IPAC2018 - List of Authors (Neumann, A.)

Paper	Title	Page
TUPMF002	A Cu Photocathode for the Superconducting RF Photoinjector of BERLinPro	1247
	J. Kühn, M. Bürger, A. Frahm, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, G. Kourkafas, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, M. Schmeißer, M. Schuster, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany P. Murcek, J. Teichert HZDR, Dresden, Germany
	The initial commissioning of the Superconducting RF (SRF) photoinjector is done with a Cu photocathode due to its robustness with regard to interactions with the SRF cavity of the injector. Here we present the preparation and characterization of a Cu photocathode plug and the diagnostics to insert the photocathode in the back wall of the SRF cavity. A polycrystalline bulk Cu plug was polished, particle free cleaned and characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During the transfer of the photocathode insert into the gun module the whole process was controlled by several diagnostic tools monitoring the insert position as well as RF, vacuum and cryogenic signals. We discuss the challenges of the photocathode transfer into an SRF cavity and how they can be tackled.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPMF002
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TUPML053	The BERLinPro SRF Photoinjector System - From First RF Commissioning to First Beam	1660
	A. Neumann, D. Böhlick, M. Bürger, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Göbel, S. Heling, K. Janke, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, S. Klauke, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, G. Kourkafas, J. Kühn, O. Kugeler, N. Leuschner, N. Ohm, E. Panofski, H. Plötz, S. Rotterdam, M.A.H. Schmeißer, M. Schuster, H. Stein, Y. Tamashevich, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: The work is funded by the Helmholtz-Association, BMBF, the state of Berlin and HZB. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is currently constructing a high average current superconducting (SC) ERL as a prototype to demonstrate low normalized beam emittance of 1 mm-mrad at 100 mA and short pulses of about 2 ps. To attain the required beam properties, an SRF based photo-injector system was developed and during the past year underwent RF commissioning and was setup within a dedicated diagnostics beamline called Gunlab to analyze beam dynamics of both, a copper cathode and a Cs2KSb cathode as well as their quantum efficiency at UV and green light respectively. The medium power prototype - a first stage towards the final high power 100 mA design - presented here features a 1.4 x λ/2 cell SRF cavity with a normal-conducting, high quantum efficiency CsK2Sb cathode, implementing a modified HZDR-style cathode insert. This injector potentially allows for 6 mA beam current and up to 3.5 MeV kinetic energy, limited by the modified twin TTF-III fundamental power couplers. In this contribution, the first RF commissioning results of the photo-injector module will be presented including dark current analysis as well as measured beam properties with an initially installed Copper cathode.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPML053
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WEPAK012	Developing Kalman Filter Based Detuning Control with a Digital SRF CW Cavity Simulator	2114
	A. Ushakov, P. Echevarria, A. Neumann HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of the Helmholtz Association Continuous wave operated superconducting cavities experiencing small net beam loading and thus operate potentially at narrow bandwidth require precise detuning control to reach the high stability requirements for RF fields within facilities as FEL or ERL based photon sources. Especially microphonics compensation down to sub-hertz detuning regime besides improving stability reduces the risk of rise of Lorentz force detuning driven ponderomotive instabilities. Usually the complex and second order nature of the mechanical to RF detuning transfer functions of cavity and cavity-tuner system require for more advanced control schemes. In this paper we will show the application of a Kalman filter based detuning estimator algorithm first introduced during IPAC2017 [1] to the SRF cavity simulator developed at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin [2]. Results using the algorithm in observer mode to detuning compensation attempts in closed loop mode are presented. * A. Ushakov, P. Echevarria, A. Neumann, Proc. of IPAC 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAK012
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WEPAK013	SRF Cavity Simulator for LLRF Algorithms Debugging	2118
	P. Echevarria, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, A. Ushakov HZB, Berlin, Germany E. Aldekoa, J. Jugo University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association The availability of niobium superconducting cavities, ei-ther due to a lack of a real cavity or due to the time needed for the experiment set up (vacuum, cryogenics, cabling, etc.), is limited, and thus it can block or delay the develop-ment of new algorithms such as low level RF control. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations, where an actual cavity is replaced by an electronics system, can help to solve this issue. In this paper we present a Cavity Simulator imple-mented in a National Instruments PXI equipped with an FPGA module. This module operates with one intermedi-ate frequency input which is IQ-demodulated and fed to the electrical cavity's model, where the transmitted and re-flected voltages are calculated and IQ-modulated to gener-ate two intermediate frequency outputs. Some more ad-vanced features such as mechanical vibration modes driven by Lorentz-force detuning or external microphonics have also been implemented. This Cavity Simulator is planned to be connected to an mTCA chassis to close the loop with a LLRF control system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAK013
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THPAF087	Multi-Objective Optimization of an SRF Photoinjector with Booster Section for High Brightness Beam Performance	3193
SUSPF071	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	E. Panofski, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, A. Neumann HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Several future accelerator projects, light sources and user experiments require high brightness electron beams. SRF photoinjectors operating in continuous-wave (cw) mode hold the potential to serve as an electron source generating beams of high average brightness and short bunch lengths. Different operation and design parameters of the SRF photoinjector impact the beam dynamics and thus the beam brightness. A universal multi-objective optimization program based on a genetic algorithm was developed to extract optimum gun parameter settings from Pareto-optimum solutions. After getting the first optimum results, the photoinjector is supplemented with a booster section downstream. The new optimization results are presented. Further, the optimization program is applied to evaluate the impact of the field flatness of the gun cavity on the high brightness performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF087
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THPMF032	Preparation and Testing of the BERLinPro Gun 1.1 Cavity	4117
	H.-W. Glock, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, Y. Tamashevich HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of the Helmholtz Association For the BERLinPro energy recovery LINAC, HZB is developing a superconducting 1.4-cell electron gun, which, in its final version, is planned to be capable of CW 1.3 GHz operation with 77 pC/bunch. For this purpose a series of three superconducting cavities, denoted as Gun 1.0, Gun 1.1 (both designed for 6 mA) and Gun 2.0 (100 mA) is foreseen. Here the status of the Gun 1.1 cavity is described, including results of the recent vertical testing. Lessons learned from the production and preparation process are summarized, also in order to identify issues critical for the production of Gun 2.0.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF032
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THPMF034	Status Report of the Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project BERLinPro	4127
	M. Abo-Bakr, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, K.B. Bürkmann-Gehrlein, A.B. Büchel, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Glöckner, F. Göbel, B.D.S. Hall, S. Heling, H.-G. Hoberg, A. Jankowiak, C. Kalus, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, J. Kolbe, G. Kourkafas, J. Kühn, B.C. Kuske, J. Kuszynski, A.N. Matveenko, M. McAteer, A. Meseck, R. Müller, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, K. Ott, E. Panofski, F. Pflocksch, L. Pichl, J. Rahn, M.A.H. Schmeißer, O. Schüler, M. Schuster, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Bundels Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin is constructing the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype BERLinPro, a demonstration facility for the science and technology of ERLs for future light source applications. BERLinPro is designed to accelerate a high current (100 mA, 50 MeV), high brilliance (norm. emittance below 1 mm mrad) cw electron beam. We report on the last year's progress, including the comissioning of the gun module as the first SRF component to be installed in BERLinPro.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF034
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THPMF038	Status of the BESSY VSR Project	4138
	P. Schnizer, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, P. Goslawski, H. Hartmut, A. Jankowiak, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, K. Ott, M. Ries, A. Schälicke, A.V. Vélez HZB, Berlin, Germany
	BESSY VSR is set out to provide a variable pulse pattern to the BESSY II users. This project is now fully funded and heading into its implementation phase. The pulse pattern, consisting of long and short pulses, require inserting cavities providing a 3rd and a 3.5th harmonic of the fundamental harmonic of the ring. Therefore 1.5 and 1.75 GHz cavities are developed with appropriate higher order mode damping spectrum. Similarly the BESSY II ring and injector chain has to be upgraded to provide appropriate diagnostics and increase the injection efficiency. In this paper we give the current status of the project and give an overview of scientific challenges currently being tackled.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF038
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Paper

Title

Page

A Cu Photocathode for the Superconducting RF Photoinjector of BERLinPro

1247

J. Kühn, M. Bürger, A. Frahm, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, G. Kourkafas, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, M. Schmeißer, M. Schuster, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
P. Murcek, J. Teichert
HZDR, Dresden, Germany

The initial commissioning of the Superconducting RF (SRF) photoinjector is done with a Cu photocathode due to its robustness with regard to interactions with the SRF cavity of the injector. Here we present the preparation and characterization of a Cu photocathode plug and the diagnostics to insert the photocathode in the back wall of the SRF cavity. A polycrystalline bulk Cu plug was polished, particle free cleaned and characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During the transfer of the photocathode insert into the gun module the whole process was controlled by several diagnostic tools monitoring the insert position as well as RF, vacuum and cryogenic signals. We discuss the challenges of the photocathode transfer into an SRF cavity and how they can be tackled.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPMF002

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TUPML053

The BERLinPro SRF Photoinjector System - From First RF Commissioning to First Beam

1660

A. Neumann, D. Böhlick, M. Bürger, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Göbel, S. Heling, K. Janke, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, S. Klauke, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, G. Kourkafas, J. Kühn, O. Kugeler, N. Leuschner, N. Ohm, E. Panofski, H. Plötz, S. Rotterdam, M.A.H. Schmeißer, M. Schuster, H. Stein, Y. Tamashevich, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: The work is funded by the Helmholtz-Association, BMBF, the state of Berlin and HZB.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is currently constructing a high average current superconducting (SC) ERL as a prototype to demonstrate low normalized beam emittance of 1 mm-mrad at 100 mA and short pulses of about 2 ps. To attain the required beam properties, an SRF based photo-injector system was developed and during the past year underwent RF commissioning and was setup within a dedicated diagnostics beamline called Gunlab to analyze beam dynamics of both, a copper cathode and a Cs2KSb cathode as well as their quantum efficiency at UV and green light respectively. The medium power prototype - a first stage towards the final high power 100 mA design - presented here features a 1.4 x λ/2 cell SRF cavity with a normal-conducting, high quantum efficiency CsK2Sb cathode, implementing a modified HZDR-style cathode insert. This injector potentially allows for 6 mA beam current and up to 3.5 MeV kinetic energy, limited by the modified twin TTF-III fundamental power couplers. In this contribution, the first RF commissioning results of the photo-injector module will be presented including dark current analysis as well as measured beam properties with an initially installed Copper cathode.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPML053

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WEPAK012

Developing Kalman Filter Based Detuning Control with a Digital SRF CW Cavity Simulator

2114

A. Ushakov, P. Echevarria, A. Neumann
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of the Helmholtz Association
Continuous wave operated superconducting cavities experiencing small net beam loading and thus operate potentially at narrow bandwidth require precise detuning control to reach the high stability requirements for RF fields within facilities as FEL or ERL based photon sources. Especially microphonics compensation down to sub-hertz detuning regime besides improving stability reduces the risk of rise of Lorentz force detuning driven ponderomotive instabilities. Usually the complex and second order nature of the mechanical to RF detuning transfer functions of cavity and cavity-tuner system require for more advanced control schemes. In this paper we will show the application of a Kalman filter based detuning estimator algorithm first introduced during IPAC2017 [1] to the SRF cavity simulator developed at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin [2]. Results using the algorithm in observer mode to detuning compensation attempts in closed loop mode are presented.
* A. Ushakov, P. Echevarria, A. Neumann, Proc. of IPAC 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAK012

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WEPAK013

SRF Cavity Simulator for LLRF Algorithms Debugging

2118

P. Echevarria, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, A. Ushakov
HZB, Berlin, Germany
E. Aldekoa, J. Jugo
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association
The availability of niobium superconducting cavities, ei-ther due to a lack of a real cavity or due to the time needed for the experiment set up (vacuum, cryogenics, cabling, etc.), is limited, and thus it can block or delay the develop-ment of new algorithms such as low level RF control. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations, where an actual cavity is replaced by an electronics system, can help to solve this issue. In this paper we present a Cavity Simulator imple-mented in a National Instruments PXI equipped with an FPGA module. This module operates with one intermedi-ate frequency input which is IQ-demodulated and fed to the electrical cavity's model, where the transmitted and re-flected voltages are calculated and IQ-modulated to gener-ate two intermediate frequency outputs. Some more ad-vanced features such as mechanical vibration modes driven by Lorentz-force detuning or external microphonics have also been implemented. This Cavity Simulator is planned to be connected to an mTCA chassis to close the loop with a LLRF control system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAK013

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THPAF087

Multi-Objective Optimization of an SRF Photoinjector with Booster Section for High Brightness Beam Performance

3193

SUSPF071

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

E. Panofski, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, A. Neumann
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Several future accelerator projects, light sources and user experiments require high brightness electron beams. SRF photoinjectors operating in continuous-wave (cw) mode hold the potential to serve as an electron source generating beams of high average brightness and short bunch lengths. Different operation and design parameters of the SRF photoinjector impact the beam dynamics and thus the beam brightness. A universal multi-objective optimization program based on a genetic algorithm was developed to extract optimum gun parameter settings from Pareto-optimum solutions. After getting the first optimum results, the photoinjector is supplemented with a booster section downstream. The new optimization results are presented. Further, the optimization program is applied to evaluate the impact of the field flatness of the gun cavity on the high brightness performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF087

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THPMF032

Preparation and Testing of the BERLinPro Gun 1.1 Cavity

4117

H.-W. Glock, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, Y. Tamashevich
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of the Helmholtz Association
For the BERLinPro energy recovery LINAC, HZB is developing a superconducting 1.4-cell electron gun, which, in its final version, is planned to be capable of CW 1.3 GHz operation with 77 pC/bunch. For this purpose a series of three superconducting cavities, denoted as Gun 1.0, Gun 1.1 (both designed for 6 mA) and Gun 2.0 (100 mA) is foreseen. Here the status of the Gun 1.1 cavity is described, including results of the recent vertical testing. Lessons learned from the production and preparation process are summarized, also in order to identify issues critical for the production of Gun 2.0.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF032

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THPMF034

Status Report of the Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project BERLinPro

4127

M. Abo-Bakr, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, K.B. Bürkmann-Gehrlein, A.B. Büchel, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Glöckner, F. Göbel, B.D.S. Hall, S. Heling, H.-G. Hoberg, A. Jankowiak, C. Kalus, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, J. Kolbe, G. Kourkafas, J. Kühn, B.C. Kuske, J. Kuszynski, A.N. Matveenko, M. McAteer, A. Meseck, R. Müller, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, K. Ott, E. Panofski, F. Pflocksch, L. Pichl, J. Rahn, M.A.H. Schmeißer, O. Schüler, M. Schuster, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Bundels
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin is constructing the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype BERLinPro, a demonstration facility for the science and technology of ERLs for future light source applications. BERLinPro is designed to accelerate a high current (100 mA, 50 MeV), high brilliance (norm. emittance below 1 mm mrad) cw electron beam. We report on the last year's progress, including the comissioning of the gun module as the first SRF component to be installed in BERLinPro.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF034

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THPMF038

Status of the BESSY VSR Project

4138

P. Schnizer, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, P. Goslawski, H. Hartmut, A. Jankowiak, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann, K. Ott, M. Ries, A. Schälicke, A.V. Vélez
HZB, Berlin, Germany

BESSY VSR is set out to provide a variable pulse pattern to the BESSY II users. This project is now fully funded and heading into its implementation phase. The pulse pattern, consisting of long and short pulses, require inserting cavities providing a 3rd and a 3.5th harmonic of the fundamental harmonic of the ring. Therefore 1.5 and 1.75 GHz cavities are developed with appropriate higher order mode damping spectrum. Similarly the BESSY II ring and injector chain has to be upgraded to provide appropriate diagnostics and increase the injection efficiency. In this paper we give the current status of the project and give an overview of scientific challenges currently being tackled.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPMF038

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