IPAC2021 - Classification: MC2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators / A23 Other Linac-Based Photon Sources

Paper	Title	Page
WEPAB048	Design of an Optical Cavity for Generating Intense THz Pulse Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation	2711
	P. Wang, Y. Koshiba, T. Murakami, K. Murakoshi, K. Sakaue, Y. Tadenuma, M. Washio Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan R. Kuroda AIST, Tsukuba, Japan K. Sakaue The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan
	We have been studying terahertz (THz) generation via Cherenkov radiation with high-quality electron beams from a photocathode rf (radio frequency) gun. In our early studies, we have succeeded in the generation of coherent Cherenkov radiation by controlling the tilt of the electron beam using an rf-deflector. For further enhancement, we are planning to stack the THz pulses in an optical cavity. Multi-bunch operation of the rf-gun will generate electron beams with a repetition rate of 119 MHz, and THz pulses as well. These pulses will be accumulated in the cavity for up to 150 pulses. In this conference, we report the design study of the enhancement cavity and discuss the performance of the THz source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB048
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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WEPAB067	High Duty Cycle EUV Radiation Source Based on Inverse Compton Scattering	2748
	R. Huang, Q.K. Jia, C. Li USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Number 11805200, and National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2016YFA0401901. ICS can obtain quasi-monochromatic and directional EUV radiation via a MeV-scale energy electron beam and a micron-scale wavelength laser beam, which enables a dramatic reduction in dimension and expense of the system, and makes it an attractive technology in research, industry, medicine and homeland security. Here we describe an EUV source based on high repetition ICS system. The scheme exploits the output from the laser-electron interaction between a MW-ps laser at MHz repetition-rate and a high quality electron beam with an energy of a few MeV at MHz repetition-rate.
	Poster WEPAB067 [1.551 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB067
About •	paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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WEPAB071	Design and Construction of an Intense Terahertz-Wave Source Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation Matched to Circle Plane Wave	2751
	N. Sei, H. Ogawa AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, Y. Sumitomo, Y. Takahashi, T. Tanaka LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan T. Takahashi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI JP19H04406 and the Visiting Researchers Program of Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (R2013). National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has been studied terahertz (THz) coherent radiation in collaboration with Nihon University and Kyoto University. We have been developed a coherent transition radiation (CTR) source with macropulse power of 1 mJ using a screen monitor in the parametric X-ray line at Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA) in Nihon University. However, to obtain a THz-wave source with higher intensity, we have undertaken a development of a new THz-wave source based on coherent Cherenkov radiation (CCR) matched to circle plane wave. Bypassing an electron beam through a hollow conical dielectric having an apex angle equal to the Cherenkov angle, the wavefront of the CCR generated on the inner surface of the hollow conical dielectric matches on the basal plane. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-power beam that is easy to transport. We have already produced a hollow conical dielectric made of high-resistivity silicon and considered a position controller for the hollow conical dielectric. In this presentation, the status of the new THz-wave source will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB071
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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WEPAB072	PAX: A Plasma-Driven Attosecond X-Ray Source	2755
	C. Emma, J. Cryan, M.J. Hogan, K. Larsen, J.P. MacArthur, A. Marinelli, G.R. White, X.L. Xu SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA A.C. Fisher, R.M. Hessami, P. Musumeci UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA R. Robles Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work was also partially supported by DOE grant DESC0009914 Plasma accelerators can generate ultra high brightness electron beams which open the door to light sources with smaller physical footprint and properties unachievable with conventional accelerator technology. In this work * we show that electron beams from Plasma WakeField Accelerators (PWFAs) can generate coherent tunable soft X-ray pulses with TW peak power and duration of tens of attoseconds in a meter-length undulator. These X-ray pulses are an order of magnitude more powerful, shorter and can be produced with better stability than state-of-the-art X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The X-ray emission in this approach is driven by coherent radiation from a pre-bunched, near Mega Ampere (MA) current electron beam of attosecond duration rather than the SASE FEL process starting from noise. This approach significantly relaxes the restrictive requirements on emittance, energy spread, and pointing stability which has thus far hindered the realization of a high-gain FEL driven by a plasma accelerator. We discuss the approach and progress towards the experimental realization of this concept at the FACET-II accelerator facility. * C. Emma, X. Xu, A. Fisher, J. P. MacArthur, J. Cryan, M. J. Hogan, P. Musumeci, G. White, A. Marinelli, "Terawatt attosecond X-ray source driven by a plasma accelerator", arXiv:2011.07163 (2020)
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB072
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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WEPAB073	An Overview of the Radio-Frequency System for an Inverse Compton X-Ray Source Based on CLIC Technology	2759
	T.G. Lucas, O.J. Luiten, P.H.A. Mutsaers, X.F.D. Stragier, H.A. Van Doorn, F.M. van Setten, H.J.M. van den Heuvel, M.L.M.C. van der Sluis TUE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
	Funding: This project is financed by the "Interreg V programme Flanders-Netherlands" with financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development. Compact inverse Compton scattering X-ray sources are gaining in popularity as the future of lab-based x-ray sources. SmartLight is one such facility, under commissioning at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), which is based on high gradient X-band technology originally designed for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and its test stands located at CERN. Critical to the beam quality is the RF system which aims to deliver 10-24 MW RF pulses at repetition rates up to 1 kHz with a high amplitude and phase stability of <0.5\% and <0.65~^° allowing it to adhere to strict synchronicity conditions at the interaction point. This work overviews the design of the high power and low level RF systems for SmartLight.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB073
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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WEPAB075	Xenos: X-Ray Monte Carlo Code Suite	2766
	S. Humphries Field Precision, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
	Xenos is an integrated 3D code suite for the design of X-ray sources and electron beam devices. The component programs run under all versions of Windows. This paper describes unique features of Xenos compared to other Monte Carlo packages: 1) representation of geometry and deposited dose on a finite-element mesh supported by an interactive mesh generator, 2) inclusion of full 3D electric and magnetic fields in Monte Carlo simulations, 3) an integrated user environment for input and output calculations (e.g., electron gun design, target heating, …) and 4) extended parallel-computing support for high-accuracy solutions. Xenos employs the full capabilities of multi-core computers and allows parallel computations on an unlimited number of independent computers. * Sempau J., et.al. (2003), "Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE", Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 207, 107-123.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB075
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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WEPAB077	High Power Terahertz Cherenkov Free Electron Laser from a Waveguide with a Thin Dielectric Layer by a Near-Relativistic Electron Beam	2769
	W.W. Li, T.L. He, Z.G. He, R. Huang, Q.K. Jia, S.M. Jiang, L. Wang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705198, 11775216, 11805200) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. WK2310000082 and No. WK2310000090) Corrugated and dielectric structures have been widely used for producing accelerator based terahertz radiation source. Recently, the novel schemes of the sub-terahertz free electron laser (FEL) from a metallic waveguide with corrugated walls and a normal dielectric loaded waveguide driven by a near-relativistic (beam energy of a few MeV) picosecond electron beam were studied respectively. Such a beam is used for driving resonant modes in the waveguide, and if the pipe is long enough, the interaction of these modes with the co-propagating electron beam will result in micro-bunching and the coherent enhancement of the wakefield radiation. It offers a promising candidate for compact accelerator-based high power terahertz source which can be realized with relatively low energy and low peak-current electron beams. However the choices of the waveguide above is less effective in order to obtain high power with frequency around 1THz. In this paper, we propose to use the waveguide with a thin dielectric layer instead, and high power radiation (>~10 MW) around 1 THz is expected to obtain in the proposed structure according to the simulation results.
	Poster WEPAB077 [1.332 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB077
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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THPAB009	A Hard X-Ray Compton Source at CBETA	3765
	K.E. Deitrick, C. Franck, G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA J. Crone, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom G.A. Krafft JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA B.D. Muratori, P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom B.D. Muratori, P.H. Williams Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Inverse Compton scattering (ICS) holds the potential for future high flux, narrow bandwidth x-ray sources driven by high quality, high repetition rate electron beams. CBETA, the Cornell-BNL Energy recovery linac (ERL) Test Accelerator, is the world’s first superconducting radiofrequency multi-turn ERL, with a maximum energy of 150 MeV, capable of ICS production of x-rays above 400 keV. We present an update on the bypass design and anticipated parameters of a compact ICS source at CBETA. X-ray parameters from the CBETA ICS are compared to those of leading synchrotron radiation facilities, demonstrating that, above a few hundred keV, photon beams produced by ICS outperform those produced by undulators in term of flux and brilliance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB009
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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Paper

Title

Page

Design of an Optical Cavity for Generating Intense THz Pulse Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation

2711

P. Wang, Y. Koshiba, T. Murakami, K. Murakoshi, K. Sakaue, Y. Tadenuma, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
R. Kuroda
AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
K. Sakaue
The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan

We have been studying terahertz (THz) generation via Cherenkov radiation with high-quality electron beams from a photocathode rf (radio frequency) gun. In our early studies, we have succeeded in the generation of coherent Cherenkov radiation by controlling the tilt of the electron beam using an rf-deflector. For further enhancement, we are planning to stack the THz pulses in an optical cavity. Multi-bunch operation of the rf-gun will generate electron beams with a repetition rate of 119 MHz, and THz pulses as well. These pulses will be accumulated in the cavity for up to 150 pulses. In this conference, we report the design study of the enhancement cavity and discuss the performance of the THz source.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB048

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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WEPAB067

High Duty Cycle EUV Radiation Source Based on Inverse Compton Scattering

2748

R. Huang, Q.K. Jia, C. Li
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Number 11805200, and National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2016YFA0401901.
ICS can obtain quasi-monochromatic and directional EUV radiation via a MeV-scale energy electron beam and a micron-scale wavelength laser beam, which enables a dramatic reduction in dimension and expense of the system, and makes it an attractive technology in research, industry, medicine and homeland security. Here we describe an EUV source based on high repetition ICS system. The scheme exploits the output from the laser-electron interaction between a MW-ps laser at MHz repetition-rate and a high quality electron beam with an energy of a few MeV at MHz repetition-rate.

Poster WEPAB067 [1.551 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB067

About •

paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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WEPAB071

Design and Construction of an Intense Terahertz-Wave Source Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation Matched to Circle Plane Wave

2751

N. Sei, H. Ogawa
AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, Y. Sumitomo, Y. Takahashi, T. Tanaka
LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
T. Takahashi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI JP19H04406 and the Visiting Researchers Program of Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (R2013).
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has been studied terahertz (THz) coherent radiation in collaboration with Nihon University and Kyoto University. We have been developed a coherent transition radiation (CTR) source with macropulse power of 1 mJ using a screen monitor in the parametric X-ray line at Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA) in Nihon University. However, to obtain a THz-wave source with higher intensity, we have undertaken a development of a new THz-wave source based on coherent Cherenkov radiation (CCR) matched to circle plane wave. Bypassing an electron beam through a hollow conical dielectric having an apex angle equal to the Cherenkov angle, the wavefront of the CCR generated on the inner surface of the hollow conical dielectric matches on the basal plane. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-power beam that is easy to transport. We have already produced a hollow conical dielectric made of high-resistivity silicon and considered a position controller for the hollow conical dielectric. In this presentation, the status of the new THz-wave source will be reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB071

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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WEPAB072

PAX: A Plasma-Driven Attosecond X-Ray Source

2755

C. Emma, J. Cryan, M.J. Hogan, K. Larsen, J.P. MacArthur, A. Marinelli, G.R. White, X.L. Xu
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
A.C. Fisher, R.M. Hessami, P. Musumeci
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
R. Robles
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work was also partially supported by DOE grant DESC0009914
Plasma accelerators can generate ultra high brightness electron beams which open the door to light sources with smaller physical footprint and properties unachievable with conventional accelerator technology. In this work * we show that electron beams from Plasma WakeField Accelerators (PWFAs) can generate coherent tunable soft X-ray pulses with TW peak power and duration of tens of attoseconds in a meter-length undulator. These X-ray pulses are an order of magnitude more powerful, shorter and can be produced with better stability than state-of-the-art X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The X-ray emission in this approach is driven by coherent radiation from a pre-bunched, near Mega Ampere (MA) current electron beam of attosecond duration rather than the SASE FEL process starting from noise. This approach significantly relaxes the restrictive requirements on emittance, energy spread, and pointing stability which has thus far hindered the realization of a high-gain FEL driven by a plasma accelerator. We discuss the approach and progress towards the experimental realization of this concept at the FACET-II accelerator facility.
* C. Emma, X. Xu, A. Fisher, J. P. MacArthur, J. Cryan, M. J. Hogan, P. Musumeci, G. White, A. Marinelli, "Terawatt attosecond X-ray source driven by a plasma accelerator", arXiv:2011.07163 (2020)

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB072

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB073

An Overview of the Radio-Frequency System for an Inverse Compton X-Ray Source Based on CLIC Technology

2759

T.G. Lucas, O.J. Luiten, P.H.A. Mutsaers, X.F.D. Stragier, H.A. Van Doorn, F.M. van Setten, H.J.M. van den Heuvel, M.L.M.C. van der Sluis
TUE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Funding: This project is financed by the "Interreg V programme Flanders-Netherlands" with financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development.
Compact inverse Compton scattering X-ray sources are gaining in popularity as the future of lab-based x-ray sources. Smart*Light is one such facility, under commissioning at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), which is based on high gradient X-band technology originally designed for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and its test stands located at CERN. Critical to the beam quality is the RF system which aims to deliver 10-24 MW RF pulses at repetition rates up to 1 kHz with a high amplitude and phase stability of <0.5\% and <0.65~^° allowing it to adhere to strict synchronicity conditions at the interaction point. This work overviews the design of the high power and low level RF systems for Smart*Light.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB073

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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WEPAB075

Xenos: X-Ray Monte Carlo Code Suite

2766

S. Humphries
Field Precision, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Xenos is an integrated 3D code suite for the design of X-ray sources and electron beam devices. The component programs run under all versions of Windows. This paper describes unique features of Xenos compared to other Monte Carlo packages: 1) representation of geometry and deposited dose on a finite-element mesh supported by an interactive mesh generator, 2) inclusion of full 3D electric and magnetic fields in Monte Carlo simulations, 3) an integrated user environment for input and output calculations (e.g., electron gun design, target heating, …) and 4) extended parallel-computing support for high-accuracy solutions. Xenos employs the full capabilities of multi-core computers and allows parallel computations on an unlimited number of independent computers.
* Sempau J., et.al. (2003), "Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE", Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 207, 107-123.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB075

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paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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WEPAB077

High Power Terahertz Cherenkov Free Electron Laser from a Waveguide with a Thin Dielectric Layer by a Near-Relativistic Electron Beam

2769

W.W. Li, T.L. He, Z.G. He, R. Huang, Q.K. Jia, S.M. Jiang, L. Wang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705198, 11775216, 11805200) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. WK2310000082 and No. WK2310000090)
Corrugated and dielectric structures have been widely used for producing accelerator based terahertz radiation source. Recently, the novel schemes of the sub-terahertz free electron laser (FEL) from a metallic waveguide with corrugated walls and a normal dielectric loaded waveguide driven by a near-relativistic (beam energy of a few MeV) picosecond electron beam were studied respectively. Such a beam is used for driving resonant modes in the waveguide, and if the pipe is long enough, the interaction of these modes with the co-propagating electron beam will result in micro-bunching and the coherent enhancement of the wakefield radiation. It offers a promising candidate for compact accelerator-based high power terahertz source which can be realized with relatively low energy and low peak-current electron beams. However the choices of the waveguide above is less effective in order to obtain high power with frequency around 1THz. In this paper, we propose to use the waveguide with a thin dielectric layer instead, and high power radiation (>~10 MW) around 1 THz is expected to obtain in the proposed structure according to the simulation results.

Poster WEPAB077 [1.332 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB077

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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THPAB009

A Hard X-Ray Compton Source at CBETA

3765

K.E. Deitrick, C. Franck, G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
J. Crone, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
G.A. Krafft
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G.A. Krafft, B. Terzić
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
B.D. Muratori, P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
B.D. Muratori, P.H. Williams
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Inverse Compton scattering (ICS) holds the potential for future high flux, narrow bandwidth x-ray sources driven by high quality, high repetition rate electron beams. CBETA, the Cornell-BNL Energy recovery linac (ERL) Test Accelerator, is the world’s first superconducting radiofrequency multi-turn ERL, with a maximum energy of 150 MeV, capable of ICS production of x-rays above 400 keV. We present an update on the bypass design and anticipated parameters of a compact ICS source at CBETA. X-ray parameters from the CBETA ICS are compared to those of leading synchrotron radiation facilities, demonstrating that, above a few hundred keV, photon beams produced by ICS outperform those produced by undulators in term of flux and brilliance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB009

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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