Developments and Manufacturing Status
647
N. Wunderer, V. Dürr, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Glöckner, J. Knobloch, E. Sharples-Milne, A.V. Tsakanian, A. Veléz
HZB, Berlin, Germany
M. Bonezzi, A. D’Ambros, R. Paparella
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
J. Guo, J. Henry, R.A. Rimmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
A. Veléz
Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
The BESSY VSR project aims to demonstrate the possibility to simultaneously run both long (15ps) and short bunches (1.7ps) within BESSY II storage ring. To achieve this, a new SRF cavity system with higher harmonic cavities (3 and 3.5 harm.) needs to be installed. The combined cavity SRF beating allows for stable bunch shortening for half of the buckets while standard lengths remaining for the other half. These SRF cavities will be equipped with waveguide-connected HOM absorbers and will be controlled with a blade tuner plus piezos. To demonstrate the feasibility of this complex system the VSR DEMO cold string consists of two 1.5 GHz cavities, each featuring five waveguides and a higher power coupler, plus all interconnecting elements coupled to the beam vacuum. For most of these components the fundamental development work is completed and has been reported in the past. This paper summarizes recent enhancements, component detailing and manufacturing status. The key cold string components such as cavities, higher power couplers and blade tuners have already entered the manufacturing phase. All other cold string components will be ready for purchase at the latest beginning of 2022.
The 1.5 GHz Coupler for VSR DEMO: Final Design Studies, Fabrication Status and Initial Testing Plans
652
E. Sharples-Milne, V. Dürr, J. Knobloch, S. Schendler, A. Veléz, N. Wunderer
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
A. Veléz
Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
The variable pulse length storage ring demo (VSR DEMO) is a research and development project at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) to develop and validate a 1.5 GHz SRF system capable of accelerating high CW currents (up to 300 mA) at high accelerating fields (20 MV/m) for application in electron storage rings. Such a system can be employed to tailor the bunch length in synchrotron light source such as BESSY II. VSR DEMO requires a module equipped with two 1.5 GHz 4-cell SRF cavities and all ancillary components required for accelerator operations. This includes one 1.5 GHz fundamental power coupler (FPC) per cavity, designed to handle 16 kW peak and 1.5 kW average power. The final design studies, fabrication status and initial testing plans for these FPCs will be presented.
Y. Tamashevich, A. Frahm, F. Göbel, S. Heling, A. Hellwig, K. Janke, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, A.N. Matveenko, A. Neumann, H. Plötz, A.L. Prudnikava, S. Rotterdam, M. Schuster, J. Ullrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
Two niobium elliptical 1.3 GHz SRF electron photoinjector cavities were successfully recovered after mechanical inner surface damage. Both injector cavities had deep imprints in critical high surface electric field area around the photoelectric cathode position. The repairing procedure, consisting of surface inspection, mechanical polishing and light chemical etching is described in detail. Subsequent cold RF tests demonstrate complete performance recovery.
Industrial X-Ray Tomographie as a Tool for Shape and Integrity Control of SRF Cavities
725
H.-W. Glock, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, A. Veléz
HZB, Berlin, Germany
Industrial X-ray tomography offers the possibility to capture the entire inner and outer shape of an SRF cavity, providing also insights in weld quality and material defects. As a non-contact method this is especially attractive to investigate shape properties of fully processed and closed cavities. A drawback is the inherently strong X-ray damping of niobium, which causes the demand for intense hard X-rays, typically beyond the capabilities of dc-X-ray-tubes. This also limits the accuracy of material borders found by the tomographic inversion. To illustrate both capabilities and limitations, results of X-ray tomography investigations using three different cavities are reported, also describing the fundamental parameters and the hard- and software demands of the technology. We also discuss the non-trivial transferring of tomography data into RF simulation tools.
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