• R.D. Lifshitz
  Technion, Haifa
• D. Schulte
  CERN, Geneva

A system for automatic beam steering has been implemented at the CTF3 linear accelerator. Beam position readings are logged while corrector magnet strengths are scanned over a given range, thus giving a steering response measurement. Assuming linearity, a response matrix is constructed and used to automatically optimize the beam trajectory along the linac. Using a simple BPM-reading minimization for trajectory correction, this system has been tested in the 2004 CTF3 summer run. Although not in routine operation, it has already proved useful as a tool for the machine setup and operation. In this paper, the automatic steering system for the CTF3 linac is introduced, trajectory correction results are presented, and the agreement with a computer model of the machine is discussed.

• N. Malitsky, K.A. Brown, N. D'Imperio, A.V. Fedotov, J. Kewisch, A.U. Luccio, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, J. Wei
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• R.M. Talman
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York

The paper presents an interface encompassing the RHIC online ramp model and the UAL offline simulation framework. The resulting consolidated facility aims to minimize the gap between design and operational data, and to facilitate analysis of RHIC performance and future upgrades in an operational context. The interface is based on the Accelerator Description Exchange Format (ADXF), and represents a snapshot of the RHIC online model which is in turn driven by machine setpoints. This approach is also considered as an intermediate step towards integrating the AGS and RHIC modeling environments to produce a unified online and offline AGS model for operations.

• P. Lebrun, T. Sen, J. You, Z.Y. Yuan
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• E. Todesco
  CERN, Geneva

• L. Michelotti, J.-F. Ostiguy
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

We introduce CHEF, a program built on a "Collaborative Hierarchical Exploratory Framework" for doing optical calculations in accelerator physics. CHEF organizes and shares information between independent components that employ graphical user interfaces for interactive use. Among them are: a browser to display the beamline model's structure; a site viewer to show a line's geometry; phase space windows to oversee development of tracking calculations; a trace window to display the passage of a probe particle through beam position monitors; a plotter for displaying optical functions; a parser which constructs beamline models defined in MAD8 format and allows for interactive editing and debugging of the lattice files. Calculations are carried out by a hierarchy of C++ class libraries, most notably: MXYZPTLK handles automatic differentiation and differential algebra; BEAMLINE contains classes for modeling accelerator components; PHYSICS_TOOLKIT encapsulates specific calculations. Python bindings to these libraries and to CHEF's components, in conjunction with an embedded interpreter, provide a mechanism to extend and customize CHEF's functionality.

• J.-F. Ostiguy, M. Kriss, M. McCusker-Whiting, L. Michelotti
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Fermilab is a large accelerator complex with six rings and sixteen transfer beamlines operating in various modes and configurations, subject to modifications, improvements and occasional major redesign. Over the years, it became increasingly obvious that a centralized lattice repository with the ability to track revisions would be of great value. To that end, we evaluated potentially suitable revision systems, either freely available or commercial, and decided that expecting infrequent users to become fully conversant with complex revision system software was neither realistic nor practical. In this paper, we discuss technical aspects of the recently introduced FNAL Accelerator Division's Lattice Repository, whose fully web-based interface hides the complexity of Subversion, a comprehensive open source revision system. In particular we emphasize how the architecture of Subversion was a key ingredient in the technical success of the repository's implementation.

• V. Papadimitriou, T.B. Bolshakov, P. Lebrun, S. Panacek, A.J. Slaughter, A. Xiao
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Operating and improving the understanding of the Fermilab Accelerator Complex for the colliding beam experiments requires advanced software methods and tools. The Shot Data Acquisition and Analysis (SDA) has been developed to fulfill this need. Data is stored in a relational database, and is served to programs and users via Web-based tools. Summary tables are systematically generated during and after a store. These tables, the Supertable, and the Recomputed Emittances and Recomputed Intensity tables are discussed here. This information is also accesible in JAS3 (Java Analysis Studio version 3).

• C.K. Allen
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• E. Schuster
  Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

We present an optimal control strategy for beam steering where the operator can specify a variety of optimality conditions by selecting a parameter set describing an optimally steered beam. Novel approaches here include the ability to base optimality on the beam state throughout the entire beamline, rather than just at BPM locations. Moreover, we also may use the trajectory slope to base our optimality criteria. To achieve this feature we must introduce model dependency. Specifically, we predict the state of the beam from BPM measurements, the set-point of the steering magnets, and a model of beam behavior. The predictions are then used to calculate the optimum setting for steering magnets. The optimal control problem has rich mathematical structure that can be exploited and we cover some topics as they apply to accelerator systems.

ckallen@lanl.gov

• J. Beebe-Wang
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Coupling correction is essential for the operational performance of RHIC. The independence of the transverse degrees of freedom makes diagnostics and tune control easier, and it is advantageous to operate an accelerator close to the coupling resonance to minimize nearby nonlinear sidebands. An automated decoupling application has been developed at RHIC for coupling correction during routine operations. The application decouples RHIC globally by minimizing the tune separation through finding the optimal settings of two orthogonal skew quadrupole families. The program provides options of automatic, semi-automatic and manual decoupling operations. It accesses tune information from all RHIC tune measurement systems: the PLL (Phase Lock Loop), the high frequency Schottky system, and the tune meter. It also supplies tune and skew quadrupole scans, finding the minimum tune separation, display the real time results and interface with the RHIC control system. We summarize the capabilities of the decoupling application, and discuss the operational protections incorporated in the program. We also report the decoupling performances with the application during the RHIC 2005 run.

• A. Xiao, T.B. Bolshakov, P. Lebrun, E.S. McCrory, V. Papadimitriou, A.J. Slaughter
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• W. Blokland, D.J. Murphy, J.D. Purcell
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• A.V. Liyu
  RAS/INR, Moscow
• C.D. Long
  Innovative Design, Knoxville, Tennessee
• M. Sundaram
  University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The SNS diagnostics platform is PC-based running Embedded Windows XP and LabVIEW. The diagnostics instruments communicate with the control system using the Channel Access (CA) protocol of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). This paper describes the Diagnostics Group’s approach to collecting data from the instruments, processing it, and presenting live in a summarized way over the web. Effectively, adding a supervisory level to the diagnostics instruments. One application of this data mining is the "Diagnostics Status Page" that summarizes the insert-able devices, transport efficiencies, and the mode of the accelerator in a compact webpage. The displays on the webpage change automatically to show the latest and/or most interesting instruments in use.

• C. Chu, T.A. Pelaia
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Automated beam trajectory correction with dipole correctors is developed and tested during the Spallation Neutron Source warm linac commissioning periods. The application is based on the XAL Java framework with newly developed optimization tools. Also, dipole corrector polarities and strengths, and beam position monitor (BPM) polarities were checked by an orbit difference program. The on-line model is used in both the trajectory correction and the orbit difference applications. Experimental data for both applications will be presented.

• J. Galambos, A.V. Aleksandrov, C. Deibele, S. Henderson
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

To assist the beam commissioning in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac, a general purpose RF tuning application has been written to help set RF phase and amplitude. It follows the signature matching procedure described in Ref.* The method involves varying an upstream Rf cavity amplitude and phase settings and comparing the measured downstream beam phase responses to model predictions. The model input for cavity phase and amplitude calibration and for the beam energy are varied to best match observations. This scheme has advantages over other RF tuning techniques of not requiring intercepting devices (e.g. Faraday Cups), and not being restricted to a small linear response regime near the design values. The application developed here is general and can be applied to different RF structure types in the SNS linac. Example applications in the SNS Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) structures will be shown.

*T.L. Owens, M.B. Popovic, E.S. McCrory, C.W. Schmidt, L. J. Allen, "Phase Scan Signature Matching for Linac Tuning," Particle Accelerators, 1994 Vol 98, p. 169.

• M. Sundaram
  University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
• W. Blokland
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• C.D. Long
  Innovative Design, Knoxville, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of a 1.0 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The SNS diagnostics platform is PC-based and will run Windows for its OS and LabVIEW as its programming language. The diagnostics platform as well as other control systems and operator consoles use the Channel Access (CA) protocol of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) to communicate. This paper describes the tools created to evaluate the diagnostic instrument using our standard programming environment, LabVIEW. The tools are based on the LabVIEW Channel Access library and can run on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. The data-acquisition tool uses drop and drag to select process variables organized by instrument, accelerator component, or beam parameters. The data can be viewed on-line and logged to disk for later use. A drag and drop display creation tool supports the quick creation of graphical displays to visualize the data produced by the instruments without the need for programming.

• S.J. Cooke, B. Levush
  NRL, Washington, DC

We present results of a new method for fast, accurate calculation, in 3-D, of the electromagnetic mode spectrum of long, tapered accelerator structures. Instead of discretizing the entire structure directly and solving a huge matrix eigenvalue problem, we use a new two-step technique that scales much better to long, multi-cavity structures. In the first step we compute a small number of eigenmodes of individual cavities, achieving 0.05% frequency accuracy using a new second-order finite-element code. In the second step we use these 3-D mode solutions as field basis functions to obtain a reduced matrix representation of Maxwell’s equations for the complete structure. Solving the reduced system takes just a few minutes on a desktop PC even with more than 100 non-identical cavities, and gives the complete mode spectrum in the first few bands of the structure. By judicious choice of the basis modes, we retain 0.05% frequency accuracy for these global solutions, and can reconstruct the complete 3-D field of each mode in order to perform beam-interaction calculations. Solution times are faster by orders of magnitude than comparable calculations using a direct finite-element method.