SAP2023 - List of Authors (Bian, T.J.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOIBA01	Research on Beam Dynamics of a 2 GeV 6 MW Isochronous FFA	4
	T.J. Zhang, T.J. Bian, Z.C. Chu, W. Fu, H. Le, J.Y. Liu, S. Pei, C. Wang, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Z.Y. Yin FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China under Grant 12135020. CIAE has proposed an innovative design for a 2 GeV/6 MW isochronous FFA in 2019. This study aims to present the results of beam dynamics research, demonstrating the feasibility to accelerate the intense proton beam with the energy beyond 1 GeV limitation of isochronous cyclotrons. By introducing 1st - 3rd radial gradient of peak magnetic field to simulate the quadrupole to octupole component of the isochronous machine, three different lattice designs are obtained. Adjusting the radial gradient of the peak field allows an option to avoid or cross integer resonances. Various inherent and coupled resonances are investigated subsequently, with a focus on the destructive effects of the Vr=3 on the transverse phase space. Based on PIC method, we simulate the vortex motion caused by space charge in a large-scale alternating gradient field. Results indicated that the radial size of beam is ~ 10 mm, which is expected to be improved after considering the effects of neighboring bunches. Additionally, high-Q RF cavities and precession extraction further enlarge the turn separation to 30 mm, ensuring efficient beam extraction in the extraction region.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-MOIBA01
About •	Received ※ 30 June 2023 — Revised ※ 08 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 July 2023 — Issued ※ 02 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCYA01	Study of the Key Physics Problems in 10mA-class High Current Cyclotron	9
	T.J. Bian, S. An, F.P. Guan, L.Y. Ji, S.M. Wei CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12105370) and the Scientific Research Program for Young Talent Elite Project of China National Nuclear Corporation (Grant No. FY212406000404). Proton beam with an average current of 10mA has many important applications in particle physics towards the intensity frontier, as well as in the advanced energy and material science. At present, superconducting linac is the mainstream of high current accelerator. As cyclotron has advantages of continuous beam structure, high beam/grid efficiency(60%~65% can be expected in superconducting ring cyclotron) and lower cost, cyclotron is also a potential candidate for future accelerator scheme with beam current of 10mA-class. Firstly, we will discuss the application prospect and motivation of 10mA-class high power cyclotron(10mA-HPC). Secondly, the key physics problems of 10mA-HPC are summarized, which includes strong space charge problems in low energy region, integer resonance crossing problems in high energy region and beam losses problems in extraction region. Thirdly, possible solutions for key physics problems and preliminary design of 10mA-HPC are proposed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-MOCYA01
About •	Received ※ 30 June 2023 — Revised ※ 08 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 30 May 2024
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPB005	Injection and Extraction for the BNCT High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at CIAE
	L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions. An 18 MeV, 1 mA proton cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for BNCT. An external multi-cusp ion source is used to provide the negative hydrogen beam. The beam is injected into the cyclotron by an electrostatic inflector and extracted by a carbon foil. The physical design of the injection and extraction of this cyclotron will be presented in this paper. The problems of vertical focusing in central region and envelope control of the extracted beam will be discussed.
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TUPB015	Research on First Harmonic Shimming Method of Cyclotron Based on Least Norm Square Solution	114
	J.R. Lu, S. An, T.J. Bian CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The magnetic field measurement of cyclotron and the shimming of isochronous magnetic field are one of the important links in cyclotron. Due to the influence of factors such as processing errors, installation errors, and inhomogeneity of the magnetic properties of mag-net materials, the main magnetic field of the cyclotron will usually deviate from the required isochronous magnetic field and contain a certain amplitude of the first harmonic magnetic field. The existence of the first harmonic magnetic field will rapidly increase the transverse oscillation amplitude and cyclic emittance of the particles, eventually causing beam loss. In order to improve the beam quality of the cyclotron, the shimming technology of the first harmonic magnetic field is essential. In this paper, through the finite element simulation calculation of the main magnet of the cyclotron, a quantitative algorithm for the first harmonic shimming based on the least norm square solution is proposed. At present, this method is being pre-pared for apply to the magnetic field shimming of the 10MeV high-current proton cyclotron of the CIAE.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-TUPB015
About •	Received ※ 29 June 2023 — Revised ※ 09 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 18 September 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPB017	Calibration Experiment of Equivalent Area of Induction Coil for Magnetic Field Measurement of Superconducting Cyclotron	120
	X.Y. Chen, S. An, T.J. Bian, L. Ling, J.R. Lu, F. Wang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	China Institute of Atomic Energy’s 250MeV superconducting cyclotron (CYCIAE-250) uses the induction coil method to measure the magnetic field in its airgap. To ensure the precision of magnetic field measurement, area of the induction coil needs to be calibrated. This paper designs a set of coil calibration technique based on flipping coil method. The uniform magnetic field needed for calibration is provided by a permanent magnet with good static performance, its field is measured through high-precision nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) probe. Then the induction coil will then be installed at the same position of the NMR probe. During the calibration process, induction coil is rotated 180 degrees and magnetic flux through it will be recorded by a high-speed digital integrator. Corresponding equipment is also designed to finish this task. This Paper describes this magnetic field measurement method, corresponding magnetic measurement equipment, calibration process of the induction coil and calibrated area of the coil.
	Poster TUPB017 [0.908 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-TUPB017
About •	Received ※ 10 July 2023 — Revised ※ 11 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 01 March 2024
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Research on Beam Dynamics of a 2 GeV 6 MW Isochronous FFA

4

T.J. Zhang, T.J. Bian, Z.C. Chu, W. Fu, H. Le, J.Y. Liu, S. Pei, C. Wang, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Z.Y. Yin
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China under Grant 12135020.
CIAE has proposed an innovative design for a 2 GeV/6 MW isochronous FFA in 2019. This study aims to present the results of beam dynamics research, demonstrating the feasibility to accelerate the intense proton beam with the energy beyond 1 GeV limitation of isochronous cyclotrons. By introducing 1st - 3rd radial gradient of peak magnetic field to simulate the quadrupole to octupole component of the isochronous machine, three different lattice designs are obtained. Adjusting the radial gradient of the peak field allows an option to avoid or cross integer resonances. Various inherent and coupled resonances are investigated subsequently, with a focus on the destructive effects of the Vr=3 on the transverse phase space. Based on PIC method, we simulate the vortex motion caused by space charge in a large-scale alternating gradient field. Results indicated that the radial size of beam is ~ 10 mm, which is expected to be improved after considering the effects of neighboring bunches. Additionally, high-Q RF cavities and precession extraction further enlarge the turn separation to 30 mm, ensuring efficient beam extraction in the extraction region.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-MOIBA01

About •

Received ※ 30 June 2023 — Revised ※ 08 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 July 2023 — Issued ※ 02 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCYA01

Study of the Key Physics Problems in 10mA-class High Current Cyclotron

9

T.J. Bian, S. An, F.P. Guan, L.Y. Ji, S.M. Wei
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12105370) and the Scientific Research Program for Young Talent Elite Project of China National Nuclear Corporation (Grant No. FY212406000404).
Proton beam with an average current of 10mA has many important applications in particle physics towards the intensity frontier, as well as in the advanced energy and material science. At present, superconducting linac is the mainstream of high current accelerator. As cyclotron has advantages of continuous beam structure, high beam/grid efficiency(60%~65% can be expected in superconducting ring cyclotron) and lower cost, cyclotron is also a potential candidate for future accelerator scheme with beam current of 10mA-class. Firstly, we will discuss the application prospect and motivation of 10mA-class high power cyclotron(10mA-HPC). Secondly, the key physics problems of 10mA-HPC are summarized, which includes strong space charge problems in low energy region, integer resonance crossing problems in high energy region and beam losses problems in extraction region. Thirdly, possible solutions for key physics problems and preliminary design of 10mA-HPC are proposed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-MOCYA01

About •

Received ※ 30 June 2023 — Revised ※ 08 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 30 May 2024

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPB005

Injection and Extraction for the BNCT High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at CIAE

L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions. An 18 MeV, 1 mA proton cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for BNCT. An external multi-cusp ion source is used to provide the negative hydrogen beam. The beam is injected into the cyclotron by an electrostatic inflector and extracted by a carbon foil. The physical design of the injection and extraction of this cyclotron will be presented in this paper. The problems of vertical focusing in central region and envelope control of the extracted beam will be discussed.

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPB015

Research on First Harmonic Shimming Method of Cyclotron Based on Least Norm Square Solution

114

J.R. Lu, S. An, T.J. Bian
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The magnetic field measurement of cyclotron and the shimming of isochronous magnetic field are one of the important links in cyclotron. Due to the influence of factors such as processing errors, installation errors, and inhomogeneity of the magnetic properties of mag-net materials, the main magnetic field of the cyclotron will usually deviate from the required isochronous magnetic field and contain a certain amplitude of the first harmonic magnetic field. The existence of the first harmonic magnetic field will rapidly increase the transverse oscillation amplitude and cyclic emittance of the particles, eventually causing beam loss. In order to improve the beam quality of the cyclotron, the shimming technology of the first harmonic magnetic field is essential. In this paper, through the finite element simulation calculation of the main magnet of the cyclotron, a quantitative algorithm for the first harmonic shimming based on the least norm square solution is proposed. At present, this method is being pre-pared for apply to the magnetic field shimming of the 10MeV high-current proton cyclotron of the CIAE.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-TUPB015

About •

Received ※ 29 June 2023 — Revised ※ 09 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 18 September 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPB017

Calibration Experiment of Equivalent Area of Induction Coil for Magnetic Field Measurement of Superconducting Cyclotron

120

X.Y. Chen, S. An, T.J. Bian, L. Ling, J.R. Lu, F. Wang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

China Institute of Atomic Energy’s 250MeV superconducting cyclotron (CYCIAE-250) uses the induction coil method to measure the magnetic field in its airgap. To ensure the precision of magnetic field measurement, area of the induction coil needs to be calibrated. This paper designs a set of coil calibration technique based on flipping coil method. The uniform magnetic field needed for calibration is provided by a permanent magnet with good static performance, its field is measured through high-precision nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) probe. Then the induction coil will then be installed at the same position of the NMR probe. During the calibration process, induction coil is rotated 180 degrees and magnetic flux through it will be recorded by a high-speed digital integrator. Corresponding equipment is also designed to finish this task. This Paper describes this magnetic field measurement method, corresponding magnetic measurement equipment, calibration process of the induction coil and calibrated area of the coil.

Poster TUPB017 [0.908 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SAP2023-TUPB017

About •

Received ※ 10 July 2023 — Revised ※ 11 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 July 2023 — Issued ※ 01 March 2024

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)