DESY, Hamburg
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
SBUNSL, Stony Brook, New York
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
DESY, Hamburg
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
SBUNSL, Stony Brook, New York
We report recent progress in the development of a hybrid lead/niobium superconducting (SC) injector. The goal of this effort is to produce an all-SC injector with the SCRF properties of a niobium cavity along with the superior quantum efficiency (QE) of a lead photocathode. Two prototype hybrid injectors have been constructed, one utilizing a cavity with a removable cathode plug, and a second consisting of an all-niobium cavity arc-deposited with lead in the cathode region. We present the results of QE measurements on these cavities, along with tests of the effect of the laser on the cavity RF performance.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
KEK, Ibaraki
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
DESY, Hamburg
The Low-Loss shape cavity design has been proposed as a possible alternative to the baseline TESLA cavity design for the ILC. The advantages of this design over the TESLA cavity are its lower cryogenic loss, and higher achievable gradient due to lower surface fields. High gradient prototypes for such designs have been tested at KEK (ICHIRO) and JLab (LL). However, issues related to HOM damping and multipacting (MP) still need to be addressed. Preliminary numerical studies of the prototype cavities have shown unacceptable damping for some higher-order dipole modes if the typical TESLA HOM couplers are directly adapted to the design. The resulting wakefield will dilute the beam emittance thus reduces the machine luminosity. Furthermore, high gradient tests on a 9-cell prototype at KEK have experienced MP barriers although a single LL cell had achieved a high gradient. From simulations, MP activities are found to occur in the end-groups of the cavity. In this paper, we will present the optimization results of the end-groups for the Low-Loss shape for effective HOM damping and alleviation of multipacting. Comparisons of simulation results with measurements will also be presented.
AMAC, Newport News, Virginia
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
CNU, Newport News
Currently available technology can only inspect flat sheets and allow the elimination of defective flat sheets before the expensive forming and machining of the SRF cavity half-cells, but it does not eliminate the problem of remaining or uncovered surface impurities after partial chemical etching of the half-cells, nor does it detect any defects that may have been added during the fabrication of the half-cells. AMAC has developed a SQUID scanning system based on eddy current technique that allows the scanning of curved Nb samples that are welded to make superconducting RF cavity half-cells. AMAC SQUID scanning system successfully located the defects (Ta macro particles about 100 mm diameter) in a flat Nb sample (top side) and was able to also locate the defects in a cylindrical surface sample (top side). It is more significant that the system successfully located the defects on the backside of the flat sample and curved sample or 3-mm from the top surface. The 3-D SQUID-based Nondestructive instrument will be further optimized and improved in making SRF cavities and allow inspection and detection during cavity manufacturing for achieving highest accelarating fields.
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
DESY, Hamburg
Several, partially successful attempts have been made to develop a superconducting connection between adjacent niobium cavities with the capability to carry up to 30 mT of the magnetic flux. Such a connection would be particularly of great benefit to layouts of long accelerators like ILC because it would shorten the distances between structures and therefore the total length of an accelerator with the associated cost reductions. In addition the superconducting connection would be ideal for a super-structure, two multi-cell cavities connected through a half wavelength long beam pipe providing the coupling. Two welded prototypes of super-structure have been successfully tested with the beam at DESY. The chemical treatment and water rinsing was rather complicated for these prototypes. We have engaged in a program to develop such a connection based on the Nb55Ti material. Several options are pursued such as e.g.a two-cell cavity is being used to explore the reachable magnetic flux for the TESLA like connection with a squeezed niobium gasket between the flanges. In this contribution we will report about the progress of our investigations.
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
In a previous paper the cavity* design for an Ampere-class cryomodule was introduced. We have since fabricated a 1500 MHz version of a single cell cavity with waveguide couplers for HOM and fundamental power, attached to one end of the cavity, a 5-cell cavity made from large grain niobium without couplers and a complete 5-cell cavity from polycrystalline niobium featuring waveguide couplers on both ends. A 750 MHz single cell cavity without endgroups has also been manufactured to get some information about obtainable Q-values, gradients and multipacting behavior at lower frequency. This contribution reports on the various tests of these cavities.
* R. A.Rimmer et al.; EPAC 2006, paper MOPCH182
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
We describe the developments underway at JLab to develop new CW cryomodules capable of transporting up to Ampere-levels of beam currents for use in ERLs and FELs. Goals include an efficient cell shape, high packing factor for efficient real-estate gradient and very strong HOM damping to push BBU thresholds up by two or more orders of magnitude compared to existing designs. Cavity shape, HOM damping and ancillary components are optimized for this application. Designs are being developed for low-frequency (750 MHz), Ampere-class compact FELs and for high-frequency (1.5 GHz), 100 mA configurations. These designs and concepts can easily be scaled to other frequencies. We present the results of conceptual design studies, simulations and prototype measurements. These modules are being developed for the next generation ERL based high power FELs but may be useful for other applications such as high energy light sources, electron cooling, electron-ion colliders, industrial processing etc.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
One of the key components for the Energy Recovery Linac being built by the Electron cooling group in the Collider Accelerator Department is the 5 cell accelerating cavity which is designed to accelerate 2 MeV electrons from the gun up to 15-20 MeV, allow them to make one pass through the ring and then decelerate them back down to 2 MeV prior to sending them to the dump. This cavity was designed by BNL and fabricated by AES in Medford, NY. Following fabrication it was sent to Thomas Jefferson Lab in VA for chemical processing, testing and assembly into a string assembly suitable for shipment back to BNL and integration into the ERL. The steps involved in this processing sequence will be reviewed and the deviations from processing of similar SRF cavities will be discussed. The lessons learned from this process are documented to help future projects where the scope is different from that normally encountered.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
AES, Princeton, New Jersey
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
The multipacting phenomena in accelerating structures and coaxial lines are well documented and methods of mitigating or suppressing it are understood. The multipacting that occurs in a quarter wave choke joint designed to mount a cathode insertion stalk into a superconducting RF photoinjector has been analyzed via calculations and experimental measurements and the effect of introducing multipacting suppression grooves into the structure is analyzed. Several alternative choke joint designs are analyzed and suggestions made regarding future choke joint development. Furthermore, the problems encountered in cleaning the choke joint surfaces, factors important in changes to the secondary electron yield, are discussed and evaluated. This design is being implemented on the BNL 1.3 GHz photoinjector, previously used for measurement of the quantum efficiency of bare Nb, to allow for the introduction of other cathode materials for study, and to verify the design functions properly prior to constructing our 703 MHz photoinjector with a similar choke joint design.
DESY, Hamburg
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
AES, Princeton, New Jersey
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
The physics interest in a luminosity upgrade of RHIC requires the development of a cooling-frontier facility. Detailed cooling calculations have been made to determine the efficacy of electron cooling of the stored RHIC beams. This has been followed by beam dynamics simulations to establish the feasibility of creating the necessary electron beam. Electron cooling of RHIC at collisions requires electron beam energy up to about 54 MeV at an average current of between 50 to 100 mA and a particularly bright electron beam. The accelerator chosen to generate this electron beam is a superconducting Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) with a superconducting RF gun with a laser-photocathode. An intensive experimental R&D program engages the various elements of the accelerator: Photocathodes of novel design, superconducting RF electron gun of a particularly high current and low emittance, a very high-current ERL cavity and a demonstration ERL using these components.