04 Hadron Accelerators
A12 FFAG, Cyclotrons
Paper Title Page
WEOBA03 Non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Permanent Magnet Cancer Therapy Accelerator 1923
 
  • D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Work performed under U.S. DOE Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886.
We present a design of the proton therapy accelerator from 31 MeV to 250 MeV by using racetrack lattice made of Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (NS-FFAG) arcs and two parallel straight sections. The magnets in the arcs are separated function Halbach type magnets. The dipole bending field is 2.3 T, while the Neodymium Iron Boron magnetic residual induction is Br=1.3 T. The radial orbit offsets in the NS-FFAG arcs, for the kinetic energy range between 31 MeV < Ek < 250 MeV or momentum offset range -50% < δp/p < 50%, are -11.6 mm < x max < 16.8 mm, correspondingly. The straight sections used for the cavities and single turn injection/extraction kickers and septa are with zero orbit offsets. The permanent magnets accelerator should reduce overall and operating cost. It could fit into 8 x 12 m space.
 
slides icon Slides WEOBA03 [2.789 MB]  
 
WEPS029 Innovative Superconducting Non Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Isocentric Gantry for Carbon Cancer Therapy* 2544
 
  • D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Work performed under a Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
Numbers of proton/carbon cancer therapy facilities in recent years is rising fast due to a clear advantage with respect to the other radiation therapy treatments. Cost of the ion cancer therapy is dominated by the delivery systems. An update on a design of the carbon and proton isocentric gantries is presented, using the non-scaling alternating gradient fixed field magnets (NS-FFAG). Size and weight of these magnets much smaller than any other magnets used today in cancer therapy treatment. The weight of the transport elements of the carbon isocentric gantry is estimated to be 1.5 tons to be compared to the 130 tons weight of the top-notch Heidelberg facility gantry. For the transport elements of the proton, the permanent magnet isocentric gantry is 500 kg.
 
 
WEPS069 The C70 ARRONAX and Beam Lines Status 2661
 
  • F. Poirier, F. Haddad
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  • S. Auduc, S. Girault, C. Huet, E. Mace, F. Poirier
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • J.L. Delvaux
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
 
  Funding: The cyclotron ARRONAX is supported by the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire, local authorities, the French government and the European Union.
The C70 Arronax project is a high intensity (up to 350 ·10-6 A) and high energy (70 MeV) multi-particle cyclotron aiming at R&D on material and radiolysis, and production of rare radioisotopes. The project began its hands-on phase in December 2010, and is now undergoing beam lines’ modification in experimental halls for both present and future experiments. Characterization of the beams at the end of the beam lines is of particular importance to determine the capacity of the cyclotron for the end-line experimental users. A program of beam characterization is being performed based on dedicated diagnostics, e.g. beam profilers, Faraday cups, alumina foils, and also on a series of Geant4 beam simulations. The results of the measurements, along with the simulations, are detailed in this report for proton and alpha particle beams, as well as the future prospects of the characterization program.
 
 
WEPS070 Commissioning Status of Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron 2664
 
  • C. Mallik, R.K. Bhandari
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
 
  After completing the construction of the K~500 superconducting cyclotron at Kolkata, the internal beam acceleration was accomplished in August 2009 and several tests were conducted to confirm the acceleration. Earlier the superconducting magnet using Nb-Ti superconductor with 300 litre liquid helium cryostat and 80 tonne iron was commissioned and field mapped. The radiofrequency system spanning 9-27 MHz and with three independent resonators were integrated into the machine. Some difficulties were experienced with achieving the voltage related to ceramic failures. Finally, ~50 kV on the dees have been achieved with reasonable phase stability between the three dees. The cyclotron uses a 14 GHz external ECR ion source and the beam is injected through 28 metre long injection line. Till date several beams like neon, argon, nitrogen, oxygen etc. have been accelerated mostly in analogous mode and at around 14 MHz frequency and ~32 kG field. Valuable experience has been obtained with various systems. The paper would describe the experience with different subsystems and beam acceleration experience. Presently, beam extraction is being tried and will be achieved shortly.  
 
WEPS071 High Power, High Energy Cyclotrons for Muon Antineutrino Production: the DAEdALUS Project 2667
 
  • J.R. Alonso, T. Smidt
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
 
  Neutrino physics is very much at the forefront of today's research. Large detectors installed in deep underground locations study neutrino masses, CP violation, and oscillations using neutrino-sources including long- and short-baseline beams of neutrinos from muons decaying in flight. DAEdALUS* looks at neutrinos from stopped muons, “Decay At Rest (DAR)” neutrinos. The DAR neutrino spectrum has no electron antineutrinos (nu-e-bar) (pi-minus are absorbed), so a detector with much hydrogen (water-Cherenkov or liquid scintillator) is sensitive to appearance of nu-e-bar’s oscillating from nu-mu-bar via inverse-beta-decay. Oscillations are studied using shorter baselines, less than 20 km reaching the same range as the current and planned high-energy neutrino lines at Fermilab. As the neutrino flux is not variable, nor is the energy, the baseline is varied, plans call for 3 accelerator-based neutrino sources at 1.5, 8 and 20 km with staggered beam-on cycles. Key is cost-effectively generating megawatt beams of 800 MeV protons. A superconducting ring cyclotron is being designed by L. Calabretta and his group**. This revolutionary design could find application in many ADS-related fields.
* DAEdALUS Expression of Interest, arXiv:1006.0260
** Calabretta et al., "A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector", this conference
 
 
WEPS072 A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector 2670
 
  • L.A.C. Piazza, M.M. Maggiore
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • L. Calabretta, D. Campo, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • A. Calanna
    CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
 
  Multi Megawatt accelerators are today requested for different use. In particular the experiment DAEdALUS*, recently proposed by MIT scientist to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, needs three accelerator with energy of about 800 MeV, average power of some MW and duty cycle of 20%. To reduce the cost of the accelerators a cyclotron complex consisting of an injector** and of a booster ring cyclotron has been proposed***. The booster Superconducting Ring Cyclotron, able to accelerate a H2+ molecule beam up to 800 MeV/n and average power higher than 1.6 MW, will be described. Although the average power is 1.6 MW, due to the low duty cycle, the peak power will be 8 MW. The main advantages to accelerate H2+ are a reduction of space charge effects, a simple extraction process, extraction of two beams at the same time from each booster cyclotron to simplify the beam dump. The features of the magnetic sector, of the superconducting coils and the magnetic forces evaluated by the code TOSCA are presented. The isochronous magnetic field, the beam dynamics along the injection and extraction path and during the acceleration are presented, too.
*J.Alonso etal., Novel Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector: DAEdALUS, June2010;e-Print arXiv:1006.0260.
**L.Calabretta, IPAC 2011,this conference.
***L.Calabretta, Cyclotrons 2010, Lanzhou.
 
 
WEPS073 A Low Energy Cyclotron Injector for DAEdALUS Experiment 2673
 
  • L.A.C. Piazza, M.M. Maggiore
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • L. Calabretta, D. Campo, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • A. Calanna
    CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
 
  Multi Megawatt accelerators are today requested for different use. In particular the experiment DAEdALUS*, recently proposed by MIT scientist to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, needs three accelerator with energy of about 800 MeV, average power of some MW and duty cycle of 20%. To reduce the cost of the accelerators a cyclotron complex consisting of an injector and of a booster ring cyclotron has been proposed**. The main characteristics of the new kind of a separated sector cyclotron injector able to accelerate a H2+ molecule beam up to 50 MeV/n will be presented. Due to the low duty cycle, the peak current to be accelerated is 5 mA. The problem related to the injection of a H2+ beam, delivered by a compact ion source, and to the space charge effects will be discussed. The main parameters of the magnetic sectors, RF cavities, the isochronous magnetic field and the beam dynamics along the injection and extraction path and during the acceleration will be presented, too.
* J. Alonso et al., “A Novel Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector: DAEdALUS”, June 2010. e-Print: arXiv:1006.0260
** L. Calabretta et al., ICCA, Lanzhou 2010; http://www. JACoW.org.
 
 
WEPS074 H Injection Studies of FFAG Accelerator at KURRI 2676
 
  • K. Okabe, Y. Niwa, I. Sakai
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
  • Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori, R. Nakano, B. Qin, T. Uesugi, E. Yamakawa
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
 
  Aiming to demonstrate the basic feasibility of the accelerator driven sub-critical reactor (ADSR), proton Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator complex as a neutron production driver has been constructed in Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to upgrade beam power of the FFAG neutron source, a project about a new H linac injector for FFAG main ring instead of present injector has been started. A charge exchange multi-turn beam injection has been performed for the first time at FFAG main ring in KURRI. In this paper, the detail of injection system and beam study of low energy H injection at FFAG is described.  
 
WEPS075 Induction Sector Cyclotron for Cluster Ions 2679
 
  • K. Takayama
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Adachi
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • W. Jiang
    Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
  • H. Tsutsui
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
 
  A novel scheme of a sector cyclotron to accelerate extremely heavy cluster ions, called Induction Sector Cyclotron (ISC)*, is described. Its key feature is fast induction acceleration. An ion bunch is accelerated and captured with pulse voltages generated by transformers**. The acceleration and confinement in the longitudinal direction can be independently handled. Since the transformers are energized by the switching power supply, in which turning on/off of the switching gate is maneuvered by gate signals digitally manipulated from the circulating beam signal of an ion bunch, acceleration synchronizing with the revolution of ion beam is always guaranteed. A cluster ion beam such as C-60, which so far there has been no way to repeatedly accelerate, can be accelerated from extremely low energy to high energy. The fundamental concept of ISC is introduced and beam dynamical issues such as a life time of cluster ions under strong guide fields and repeatedly exerted pulse voltages in the existence of residual molecules are addressed. In addition, the present status of R&D works on a race track-shape induction accelerating cell will be presented.
* K.Takayama et al., submitted for publication (2011).
** K.Takayama and R.J.Briggs, Chapter 11 and 12 in Induction Accelerators (Springer, 2010).
 
 
WEPS076 Straight Scaling FFAG 2682
 
  • J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, T. Planche, B. Qin, T. Uesugi, E. Yamakawa
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
  • K. Okabe
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
  • A. Sardet, R. Wasef
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
 
  Recent developments in scaling fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerators have opened new ways for lattice design, with straight sections, and insertions like dispersion suppressors. An experiment to study straight sections and dispersion suppressors is under progress at KURRI.  
 
WEPS077 Present Status of FFAG Proton Accelerator at KURRI* 2685
 
  • Y. Mori, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, R. Nakano, T. Planche, T. Uesugi, E. Yamakawa
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
  • Y. Niwa, K. Okabe, I. Sakai
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
 
  The 150MeV FFAG proton accelerator has been developed at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute(KURRI) for the fundamental study of Accelerator Driven Sub-crittical Reactor (ADSR). Recently, a new H injector was constructed to improve the beam quality and intensity. The paper will describe the detail of the preset status of FFAG proton accelerator at KURRI.  
 
WEPS078 Compact FFAG Accelerators for Medium Energy Hadron Applications 2688
 
  • B. Qin, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori, K. Okabe, T. Uesugi, E. Yamakawa
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
 
  Funding: This work was supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency under Strategic Promotion of Innovative Research and Development Program.
Medium energy hadron beams are widely applied in accelerator driven subcritical systems (ADSR), high intensity neutron sources and carbon therapy. Compactness feature is important for this energy region, especially in the case of medical use purposes. This paper introduces a novel superferric scheme with scaling fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerators, which can deliver 400MeV/u carbon ions or 1.2GeV protons. By using high permeability materials, 5T magnetic field with high field index can be achieved to reduce accelerator circumference significantly. The lattice configuration and design of superferric magnet are described in details.
 
 
WEPS079 Serpentine Acceleration in Scaling FFAG 2691
 
  • E. Yamakawa, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori, R. Nakano, T. Planche, B. Qin, T. Uesugi
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
  • K. Okabe, I. Sakai
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
 
  A serpentine acceleration in scaling FFAG accelerator has been examined. In this scheme, high-energy and high-current beam can be obtained in non-relativistic energy region. Longitudinal hamiltonian is also derived analytically.  
 
WEPS080 Development of High-quality Intense Proton Beam at the RCNP Cyclotron Facility 2694
 
  • M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, M. Kibayashi, S. Morinobu, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, H. Yamamoto, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
 
  A 2.45 GHz ECR proton source, equipped with a set of three permanent magnets, was developed to increase the intensity of a high-quality proton beam. A 15 keV proton beam with intensity of 0.6 mA was produced with a proton ratio of more than 80 %. Emittance of the proton beam with intensity of 50 to 100 micro-A in the LEBT system was around 50 pi-mm-mrad. Beam transmission, defined by the ratio of the beam intensity between a Faraday cup placed in the axial injection beam line and an inflector electrode of the AVF cyclotron, was improved from 25 % for a 70 micro-A proton beam to more than 90 % for 30 micro-A obtained by defining the injection beam with a beam slit of iris type. The result indicated that the beam transmission was limited by the acceptance of the axial injection beam line. Emittance of the 65 MeV proton beam accelerated by the K140 AVF cyclotron was a few pi-mm-mrad for beam intensity of several-micro-A. In this paper, development of the intense proton beam and evaluation of the proton beam quality will be mainly reported.  
 
WEPS081 The Study of Helium Ion FFAG Accelerator* 2697
 
  • H.L. Luo, H. Hao, X.Q. Wang, H.L. Wu, Y.C. Xu
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
 
  As helium ion source, the periodic focusing structure model of Helium ion (He+) FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient) accelerator was designed, providing He+ beam with higher beam current at a lower cost, which could be used for the study of the impact of Helium embitterment on fusion reactor envelope material. A radial sector scaling FFAG accelerator type with eight super-periods and a conventional magnetic lattice structure, a triplet focusing lattice-DFD combination, is adopted for He+ FFAG accelerator. In this paper, magnetic lattice is optimizing by analytical and numerical techniques. A large-aperture magnet is designed by using a 3D magnetic field simulation code OPERA-3D. Runge-Kutta tracking code used specifically for FFAG accelerator based on MATLAB language was used to track the particle in the magnetic field generated by OPERA-3D, followed by linear and nonlinear beam dynamics study. Some results of magnet design, particle tracking and dynamics study are presented in the article.  
 
WEPS082 Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ion Accelerator Complex in the Next Seven Years: New DC-280 Cyclotron Project 2700
 
  • G.G. Gulbekyan, S.L. Bogomolov, O.N. Borisov, S.N. Dmitriev, J. Franko, B. Gikal, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, V.I. Kazacha, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, A. Tikhomirov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  At present time four isochronous cyclotrons: U-400, U-400M, U-200 and IC-100 are in operation at the JINR FLNR. Total operation time is about 10000 hours per year. The U400M is a primary beam generator and U400 is as postaccelerator in RIB (DRIBs) experiments to produce and accelerate exotic nuclides such as 6He, 8He etc. One of the basic scientific programs which are carried out in FLNR - synthesis of new elements which demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long term experiments on Ca 48 beams with intensity of 1 pμA.In order to improve efficiency of the experiments for the next 7 years it is necessary to obtain the accelerated ion beams with the following parameters. Ion energy 4/8 MeV/n Masses 10/238 Beam intensity (up to A=50) 10 pμA Beam emittance less 30 π mm·mrad These parameters have underlain the project of new cyclotron DC-280.  
 
WEPS083 DC280 Cyclotron Central Region with Independent Flat-Top System 2703
 
  • I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, N.Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  At the present time, the activities on creation of the new isochronous cyclotron DC280 are carried out at the FLNR, JINR. The cyclotron DC280 is intended for accelerating the wide range of ion beams with A/Z= 4 - 7 to energy W= 4 - 8MeV/u and intensity up to 10pmcA. To achieve high-intensity ion beams the cyclotron is equipped with Flat-Top system. At the cyclotron DC280 the Flat-Top system is physically separated from main resonators. The investigation of the cyclotron centre region with independent Flat-Top is presented. The simulation of the beams acceleration is carried out by means of the computer code CENTR.  
 
WEPS085 Deveopment of the IBA-JINR Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dmitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy 2706
 
  • E. Syresin, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M. Abs, A. Blondin, P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
 
  The approval of the Dmitrovgrad project - the first Russian hospital center of the proton therapy was announced in 2010. The JINR-IBA collaboration have developed and constructed the proton cyclotron C235-V3 for this center. We plan to assemble this cyclotron in JINR in 2011 and perform tests with the extracted proton beam in 2012. This cyclotron is an essentially modified version of IBA C235 cyclotron. Modification of the extraction system is aim of new C235-V3 cyclotron. The new extraction system was constructed and tested. The experimentally measured extraction efficiency was improved from 60% for the old system to 77% for the new one. The new field mapping system was developed for the C235-V3 cyclotron. It system consists of the axial field mapping system and an additional system applied for radial field Br measurements. One of the goals of the cyclotron improvement is the modification of the sector spiral angle for reducing of coherent beam losses at acceleration. The coherent beam displacement from the median plane is defined by the vertical betatron tune Qz. An increase of the vertical betatron tune permits to reduce the coherent losses at proton acceleration.  
 
WEPS086 Three-lens Lattices for Extending the Energy Range of Non-scaling FFAGs 2709
 
  • S.J. Brooks
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  In this paper it is found that a three-quadrupole focussing system can be morphed continuously through FFD, FDF and DFF variants and back again while maintaining stable optics and even keeping the two transverse tunes constant. This relates to non-scaling FFAGs, where the magnet gradients define both the focussing and the variation of the field with momentum as the closed orbit sweeps across it. A two-lens focussing system cannot change the sign of either gradient without becoming unstable, meaning non-scaling FFAGs built with such a lattice eventually encounter too large a magnetic field at low energies. However, a theoretical system of magnet field variations using three lenses, with a potentially unlimited energy range and fixed tunes is presented here.  
 
WEPS087 Dynamics of a Novel Isochronous Non-scaling FFAG 2712
 
  • S.L. Sheehy
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  Many non-scaling FFAG accelerator designs involve magnetic fields that cannot be described in popular accelerator design codes, and complex beam dynamics that require extremely accurate simulations. A recent design of a 1 GeV isochronous non-scaling FFAG is used to compare the codes COSY Infinity and ZGOUBI, both of which are commonly used in FFAG design. Results are presented for the comparison of basic beam dynamics and calculated dynamic aperture.  
 
WEPS088 Space Charge Studies of a 1 GeV Isochronous Non-scaling FFAG Proton Driver 2715
 
  • S.L. Sheehy
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  The production of very high power proton drivers in the 10 MW range is a considerable challenge to the accelerator community. Non-scaling FFAGs have gained interest in this field, as they may be able to provide smaller, cheaper accelerators than existing options. The recent development of an isochronous non-scaling FFAG is a promising advance, but must be shown to have stable beam dynamics in the presence of space charge. Simulations of this design including space charge are presented and the implications discussed.