ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOC2	A novel inductive oven design for the production of high current, metal ion beams	plasma, cyclotron, ion-source, electron	19
	D.S. Todd, J.Y. Benitez LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA
	Essential to the proposed search for element 120 at LBNL’s 88-Inch Cyclotron is the continual delivery of over a particle microamp of ⁵⁰Ti¹²⁺ for weeks-long campaigns spanning many months. The fully-superconducting ECR ion source VENUS will be the injector source for these runs, and we have developed a new inductive oven design that can survive VENUS’ high magnetic fields while injecting metallic gas into the plasma with high efficiency. The new oven employs a vertical susceptor to permit use with metals that melt before outgassing sufficiently, while also allowing a rotation of the oven’s material exit toward the plasma center for better conversion efficiency to the produced beam. The performance of VENUS with this oven has been outstanding: as reported here, 282 MeV ⁵⁰Ti¹²⁺ beams with stable currents between 1.0 and 1.5 pμA have been delivered for superheavy element searches over multiple ten-day runs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC2
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 10 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 22 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOD1	Development of deuterium-deuterium compact neutron source	plasma, neutron, vacuum, electron	23
	A. Pérez, I. Arredondo, J. Portilla, V. Etxebarria University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain A. Roldán, J. Praena UGR, Granada, Spain J. Feuchtwanger Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
	In the present work, we will present the status of the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron source that is being developed in collaboration between the University of Granada and the University of the Basque Country (Spain). Our neutron source consists of an ECR ion source which accelerates a deuteron beam towards a deuterated target. The ionization to achieve the deuterium plasma is achieved by radiating the cylindrical ERC plasma chamber with a magnetron 2.45 GHz signal and an 875 G magnetic field generated by 6 NdFeB magnets located around the plasma chamber. Moreover, a cylindrical alumina RF window is used to keep the vacuum status from the ambient pressure condition inside the WR340 and helping the plasma to ignite. Once the plasma is generated, the deuterons are extracted from the plasma chamber using a Pierce electrode geometry and three other electrostatic lenses, fixed to different negative potentials. The beam is accelerated towards copper target disk with a deuterated titanium mesh fixed to -100 kV which generates the desired neutron radiation. There are several applications of D-D neutron sources across scientific and industrial domains. In case of University of Granada and its deep relation with IFMIF-DONES neutron source, it is worthy to mention that we plan to carry out experiments for determining the cross-sections of relevant isotopes in the studies of IFMIF-DONES to a better simulation of the behaviour of such material under high neutron flux irradiation.
	Slides MOD1 [9.890 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD1
About •	Received ※ 14 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 21 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA3	A plasma based, charge state stripper for heavy ion accelerators	plasma, electron, heavy-ion, experiment	144
	G.O. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India
	The ionization of ions to a higher charge state is of central importance for the development of new Accelerator Facilities like FAIR [1], and the resulting cost savings. Currently, mainly gas and foil strippers are used for increasing the charge state even after using a high performance ECR ion source in a typical Accelerator chain. Even when the foil or/and gas stripper efficiency or lifetime has proved to be less than optimal, as these alternatives either require great effort or are practically not suitable for smooth operation in the long term. Free electrons in highly ionized plasmas [2,3] can be effectively used for improving the charge state of heavy ions as the rates of radiative recombination of free electrons are much smaller than those of electron capture on bound electrons, which leads to a substantial increase of the effective charge in a plasma compared to a cold-gas target of the same element. Theta and Z pinch plasmas are possible options which have been explored and experimentally studied at IAP, Frankfurt, Germany [4]. Typical electron line densities required to be achieved are in the range of 10¹⁶ to 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ and electron temperatures of the order of few tens of eV are found to be very favourable as per modelling with the FLYCHK code [5], but also extremely challenging. Such a plasma device, the challenges to be overcome, together with their design details will be presented. [1] https://fair-center.eu/ [2] E. Nardi and Z. Zinamon, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 49, p. 1251, 1982. [3] T. Peter and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, “Energy loss of heavy ions in dense plasma. II. Nonequilibrium charge states and stopping powers”, Phys. Rev. A, vol. 43, pp. 2015–2030, 1991. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.43.2015 [4] C. Teske, J. Jacoby, F. Senzel, W. Schweizer, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 17, p. 043501, 2010. [5] FLYCHK code: www-amdis.iaea.org
	Slides WEA3 [5.462 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA3
About •	Received ※ 28 March 2025 — Revised ※ 26 May 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2025 — Issued ※ 30 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOC2

A novel inductive oven design for the production of high current, metal ion beams

plasma, cyclotron, ion-source, electron

19

D.S. Todd, J.Y. Benitez
LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA

Essential to the proposed search for element 120 at LBNL’s 88-Inch Cyclotron is the continual delivery of over a particle microamp of ⁵⁰Ti¹²⁺ for weeks-long campaigns spanning many months. The fully-superconducting ECR ion source VENUS will be the injector source for these runs, and we have developed a new inductive oven design that can survive VENUS’ high magnetic fields while injecting metallic gas into the plasma with high efficiency. The new oven employs a vertical susceptor to permit use with metals that melt before outgassing sufficiently, while also allowing a rotation of the oven’s material exit toward the plasma center for better conversion efficiency to the produced beam. The performance of VENUS with this oven has been outstanding: as reported here, 282 MeV ⁵⁰Ti¹²⁺ beams with stable currents between 1.0 and 1.5 pμA have been delivered for superheavy element searches over multiple ten-day runs.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC2

About •

Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 10 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 22 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOD1

Development of deuterium-deuterium compact neutron source

plasma, neutron, vacuum, electron

23

A. Pérez, I. Arredondo, J. Portilla, V. Etxebarria
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
A. Roldán, J. Praena
UGR, Granada, Spain
J. Feuchtwanger
Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain

In the present work, we will present the status of the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron source that is being developed in collaboration between the University of Granada and the University of the Basque Country (Spain). Our neutron source consists of an ECR ion source which accelerates a deuteron beam towards a deuterated target. The ionization to achieve the deuterium plasma is achieved by radiating the cylindrical ERC plasma chamber with a magnetron 2.45 GHz signal and an 875 G magnetic field generated by 6 NdFeB magnets located around the plasma chamber. Moreover, a cylindrical alumina RF window is used to keep the vacuum status from the ambient pressure condition inside the WR340 and helping the plasma to ignite. Once the plasma is generated, the deuterons are extracted from the plasma chamber using a Pierce electrode geometry and three other electrostatic lenses, fixed to different negative potentials. The beam is accelerated towards copper target disk with a deuterated titanium mesh fixed to -100 kV which generates the desired neutron radiation. There are several applications of D-D neutron sources across scientific and industrial domains. In case of University of Granada and its deep relation with IFMIF-DONES neutron source, it is worthy to mention that we plan to carry out experiments for determining the cross-sections of relevant isotopes in the studies of IFMIF-DONES to a better simulation of the behaviour of such material under high neutron flux irradiation.

Slides MOD1 [9.890 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD1

About •

Received ※ 14 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 21 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA3

A plasma based, charge state stripper for heavy ion accelerators

plasma, electron, heavy-ion, experiment

144

G.O. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India

The ionization of ions to a higher charge state is of central importance for the development of new Accelerator Facilities like FAIR [1], and the resulting cost savings. Currently, mainly gas and foil strippers are used for increasing the charge state even after using a high performance ECR ion source in a typical Accelerator chain. Even when the foil or/and gas stripper efficiency or lifetime has proved to be less than optimal, as these alternatives either require great effort or are practically not suitable for smooth operation in the long term. Free electrons in highly ionized plasmas [2,3] can be effectively used for improving the charge state of heavy ions as the rates of radiative recombination of free electrons are much smaller than those of electron capture on bound electrons, which leads to a substantial increase of the effective charge in a plasma compared to a cold-gas target of the same element. Theta and Z pinch plasmas are possible options which have been explored and experimentally studied at IAP, Frankfurt, Germany [4]. Typical electron line densities required to be achieved are in the range of 10¹⁶ to 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ and electron temperatures of the order of few tens of eV are found to be very favourable as per modelling with the FLYCHK code [5], but also extremely challenging. Such a plasma device, the challenges to be overcome, together with their design details will be presented.
[1] https://fair-center.eu/
[2] E. Nardi and Z. Zinamon, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 49, p. 1251, 1982.
[3] T. Peter and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, “Energy loss of heavy ions in dense plasma. II. Nonequilibrium charge states and stopping powers”, Phys. Rev. A, vol. 43, pp. 2015–2030, 1991. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.43.2015
[4] C. Teske, J. Jacoby, F. Senzel, W. Schweizer, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 17, p. 043501, 2010.
[5] FLYCHK code: www-amdis.iaea.org

Slides WEA3 [5.462 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEA3

About •

Received ※ 28 March 2025 — Revised ※ 26 May 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2025 — Issued ※ 30 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)