CERN, Geneva
HiRadMat is a new facility under construction at CERN that will provide the users with the possibility to investigate the behavior of materials when irradiated with pulsed high energy and high intensity beams extracted from the CERN SPS. The need for such a facility was raised by the LHC collimation project to bridge the gap in knowledge about the resistance of materials under impact with high energy protons. This talk will review the material parameters for which a deeper knowledge would be needed for extensive use in high energy accelerators, and the kind of test that can be conducted in HiRadMat to improve this knowledge. In particular we will discuss destructive testing, meaning test of materials beyond the limit of rupture or at phase change, and damage testing that should reveal changes in materials properties due to long term irradiation below the rupture limit. The facility could be used as well for calibration of radiation detectors like BLMs. The main difficulty connected with the test is how to observe material changes. Some preliminary ideas on on-line and post-irradiation tests will be outlined.
GSI, Darmstadt
CERN, Geneva
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real
IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region
Cylindrical targets made of solid Cu and solid C that are facially irradiated with the LHC beam, have been considered. First, the energy loss of the protons as well as the production and the transport of the secondary particles is calculated using the FLUKA code. This data is then used as input to a 2D hydrodynamic computer code, BIG2, to simulate the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic response of the target. Our simulations show that the 7 TeV/c LHC protons penetrate up to 35 m in solid Cu and 10 m in solid C during the 89 μs beam duration and the targets are severely damaged in both cases. It is interesting to note that a substantial part of the targets is converted into High Energy Density (HED) state which suggests an additional application of the LHC. To study the effects of accidents involving the SPS beam, we have also simulated the interaction of the full impact of the SPS beam with solid Cu and solid W targets. These simulations have shown that the targets are severely damaged and the beam heated region, in this case, is also converted into HED matter. These simulations could also be very useful to design the experiments for the future HiRadMat facility at CERN.
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
High energy heavy ion beams having high power that that are planned for FRIB will deliver very high power densities and will produce significant radiation damage in materials with which they interact. Reliable predictions of component life times for FRIB are needed yet the tools used to make the necessary predictions, e.g. heavy ion radiation transport codes, provide damage estimates whose levels vary significantly. Additionally there are very few appropriate data sets to validate the codes. We will present examples of components, i.e. the target and beam dump systems for FRIB, with attending predicted levels of damage obtained by transport codes and life time ramifictions. We will summarize results from an experiment to produce and to quantify damage in a controlled way. Finally, we will show examples of targets used in experiments at NSCL where damage has been observed, and will present results from transport codes to quantify the damage.
Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt
GSI, Darmstadt
ITEP, Moscow
CERN, Geneva
The planned International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will consist of a superconducting double-ring synchrotron offering ion beams of intensity increased by a factor of 100-1000 compared to the existing GSI accelerators. Assuming typical beam losses of a few percent, materials close to the beam tube will be exposed to secondary radiation of neutrons, protons, and heavier particles, limiting the lifetime and reliable function of various device components. The present study investigates the radiation hardness of insulating components with focus on polyimide as electrical insulation and “G11”-type glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) as support structure in the superconducting SIS magnets. Dedicated irradiation experiments were performed with different projectiles such as 21 and 800 MeV protons (ITEP, Russia) and various heavy ions of MeV-GeV energy (GSI, Germany). Degradation tests of irradiated materials include structural changes performed by IR spectroscopy, breakdown voltage and thermal conductivity measurements. Special attention is given to effects induced by heavy ions (e.g., Ta, Au) because they are known to create extensive damage at rather low doses.
Fermilab, Batavia
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) Neutrino Beam Facility at Fermilab will use a high energy proton beam on a solid target to produce a neutrino beam aimed at underground detectors at the DUSEL site in South Dakota. Initial proton beam power is planned to be 700 kW with upgrade capability to greater than 2 MW. Solid target survivability at such incident beam power is of great interest and an R&D program has been started to study the relevant issues. Areas of study include irradiation testing of candidate target materials at the BLIP facility at BNL, multi-physics simulations of solid target/beam interactions at RAL, autopsies of used NuMI targets, high strain rate effects in beryllium, and alternative methods of target cooling. Status and results of these studies are presented as well as a summary of planned future high power target R&D efforts.