• W. Ackermann, T. Weiland
  TEMF, Darmstadt

To guarantee an adequate design and a proper functionality of various machine components it is of great importance to perform detailed studies of charged particle transport. However, it is often not necessary to initiate individual kinetic simulations. When the evolution of integral quantities is of research interest, it is worth treating an investigated particle ensemble as a whole and applying a macroscopic formulation. Using a collision-less kinetic approach, the simplified model is derived from the well-known Vlasov equation. Instead of solving directly this equation, one can use moments of the density function obtained by means of an averaging process. This formalism had been implemented into the beam dynamics simulation program V-Code and a fundamental database of various beam line elements like cavities, drift spaces, solenoids, quadrupoles and steerers was set up. A flexible realization of the C++ code representing the cavities and the drift spaces can be automatically used for an arbitrary order of moments applying a symbolic algebra program. A useful extension to the remaining beam line elements together with appropriate simulation results is presented in the paper.

• M. Cavenago
  INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova

Charge breeding, consistiting of injecting singly charged ion into ECRIS(Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources) to extract an highly charged ion beam, is a promising technique for rare or radioactive ion beam. Efficiency and extracted beam temperature are dominated by the strong collisional diffusion of charged ion inside source. A computer code, named BEAM2ECR, written to simulate details of the injection, ionization, collision and extraction processes is described.* A model of injection plasma sheath and of source fringe field were recently added. Neutral injection is also supported, for comparison with other techniques, like gas feeding or metal vapor injection. Results, clearly favouring near axis injection for most cases are described. Code is written in C-language and possibility of concurrent execution over a Linux cluster was recently added.

*M. Cavenago, O. Kester, T. Lamy and P. Sortais, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 537 (2002).

• G. Robert-Demolaize, R.W. Assmann, S. Redaelli, F. Schmidt
  CERN, Geneva

• A. Adelmann
  PSI, Villigen
• R.D. Ryne, J.M. Shalf, C. Siegerist
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

• A. Adelmann
  PSI, Villigen
• R.D. Ryne, J.M. Shalf, C. Siegerist
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

• D. Sagan
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
• J.C. Smith
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York

A new accelerator design and analysis simulation environment based on the BMAD relativistic charged particle dynamics library is in development at Cornell University. Called TAO (Tool for Accelerator Optimization), it is a machine independent program that implements the essential ingredients needed to solve simulation problems. This includes the ability to: 1. Design lattices subject to constraints, 2. Simulate errors and changes in machine parameters, and 3. Simulate machine commissioning including simulating data measurement and correction. TAO is designed to be easily customizable so that extending it to solve new and different problems is straight forward. The capability to simultaneously model multiple accelerator lattices, both linacs and storage rings, and injection from one lattice to another allows for the design and commissioning of large multi stage accelerators. It can also simultaneously model multiple configurations of a single lattice. Single particle, particle beam and macroparticle tracking is implemented. Use of TAO with both the International Linear Collider and the Cornell Energy Recovery Linac are provided as examples.

• P. Tenenbaum
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• M. Borland
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The code {\tt elegant} is widely used for simulation of linacs for drivers for free-electron lasers. Less well known is that elegant is also a very capable code for simulation of storage rings. In this paper, we show a newly-developed graphical user interface that allows the user to easily take advantage of these capabilities. The interface is designed for use on a Linux cluster, providing very high throughput. It can also be used on a single computer. Among the features it gives access to are basic calculations (Twiss parameters, radiation integrals), phase-space tracking, nonlinear dispersion, dynamic aperture (on- and off-momentum), frequency map analysis, and collective effects (IBS, bunch-lengthening). Using a cluster, it is easy to get highly detailed dynamic aperture and frequency map results in a surprisingly short time.

• R.W. Garnett, J.A. Billen, T.P. Wangler
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• K.R. Crandall
  TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico
• P.N. Ostroumov
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• J. Qiang, R.D. Ryne
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R.C. York, Q. Zhao
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

We are developing multuparticle beam-dynamics simulation codes for RIA driver linac simulations extending from the low-energy beam transport line to the end of the linac. These codes run on the NERSC parallel supercomputing platforms at LBNL, which allow us to run simulations with large numbers of macroparticles. The codes have physics capabilities needed for RIA, including transport and acceleration of multiple-charge-state beams, beam-line elements such as high-voltage platforms within the linac, interdigital accelerating structures, charge-stripper foils, and capabilities for handling the effects of machine errors and other off-normal conditions. In this paper we present the status of the work, describe some recent additions to the codes, and show preliminary end-to-end simulation results for a representative driver-linac design.

• H. Shang, M. Borland
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Optimization is commonly used in accelerator design to find linear optics solutions. Such optimizations are usually fairly fast as linear optics computations are themselves fast. For high-brightness storage rings, optimization of nonlinear elements (e.g., sextupoles) is also important in obtaining sufficient dynamic aperture. However, this can be very time onsuming as the basic calculations are time consuming. We have developed an efficient parallel Simplex optimizer that runs on a Linux cluster. It can optimize the result of running essentially any program or script that returns a penalty function value. We have used this optimizer with elegant to optimize dynamic aperture of storage ring designs. We discuss the optimization algorithm and performance, design of penalty functions, and optimization results.

• P. Emma, K.L.F. Bane
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Many linear accelerators, such as linac-based light sources and linear colliders, apply longitudinal phase space manipulations in their design, including electron bunch compression and wakefield-induced energy spread control. Several computer codes handle such issues, but most require detailed information on the transverse focusing lattice. In fact, in most linear accelerators, the transverse distributions do not significantly affect the longitudinal, and can be ignored initially. This allows the use of a fast 2D code to study longitudinal aspects without time-consuming considerations of the transverse focusing. LiTrack is based on a 15-year old code (same name) originally written by one of us (KB), which is now a MATLAB-based code with additional features, such as a graphical user interface and output plotting. The single-bunch tracking includes RF acceleration, bunch compression to 3rd order, geometric and resistive wakefields, aperture limits, synchrotron radiation, and flexible output plotting. The code was used to design both the LCLS and the SPPS projects at SLAC and typically runs in <1 minute. We describe the features, show some examples, and provide access to the code.

• E. Schuster
  Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
• C.K. Allen
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• M. Krstic
  UCSD, La Jolla, California