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Haber, I.

Paper Title Page
MOPAS033 A Robust Orbit-Steering and Control Algorithm Using Quadrupole-scans as a Diagnostic 509
 
  • C. Wu, E. Abed, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, K. Tian, M. Walter
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy.

Beam based alignment and control has been a critical issue for many accelerators. In this paper, we've developed a new approach that can correct the beam orbit using a systematic quad-scan method, where there is an insufficient number of beam position monitors. In this approach, we've proposed a calibrated response matrix. This matrix takes consideration of the different sensitivities of different quadrupoles in the lattice. With the calibrated response matrix, we can greatly enhance our ability to control the beam centroid motion and reduce the control effort.

 
TUZBAB03 The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) Enters a New Regime of High-Tune-Shift Rings 820
 
  • R. A. Kishek, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, R. Feldman, R. B. Fiorito, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, T. Langford, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, B. Quinn, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, K. Tian, M. Walter, C. Wu
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy and by the US Dept. of Defense Office of Naval Research.

Circular accelerators and storage rings have traditionally been designed with limited intensity in order to avoid resonances and instabilities. The possibility of operating a ring beyond the Laslett tune shift limit has been suggested but little tested, apart from a pioneering experiment by Maschke at the BNL AGS in the early 1980s. We have recently circulated the highest-space-charge beam in a ring to date in the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), achieving a breakthrough both in the number of turns and in the amount of current propagated. At undepressed tunes of up to 7.6, the space charge in UMER is sufficient to depress the tune by nearly a factor of 2, resulting in tune shifts up to 3.6. This makes the UMER beam the most intense beam that has been propagated to date in a circular lattice. This is an exciting and promising result for future circular accelerators, and the UMER beam can now be used as a platform to study intense space charge dynamics in rings.

 
slides icon Slides  
TUPAS047 Multi-turn Operation of the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) 1751
 
  • M. Walter, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, C. Wu
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-94ER40855 and DE-FG02-92ER54178.

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research. The electron beam current is adjustable from 0.7 mA, an emittance dominated beam, to 100 mA, a strongly space charge dominated beam. UMER is addressing issues in beam physics relevant to many applications that require intense beams of high quality such as advanced concept accelerators, free electron lasers, spallation neutron sources, and future heavy-ion drivers for inertial fusion. The primary focus of this presentation is experimental results and improvements in multi-turn operation of the electron ring. Transport of a low current beam over 100 turns (3600 full lattice periods) has been achieved. Results of high current, space charge dominated multi-turn transport will also be presented.

 
TUPAS048 Beam Extraction Concepts and Design for the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) 1754
 
  • M. Walter, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, T. F. Godlove, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, C. Wu
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-94ER40855 and DE-FG02-92ER54178.

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research. The electron storage ring has been closed and recent operations have been focused on achieving multi-turn transport. An entire suite of terminal diagnostics is available for time-resolved phase space measurements of the beam. These diagnostics have been mounted and tested at several points on the ring before it was closed. UMER utilizes a unique injection scheme which uses the fringe fields of an offset quadrupole to assist a pulsed dipole in bending the beam into the ring. Similar concepts, along with more traditional electrostatic methods, are being considered for beam extraction. This presentation will focus on the recent efforts to design and deploy these major subsystems required for beam extraction.

 
WEZC01 Phase Space Tomography of Beams with Extreme Space Charge 2025
 
  • D. Stratakis, S. Bernal, R. B. Fiorito, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, J. C.T. Thangaraj, K. Tian, M. Walter
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-94ER40855 and DE-FG02-92ER54178, and the office of Naval Research grant N00014-02-1-0914.

A common challenge for accelerator systems is to maintain beam quality and brightness over the usually long distance from the source to the target. In order to do so, knowledge of the beam distribution in both configuration and velocity space along the beam line is needed. However, measurement of the velocity distribution can be difficult, especially for beams with strong space charge. Here we present a simple and portable tomographic method to map the beam phase space, which can be used in the majority of accelerators. The tomographic reconstruction process has first been compared with results from simulations using the particle-in-cell code WARP. Results show excellent agreement even for beams with extreme space charge and exotic distributions. Our diagnostic has also been successfully demonstrated experimentally on the University of Maryland Electron Ring, a compact ring designed to study the transverse dynamics of beams in both emittance and space charge dominated regimes. Special emphasis is given to intense beams where our phase space tomography diagnostic is used to shed light on the consequences of the space charge forces on the transport of these beams.

 
slides icon Slides  
WEPMS001 Application of Induction Module for Energy Perturbations in the University of Maryland Electron Ring 2322
 
  • B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, J. C.T. Thangaraj, K. Tian, M. Walter, C. Wu
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy grant numbers: DE-FG02-94ER40855 and DE-FG02-92ER54178, ONR and Joint Technology Office

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a scaled storage ring using low-energy electrons to inexpensively model beams with high-space-charge. With the ability to inject such beams comes the problem of longitudinal end erosion of both the head and tail. It is important therefore to apply suitably designed longitudinal focusing forces to confine the beam and prevent it from its normal expansion. This paper presents the design and prototyping of an induction cell for this purpose. Successful operation of the induction cell would push the achievable number of turns and also enable us to perform studies of the longitudinal physics of such highly space-charge dominated beams. The pulsed voltage requirements for such a system on UMER would require ear-fields that switch 3kV in about 8ns or so for the most intense flat-top rectangular beam injected into the ring. This places a considerable challenge on the electronics used to deliver ideal waveforms with a compact module. Alternate waveforms are also being explored for other various injected beam shapes into UMER.

 
THPAS031 Measurement and Simulation of Source-Generated Halos in the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) 3564
 
  • I. Haber, S. Bernal, R. Feldman, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, C. Papadopoulos, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, M. Walter
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
  • A. Friedman, D. P. Grote
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • J.-L. Vay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the US DOE under contract Nos. DE-FG02-02ER54672 and DE-FG02-94ER40855 (UMD), and DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL) and W-7405-ENG-48 (LLNL)

One of the areas fundamental beam physics that serve as the rationale for recent research on UMER is the study of generation and evolution of beam halos. This physics can be accessed on a scaled basis in UMER at a small fraction of the cost of similar experiments on a much larger machine. Recent experiments and simulations have identified imperfections in the source geometry, particularly in the region near the emitter edge, as a potentially significant source of halo particles. The edge-generated halo particles, both in the experiments and the simulations are found to pass through the center of the beam in the vicinity of the anode plane. Understanding the detailed evolution of these particle orbits is therefore important to designing any aperture to remove the beam halo. Both experimental data and simulations will be presented to illustrate the details of this mechanism for halo formation.

 
THPAS032 Modeling Skew Quadrupole Effects on the UMER Beam 3567
 
  • C. Papadopoulos, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, M. Walter
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: US Department of Energy

This is a numerical study of the effects of skew quadrupoles on the beam used in University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER). As this beam is space-charge dominated, we expect new phenomena to be present compared to the emittance-dominated case. In our studies we find that skew quadrupoles can severely affect the halo of the beam and cause emittance growth, even in the first turn of the beam. For our simulations we used the WARP particle-in-cell code and we compared the results with the experimental study of skew quadrupole effects (to be reported separately).

 
THPAS033 Evolution of Laser Induced Perturbation and Experimental Observation of Space Charge Waves in the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) 3570
 
  • J. C.T. Thangaraj, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, S. Bernal, D. W. Feldman, R. B. Fiorito, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, K. Tian, M. Walter
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work is funded by US Dept. of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-94ER40855

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a scaled model to investigate the transverse and longitudinal physics of space charge dominated beams. It uses a 10-keV electron beam along with other scaled beam parameters that model the larger machines but at a lower cost. Understanding collective behavior of intense, charged particle beams due to their space charge effects is crucial for advanced accelerator research and applications. This paper presents the experimental study of longitudinal dynamics of an initial density modulation on a spacecharge dominated beam. A novel experimental technique of producing a perturbation using a laser is discussed. Using a laser to produce a perturbation provides the ability to launch a pure density modulation and to have better control over the amount of perturbation introduced. Collective effects like space charge waves and its propagation over long distances in a quadrupole channel are studied. One dimensional cold fluid model is used for theoretical analysis and simulations are carried out in WARP-RZ.

 
THPAS034 Fast Imaging of Time-dependent Distributions of Intense Electron Beams 3573
 
  • K. Tian, G. Bai, B. L. Beaudoin, D. W. Feldman, R. B. Fiorito, I. Haber, R. A. Kishek, P. G. O'Shea, M. Reiser, D. Stratakis, D. F. Sutter, J. C.T. Thangaraj, M. Walter, C. Wu
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office

Longitudinal perturbations can be generated in the space-charge dominated regimes in which most beams of interest are born. To study the modification of transverse beam distributions by longitudinal beam dynamics, we have conducted experimental studies using low energy electron beams by taking time resolved images of a beam with longitudinal density perturbations. Two different diagnostics are used: optical transition radiation (OTR) produced from an intercepting silicon based aluminum screen and a fast (<5ns decay time) phosphor screen. It is found that the beam is significantly affected by the perturbation. However the OTR signal is very weak and requires over 45 minutes of frame integration. The fast phosphor screen has much better sensitivity (~1'000 times enhancement). In this paper, we also report on the time resolved measurement of a parabolic beam, showing interesting correlations between transverse and longitudinal distributions of the beam.

 
THPAS050 Simulating Electron Effects in Heavy-Ion Accelerators with Solenoid Focusing 3603
 
  • W. M. Sharp, R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, D. P. Grote, A. W. Molvik
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • J. E. Coleman, P. K. Roy, P. A. Seidl, J.-L. Vay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • I. Haber
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of US DOE by the University of California Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories under contracts W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC03-76SF00098.

Contamination from electrons is a concern for solenoid-focused ion accelerators being developed for experiments in high-energy-density physics (HEDP). These electrons, produced directly by beam ions hitting lattice elements or indirectly by ionization of desorbed neutral gas, can potentially alter the beam dynamics, leading to a time-varying focal spot, increased emittance, halo, and possibly electron-ion instabilities. The electrostatic particle-in-cell code WARP is used to simulate electron-cloud studies on the solenoid-transport experiment (STX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present self-consistent simulations of several STX configurations to show the evolution of the electron and ion-beam distributions first in idealized 2-D solenoid fields and then in the 3-D field values obtained from probes. Comparisons are made with experimental data, and several techniques to mitigate electron effects are demonstrated numerically.