IPAC2015 - List of Authors (Nordt, A.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPTY044	Machine Protection Systems and their Impact on Beam Availability and Accelerator Reliability	1029
	R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden E. Adli University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
	Over the last decades, the complexity and performance levels of machine protection have developed. The level of reliability and availability analysis prior to operation differs between facilities, just as the pragmatic changes of the machine protection during operation. This paper studies the experience and development of machine protection for some of the state of the art proton and ion accelerators, and how it relates to reducing damage to and downtime of the machine. The findings are discussed and categorized, with emphasis on proton accelerators. The paper is concluded with some recommendations for a future high power linear proton accelerator.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY044
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MOPTY045	ESS Availability and Reliability Approach	1033
	E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY045
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MOPTY046	Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source	1036
	S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY046
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MOPTY048	Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS	1042
	A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Hilbes ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland
	The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY048
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MOPTY050	Design, Development and Implementation of a Highly Dependable Magnet Powering Interlock System for ESS	1045
	M. Zaera-Sanz, S.L. Birch, A. Monera Martinez, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Approximately 350 resistive magnets and 350 power supplies (PS) will be installed in the 600 m long linear accelerator (LINAC) at ESS, transporting the proton beam from the source to the target station. In order to protect this equipment from damage (e.g. due to overheating) and to take the appropriate actions required to minimise recovery time, a dedicated magnet powering interlock system is being designed. The magnet powering interlock system will safely switch off a PS upon the detection of an internal magnet or PS failure and inform the beam interlock system to inhibit further beam operation. The different failure modes and related mitigation techniques of magnets and their PS will be presented. Failures of the magnet cooling system can be detected for example by interlocking the opening of a thermo-switch or a flow-switch. To achieve the required level of dependability, an interlock system based on safety PLC technology, distributed safety PLC software programming tools, PROFINET fieldbus networking, and current loops for hardwired interlock signal exchanges, has been prototyped and will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY050
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WEPMN061	ESS PLC Controls Strategy	3066
	D.P. Piso, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, T. Gahl, T. Korhonen, A. Nordt, J.G. Weisend ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source ESS AB is an accelerator-driven neutron spallation source. The Integrated Controls System (ICS) division is responsible for providing controls and monitoring for all parts of the machine (accelerator, target, neutron scattering systems and conventional facilities). Also, Accelerator Division, Target Division and other parts of the organisation will be deploying PLC Automation Systems. A large number of applications have been identified across all the facility where PLCs will be used: cryogenics, vacuum, water-cooling, fluid systems, power systems, and safety \& protection systems. This work describes the different activities put in place and proposes the strategy followed at ESS regarding PLC technologies. This strategy consists not only of the standardisation of a PLC vendor but also testing activities, generation of documentation and standardization of other aspects (for instance, regarding installation). The documentation about PLC controls integration and standardisation and the approach to insert PLCs in the different controls workflows are described. Finally, the results of different tests (PLC timing correlation) are shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPMN061
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Paper

Title

Page

Machine Protection Systems and their Impact on Beam Availability and Accelerator Reliability

1029

R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
E. Adli
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Over the last decades, the complexity and performance levels of machine protection have developed. The level of reliability and availability analysis prior to operation differs between facilities, just as the pragmatic changes of the machine protection during operation. This paper studies the experience and development of machine protection for some of the state of the art proton and ion accelerators, and how it relates to reducing damage to and downtime of the machine. The findings are discussed and categorized, with emphasis on proton accelerators. The paper is concluded with some recommendations for a future high power linear proton accelerator.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY044

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTY045

ESS Availability and Reliability Approach

1033

E. Bargalló, K.H. Andersen, R. Andersson, A. De Isusi, A. Nordt, E.J. Pitcher
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Reliability and availability are key metrics for achieving the scientific vision of the ESS. The approach taken to analyze and to improve these metrics in order to achieve the goals is described in this contribution. The methodology used to obtain the requirements considers not only the availability and reliability figures but also the specific needs extracted from users expectations from the neutron source in order to succeed in their experiments. A top-down requirements allocation is being developed at the same time that bottom-up reliability and availability analyses is being performed. The experiments expected at ESS and their needs in terms of neutron beam performance (reliability, availability and quality) are described as well as the tools used to analyze it. Moreover, the consequences of these analyses in the design phase are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY045

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTY046

Personnel Safety Systems for the European Spallation Source

1036

S.L. Birch, A. Nordt, D. Paulic
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Providing and assuring safe conditions for personnel is a key parameter required to operate the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ESS will be responsible for developing all of the facility personnel safety related systems. All of these systems will be developed by the Integrated Control Systems Division (ICS) and all will be designed, manufactured, commissioned and operated in accordance with the IEC61508 standard, with regard to functional safety for Electrical/Electronic and Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety related systems. This paper describes the ESS Personnel safety system’s scope, strategy, initial design requirements, and methodology but also provides an update of the system design progress so far.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY046

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTY048

Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS

1042

A. Nordt, T. Friedrich, T. Korhonen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Hilbes
ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland

The ESS proton beam power of 125MW per pulse (5MW average) will be unprecedented and its uncontrolled release could lead to serious damage of equipment within a few microseconds only. To optimize the operational efficiency of the ESS facility allowing for very high beam availability with high reliability towards the end-users, accidents should be avoided and interruptions of beam operation have to be rare and limited to a short time. Finding the right balance between efficient protection of equipment from damage and high beam availability is the key idea on which the ESS Machine Protection Strategy is being based on. Implementing and realizing the measures needed to provide the correct level of machine protection in case of a complex facility like the ESS, requires a systematic approach, which will be discussed in this paper. A method of how to derive machine protection relevant requirements and how to assure completeness of these will be outlined as well.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY048

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTY050

Design, Development and Implementation of a Highly Dependable Magnet Powering Interlock System for ESS

1045

M. Zaera-Sanz, S.L. Birch, A. Monera Martinez, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Approximately 350 resistive magnets and 350 power supplies (PS) will be installed in the 600 m long linear accelerator (LINAC) at ESS, transporting the proton beam from the source to the target station. In order to protect this equipment from damage (e.g. due to overheating) and to take the appropriate actions required to minimise recovery time, a dedicated magnet powering interlock system is being designed. The magnet powering interlock system will safely switch off a PS upon the detection of an internal magnet or PS failure and inform the beam interlock system to inhibit further beam operation. The different failure modes and related mitigation techniques of magnets and their PS will be presented. Failures of the magnet cooling system can be detected for example by interlocking the opening of a thermo-switch or a flow-switch. To achieve the required level of dependability, an interlock system based on safety PLC technology, distributed safety PLC software programming tools, PROFINET fieldbus networking, and current loops for hardwired interlock signal exchanges, has been prototyped and will be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPTY050

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPMN061

ESS PLC Controls Strategy

3066

D.P. Piso, P. Arnold, S.L. Birch, T. Gahl, T. Korhonen, A. Nordt, J.G. Weisend
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source ESS AB is an accelerator-driven neutron spallation source. The Integrated Controls System (ICS) division is responsible for providing controls and monitoring for all parts of the machine (accelerator, target, neutron scattering systems and conventional facilities). Also, Accelerator Division, Target Division and other parts of the organisation will be deploying PLC Automation Systems. A large number of applications have been identified across all the facility where PLCs will be used: cryogenics, vacuum, water-cooling, fluid systems, power systems, and safety \& protection systems. This work describes the different activities put in place and proposes the strategy followed at ESS regarding PLC technologies. This strategy consists not only of the standardisation of a PLC vendor but also testing activities, generation of documentation and standardization of other aspects (for instance, regarding installation). The documentation about PLC controls integration and standardisation and the approach to insert PLCs in the different controls workflows are described. Finally, the results of different tests (PLC timing correlation) are shown.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPMN061

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)