IPAC2012 - List of Authors (Grote, D.P.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOEPPB005	Initial Commissioning of NDCX-II	85
	S.M. Lidia, D. Arbelaez, W.G. Greenway, J.-Y. Jung, J.W. Kwan, T.M. Lipton, A. Pekedis, P.K. Roy, P.A. Seidl, J.H. Takakuwa, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Friedman, D.P. Grote, W. M. Sharp LLNL, Livermore, California, USA E.P. Gilson PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) will generate ion beam pulses for studies of Warm Dense Matter and heavy-ion-driven Inertial Fusion Energy. The machine will accelerate 20-50 nC of Li+ to 1.2-3 MeV energy, starting from a 10.9-cm alumino-silicate ion source. At the end of the accelerator the ions are focused to a sub-mm spot size onto a thin foil (planar) target. The pulse duration is compressed from ~500 ns at the source to sub-ns at the target following beam transport in a neutralizing plasma. We first describe the injector, accelerator, transport, final focus and diagnostic facilities. We then report on the results of early commissioning studies that characterize beam quality and beam transport, acceleration waveform shaping and beam current evolution. We present WARP simulation results to benchmark against the experimental measurements.

TUPPD046	Characterization of Li⁺ Alumino-Silicate Ion Source for Target Heating Experiments	1506
	P.K. Roy, W.G. Greenway, J.W. Kwan, S.M. Lidia, P.A. Seidl, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Heavy Ion Fusion Sciences (HIFS) program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will carry out warm dense matter experiments using Li⁺ ion beam with energy 1.2–3 MeV to achieve uniform heating up to 0.1–1 eV. Experiments will be done using the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) facility. The NDCX-II accelerator has been designed to use a large diameter (10.9 cm) Li⁺ doped alumino-silicate source to produce short pulses of ≈93 mA beam current. Fabrication of a lithium source is complex, it is necessary to apply a higher temperature (>1200-degC) for thermionic emission, and the beam current density of this source is ~1mA/cm² in the space-charge limited regime. Li⁺ emission is lower than the other alkaline ions sources (K⁺, Cs⁺). The lifetime of this source is roughly 50 hours, when pulsed. Characterization of an operational lithium alumino-silicate ion source, including beam emittance, is presented.

WEEPPB003	Modeling of 10 GeV-1 TeV Laser-Plasma Accelerators Using Lorentz Boosted Simulations	2172
	J.-L. Vay, E. Esarey, C.G.R. Geddes, W. Leemans, C.B. Schroeder LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA E. Cormier-Michel Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: Supported by US-DOE Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344, US-LHC program LARP, and US-DOE SciDAC program ComPASS. Modeling of laser-plasma wakefield accelerators in an optimal frame of reference [J.-L. Vay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 130405 (2007)] allows direct and efficient full-scale modeling of deeply depleted and beam loaded laser-plasma stages of 10 GeV-1 TeV (parameters not computationally accessible otherwise). This verifies the scaling of plasma accelerators to very high energies and accurately models the laser evolution and the accelerated electron beam transverse dynamics and energy spread. Over 4, 5 and 6 orders of magnitude speedup is achieved for the modeling of 10 GeV, 100 GeV and 1 TeV class stages, respectively. Agreement at the percentage level is demonstrated between simulations using different frames of reference for a 0.1 GeV class stage. Obtaining these speedups and levels of accuracy was permitted by solutions for handling data input (in particular particle and laser beams injection) and output in a relativistically boosted frame of reference, as well as mitigation of a high-frequency instability that otherwise limits effectiveness. Used resources of NERSC, supported by US-DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.

THPPP096	Recent Developments and Applications of the Beam Simulation Code Warp	3957
	J.-L. Vay, P.A. Seidl LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Friedman, D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: Supported by US-DOE Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Used resources of NERSC, supported by US-DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Particle-In-Cell Framework Warp is being developed by the Heavy Ion Fusion US program to guide the development of accelerators for high energy density experiments and ultimately for inertial fusion energy. Accurate predictions of the beam phase space are important for understanding the limits to the pulse compression, in particular for NDCX-II now under construction at LBNL. We will present a new numerical method that correct for the effects of linear correlations, offering accurate mapping of energy spread and temperature. The interaction of the beam with the neutralizing plasma can affect non linearly the phase space of the beam. We will present fully kinetic simulation of the beam/plasma interaction aimed toward a better understanding of these effects and possibilities for mitigating or exploiting them. We will also present an application of the original warped coordinate algorithm to the modeling of charge separation in the transition of a 50 MeV singly charged Uranium beam to higher charge state upon passing through a stripping foil, with the goal of decreasing the cost of a Heavy Ion Fusion driver. We also describe studies of beams in plasmas and of injector optimization. Used resources of NERSC.

Paper

Title

Page

Initial Commissioning of NDCX-II

85

S.M. Lidia, D. Arbelaez, W.G. Greenway, J.-Y. Jung, J.W. Kwan, T.M. Lipton, A. Pekedis, P.K. Roy, P.A. Seidl, J.H. Takakuwa, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Friedman, D.P. Grote, W. M. Sharp
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
E.P. Gilson
PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) will generate ion beam pulses for studies of Warm Dense Matter and heavy-ion-driven Inertial Fusion Energy. The machine will accelerate 20-50 nC of Li+ to 1.2-3 MeV energy, starting from a 10.9-cm alumino-silicate ion source. At the end of the accelerator the ions are focused to a sub-mm spot size onto a thin foil (planar) target. The pulse duration is compressed from ~500 ns at the source to sub-ns at the target following beam transport in a neutralizing plasma. We first describe the injector, accelerator, transport, final focus and diagnostic facilities. We then report on the results of early commissioning studies that characterize beam quality and beam transport, acceleration waveform shaping and beam current evolution. We present WARP simulation results to benchmark against the experimental measurements.

TUPPD046

Characterization of Li⁺ Alumino-Silicate Ion Source for Target Heating Experiments

1506

P.K. Roy, W.G. Greenway, J.W. Kwan, S.M. Lidia, P.A. Seidl, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Heavy Ion Fusion Sciences (HIFS) program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will carry out warm dense matter experiments using Li⁺ ion beam with energy 1.2–3 MeV to achieve uniform heating up to 0.1–1 eV. Experiments will be done using the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) facility. The NDCX-II accelerator has been designed to use a large diameter (10.9 cm) Li⁺ doped alumino-silicate source to produce short pulses of ≈93 mA beam current. Fabrication of a lithium source is complex, it is necessary to apply a higher temperature (>1200-degC) for thermionic emission, and the beam current density of this source is ~1mA/cm² in the space-charge limited regime. Li⁺ emission is lower than the other alkaline ions sources (K⁺, Cs⁺). The lifetime of this source is roughly 50 hours, when pulsed. Characterization of an operational lithium alumino-silicate ion source, including beam emittance, is presented.

WEEPPB003

Modeling of 10 GeV-1 TeV Laser-Plasma Accelerators Using Lorentz Boosted Simulations

2172

J.-L. Vay, E. Esarey, C.G.R. Geddes, W. Leemans, C.B. Schroeder
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
E. Cormier-Michel
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: Supported by US-DOE Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344, US-LHC program LARP, and US-DOE SciDAC program ComPASS.
Modeling of laser-plasma wakefield accelerators in an optimal frame of reference [J.-L. Vay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 130405 (2007)] allows direct and efficient full-scale modeling of deeply depleted and beam loaded laser-plasma stages of 10 GeV-1 TeV (parameters not computationally accessible otherwise). This verifies the scaling of plasma accelerators to very high energies and accurately models the laser evolution and the accelerated electron beam transverse dynamics and energy spread. Over 4, 5 and 6 orders of magnitude speedup is achieved for the modeling of 10 GeV, 100 GeV and 1 TeV class stages, respectively. Agreement at the percentage level is demonstrated between simulations using different frames of reference for a 0.1 GeV class stage. Obtaining these speedups and levels of accuracy was permitted by solutions for handling data input (in particular particle and laser beams injection) and output in a relativistically boosted frame of reference, as well as mitigation of a high-frequency instability that otherwise limits effectiveness.
Used resources of NERSC, supported by US-DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.

THPPP096

Recent Developments and Applications of the Beam Simulation Code Warp

3957

J.-L. Vay, P.A. Seidl
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Friedman, D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: Supported by US-DOE Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Used resources of NERSC, supported by US-DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Particle-In-Cell Framework Warp is being developed by the Heavy Ion Fusion US program to guide the development of accelerators for high energy density experiments and ultimately for inertial fusion energy. Accurate predictions of the beam phase space are important for understanding the limits to the pulse compression, in particular for NDCX-II now under construction at LBNL. We will present a new numerical method that correct for the effects of linear correlations, offering accurate mapping of energy spread and temperature. The interaction of the beam with the neutralizing plasma can affect non linearly the phase space of the beam. We will present fully kinetic simulation of the beam/plasma interaction aimed toward a better understanding of these effects and possibilities for mitigating or exploiting them. We will also present an application of the original warped coordinate algorithm to the modeling of charge separation in the transition of a 50 MeV singly charged Uranium beam to higher charge state upon passing through a stripping foil, with the goal of decreasing the cost of a Heavy Ion Fusion driver. We also describe studies of beams in plasmas and of injector optimization.
Used resources of NERSC.