LINAC 2004 - Classification:Technology, Components, Subsystems/RF Structures

Technology, Components, Subsystems

RF Structures

Paper	Title	Page
TU201	The KEK C-Band RF System for a Linear Collider	256
	H. Matsumoto, S. Takeda, S.S. Win, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki H. Baba, T. Shintake RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo J-O. Oh PAL, Pohang
	The C-band (5712 MHz) main linac has been developed just motivated by the urgent and essential physics program at the e⁺e^- linear collider. In total ~8000 accelerating structures and ~4000 klystrons with modulators are needed for 500 GeV C.M. energy. Therefore these units have to meet strict requirements for: high reliability, simplicity, easy operation, reasonable power efficiency and low cost. This list provides a guiding principle and the boundary conditions for our design work. We have already developed the conventional and PPM type 50 MW class C-band klystrons, modulators, and HOM-free accelerator structures. The first high power an rf compressor cavity made of a low thermal expansion material was designed to provide stable operation even with a very high Q of 200 k, it was successfully operated an output rf power of 135 MW at KEK. The C-band linac rf-system will be used for the SASE-FEL project at SPring-8, but it will also serve to verify the design and components, which can eventually be deployed for the main linac rf system in a future linear collider.
	Transparencies
TU203	High Pressure, High Gradient RF Cavities for Muon Beam Cooling	266
	R. P. Johnson, M. Popovic FNAL, Batavia, Illinois M.M. Alsharo'a, R.E. Hartline, M. Kuchnir, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc., Batavia C. M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois K. Beard, A. Bogacz, Y.S. Derbenev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia D. M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	High intensity, low emittance muon beams are needed for new applications such as muon colliders and neutrino factories based on muon storage rings. Ionization cooling, where muon energy is lost in a low-Z absorber and only the longitudinal component is regenerated using RF cavities, is presently the only known cooling technique that is fast enough to be effective in the short muon lifetime. RF cavities filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas bring two advantages to the ionization technique: the energy absorption and energy regeneration happen simultaneously rather than sequentially, and higher RF gradients and better cavity breakdown behavior are possible than in vacuum due to the Paschen effect. These advantages and some disadvantages and risks will be discussed along with a description of the present and desired RF R&D efforts needed to make accelerators and colliders based on muon beams less futuristic.
	Transparencies
TU204	Effect of High Solenoidal Magnetic Fields on Breakdown Voltages of High Vacuum 805 MHz Cavities	271
	A. Moretti, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, Z. Qian Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D.M. Errede University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois D. Li LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California J. Norem ANL, Argonne, Illinois R.A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The demonstration of muon ionization cooling by a large factor is necessary to demonstrate the feasilibility of a collider or neutrino factory. An important cooling experiment, MICE [1], has been proposed to demonstrate 10 % cooling which will validate the technology. Ionization cooling is accomplished by passing a high-emittance beam in a multi-Tesla solenoidal channel alternately through regions of low Z material and very high accelerating RF Cavities. To determine the effect of very large solenoidal magnetic fields on the generations of Dark current, X-Rays and breakdown Voltage gradients of vacuum RF cavities, a test facility has been established at Fermilab in Lab G. This facility consists of a 12 MW 805 MHz RF station, and a large bore 5 T solenoidal superconducting magnet containing a pill box type Cavity with thin removable window apertures allowing dark current studies and breakdown studies of different materials. The results of this study will be presented. The study has shown that the peak achievable accelerating gradient is reduced by almost a factor two in a 4 T field. [1] http://mice.iit.edu/.
	Transparencies
WE101	Gradient Limitations for High-Frequency Accelerators	513
	S. Döbert SLAC, Stanford
	While the physics of gradient limitations in high frequency rf accelerators still lacks a full theoretical understanding, a fairly complete empirical picture has emerged from the experimental work done in the past few years to characterize this phenomenon.Experimental results obtained mostly in the framework of the NLC/GLC project at 11 GHz and from the CLIC study at 30 GHz will be used to illustrate the important trends.The dependence of achievable gradient on pulse length, operating frequency and fabrication materials will be described. Also, the performance results most relevant to linear colliders will be presented in some detail. Specifically, these relate to the requirements that the structures sustain a certain gradient without incurring damaged, and that more importantly, they run reliably at this gradient, with breakdown rates less one in a million pulses. Finally interesting observations concerning the dynamics of breakdowns like spatial and temporal correlations and dark currents will be covered briefly, including the insights they provide into the breakdown mechanism.
	Transparencies
WE102	State of the Art SRF Cavity Performance	518
	L. Lilje DESY, Hamburg
	The paper will review superconducting RF cavity performance for β=1 cavities used in both linear and circular accelerators. These superconducting cavities are used in two kinds of applications: High current storage rings and efficient high duty cycle linacs. In recent years the performance of those cavities has been improving steadily. High accelerating gradients have been achieved using advanced surface preparation techniques like electropolishing and surface cleaning methods like high pressure water rinsing. High intensity beams can be handled with advanced higher-order-mode damping schemes.
	Transparencies
TH301	Intermediate-Velocity Superconducting Accelerating Structures	589
	J. R. Delayen Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	In the last decade, one of the most active areas in the application of the superconducting (SC) rf technology has been for the acceleration of ions to medium energies (~1 GeV/amu). One such accelerator is under construction in the US while others are being proposed in the US, Japan, and Europe. These new facilities require SC accelerating structures operating in a velocity region that has until recently been unexplored, and new types of structures optimized for the velocity range from ~0.2 to ~0.8 c have been developed. We will review the properties of these intermediate-velocity structures, the status of their development, as well as present an overview of the medium-energy superconducting ion accelerator designs being developed world-wide.
	Transparencies
THP04	Fabrication of Superconducting Cavities for SNS	602
	M. Pekeler, S. Bauer, J. Schwellenbach, M. Tradt, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	During the last three years ACCEL fabricated all 109 superconducting cavities for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oakridge, Tennessee. Two series of 35 medium beta (β=0.61) and 74 high beta (β=0.81) cavities have been delivered. Besides cavity manufacturing ACCEL also performed rf tuning and chemical surface preparation. We give an outline on the current manufacturing experience and comment on future developments for industrial cavity production.
	Transparencies
THP05	Superconducting beta=0.15 Quarter-Wave Cavity for RIA	605
	M. Kelly ANL, Argonne, Illinois Z.A. Conway, J.D. Fuerst, M. Kedzie, K.W. Shepard ANL/Phys, Argonne, Illinois
	A production-design 115 MHz niobium quarter-wave cavity with a full stainless steel helium jacket has been built and tested as part of the R&D for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac. The two-gap cavity is designed to accelerate ions over the velocity range 0.14<β<0.24. Processing of the cavity RF surfaces, including high-pressure rinsing and assembly of the cavity with a moveable high-power RF coupler were all performed under clean room conditions. Cold test results including high-field cw operation, microphonics, and helium pressure sensitivity will be presented in this paper. Performance of a pneumatically actuated slow-tuner device suitable not only for this cavity but a number of other cavities required for RIA will also be discussed.
THP06	Cold Tests of a Superconducting Co-Axial Half-Wave Cavity for RIA	608
	M. Kelly ANL, Argonne, Illinois J.D. Fuerst, M. Kedzie, K.W. Shepard ANL/Phys, Argonne, Illinois
	This paper reports cold tests of a superconducting niobium half-wave cavity with integral helium vessel, the design of which is suitable for production for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac. The cavity operates at 172 MHz and can provide more than 2 MV of accelerating voltage per cavity for ions with 0.24<β<0.37. Cavity RF surfaces were prepared using electropolishing, high-pressure rinsing and clean assembly. Measurements of Q₀ show a residual RF surface resistance RS = 5 nΩs in both 2 K and 4 K operations. The cavity can be operated at 4.5 K with E_Acc >10 MV/m (E_Peak >30 MV/m). Performance exceeds RIA specifications of an input power of 12 Watts at 4.5 K and E_Acc = 6.9 MV/m. RMS frequency jitter is only 1.6 Hz at E_Acc = 8 MV/m and T = 4.5 K as determined from microphonics measurements in a realistic accelerator environment connected to the ATLAS refrigerator.
	Transparencies
THP07	Performance Improvement of the Multicell Cavity Prototype for Proton LINAC Projects	611
	B. Visentin, D. Braud, J.P. Charrier, B. Coadou, Y. Gasser, J.P. Poupeau, P. Sahuquet CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette S. Bousson, H. Gassot, H. Saugnac, P. Szott IPN, Orsay G. Devanz CEA/DAPNIA-SACM, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
	The CEA-Saclay/IPN-Orsay collaboration allowed to develop a multicell superconducting cavity prototype (704 MHz, β=0.65). Since the first experimental results[], achieved in a vertical cryostat and the horizontal one "CryHoLab", the accelerating field Eacc has been recently improved up to 19 MV/m (E_peak = 43 MV/m, B_peak = 83 mT, Q₀ = 9.109). E_acc is now limited by quench. The previous one limitation, due to a non understood phenomenon, disappeared . The excellent performances of this 5-cell proton cavity validate the design, the technological choices, the manufacturing and the cavity preparation process. These results augur well for our future R&D program on multicell superconducting cavities within the European CARE/HIPPI framework. [] Proceedings of PAC2003, Portland, USA, TAB047, p.1303**
THP08	The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment	614
	A. Schempp, U. Bartz, N. Müller, J. Thibus, H. Zimmermann IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
	Funneling is a procedure to multiply beam currents of rf-accelerators at low energies. In the ideal case the beam current can be multiplied in several stages without emittance growth. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment consists of two ion sources, a Two-Beam RFQ accelerator, two different funneling deflectors and a beam diagnostic equipment system. The whole set-up is scaled for He⁺ instead of Bi⁺ for the first funneling stage of a HIIF driver. The progress of our experiment and the results of the simulations will be presented.
THP10	Tuner Design for High Power 4-Rod-RFQs	617
	A. Schempp, L. Brendel, B. Hofmann, H. Liebermann IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
	The performance of high power RFQ linacs, as used in spallations sources and proposed for projects like ADxy, IFMIF or high duty factor drivers for RIB application are limited by beam dynamics properties as well as technical limits like sparking, power density, cooling and thermal stresses. A "one piece structure" even possible in theory has to have means for tuning the real fields like exchangable or moving tuners. Tuner design features will be discussed and results will be presented.
THP11	Design of A 352 MHz-Proton-RFQ for GSI	620
	A. Schempp, L. Brendel, B. Hofmann IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
	Part of the future project of GSI is a new p-linac for the production of Antiprotons. The 4- Rod-RFQ operating at 350 MHz has to accelerate up to 100 mA protons from an ECR source. Design studies have been made using the Parmteq- and Microwave Studio codes to optimize beam dynamics properties and the field distribution of the RFQ. Results of the design studies will be presented.
THP12	Superconducting RFQs in the PIAVE Injector	623
	G. Bisoffi, G. Bassato, G. Bezzon, A. Calore, S. Canella, F. Chiurlotto, A. Lombardi, P. Modanese, A.M. Porcellato, S. Stark INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	The PIAVE superconducting RFQs were installed on the linac line and connected to the TCF50 cryogenic system. First results on the on-line resonator performance (e.g. Q-curves, amplitude and phase locking) are described as well as the behaviour of the fast tuners.
THP13	Construction of a 161 MHz, β=0.16 Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonator with Steering Correction for RIA	626
	A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova C. Compton, T.L. Grimm, W. Hartung, F. Marti, R.C. York NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver
	We have built a 161 MHz, β=0.16 superconducting Quarter Wave Resonator with steering correction for the low beta section of RIA. This bulk niobium, double wall cavity, compatible with both separate vacuum between beam line and cryostats or unified one, was designed in collaboration between MSU-NSCL and LNL. The design is suitable for extension to other frequencies, e.g. to obtain the 80 MHz, β=0.085 cavity required in RIA. The shaped drift tube allows correction of the residual QWR steering that can cause emittance growth especially in light ions; this could make this resonator a good alternative to Half-Wave resonators in high intensity proton-deuteron linacs, like the SPES injector project at LNL. First test results will be presented.
THP14	High Beta Cavity Optimization for ISAC-II	627
	R.E. Laxdal, V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver Z.H. Peng CIAE, Beijing
	The linac for ISAC-II comprises twenty cavities of medium beta (β=5.8 and 7.1%) quarter wave cavities now in the installation phase. A second stage will see the installation of ~20 MV of high beta quarter wave cavities (~10.4%). The cavity structure choice depends on the efficiency of operation, cost, stability, beam dynamics and schedule. Two main cavity types are considered; a low frequency 106 MHz option and a high frequency 141 MHz cavity. We compare and contrast the cavity choices.
THP29	Development of C-band Accelerating Section for SuperKEKB	663
	T. Kamitani, N. Delerue, M. Ikeda, K. Kakihara, S. Ohsawa, T. Oogoe, T. Sugimura, T. Takatomi, S. Yamaguchi, K. Yokoyama KEK, Ibaraki Y. Hozumi GUAS/AS, Ibaraki
	For the luminosity upgrade of the present KEK B-factory to SuperKEKB, the injector linac has to increase the positron acceleration energy from 3.5 to 8.0 GeV. In order to double the acceleration field gradient from 21 to 42 MV/m, design studies on C-band accelerator module has started in 2002. First prototype 1-m long accelerating section has been fabricated based upon a design which is half scale of the present S-band section. High power test of the C-band section has been performed at a test stand and later at an accelerator module in the KEKB injector linac. In a beam acceleration test, a field gradient of 41 MV/m is achieved with 43 MW RF power from a klystron. This paper report on the recent status of the high-power test and also the development of a second prototype section.
THP30	Production of S-band Accelerating Structures	666
	C. Piel, K. Dunkel, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	ACCEL currently produces accelerating structures for several scientific laboratories. Multi-cell cavities at S-band frequencies are required for the projects CLIC-driver-linac, DLS and ASP pre-injector linac and the MAMI-C microtron. Based on those projects differences and similarities in design, production technologies and requirements will be addressed.
THP31	A Four-Cell Periodically HOM-Damped RF Cavity for High Current Accelerators	669
	G. Wu, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia J. Sekutowicz DESY, Hamburg A. Sun ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	A periodically Higher Order Mode (HOM) damped RF cavity is a weakly coupled multi-cell RF cavity with HOM couplers periodically mounted between the cells. It was studied as an alternative RF structure between the single cell cavity and superstructure cavity in high beam current application requiring strong damping of the HOMs. The acceleration mode in this design is the lowest frequency mode (Zero Mode) in the pass band, in contrast to the traditional “π” acceleration mode. The acceleration mode of a four-cell Zero Mode cavity has been studied along with the monopole and dipole HOMs. Some HOMs have been modeled in HFSS with waveguide HOM couplers, which were subsequently verified by MAFIA time domain analysis. To understand the tuning challenge for the weakly coupled cavity, ANSYS and SUPERFISH codes were used to simulate the cavity frequency sensitivity and field flatness change within proper tuning range, which will influence the design of the tuner structure. This paper presents this novel accelerating structure that may be used for variety of accelerator applications.
THP32	New Accelerating Modules RF Test at TTF	672
	D. Kostin DESY, Hamburg
	Five new accelerating modules were installed into the TTF tunnel as a part of the VUV FEL Linac. They are tested prior to the linac operation. The RF test includes processing of the superconducting cavities, as well as maximum module performance tests. The test procedure and the achieved performance together with the test statistical analysis are presented.
THP33	Progress toward NLC/GLC Prototype Accelerator Structures	675
	J. Wang, G. Bowden, V.A. Dolgashev, R.M. Jones, J. Lewandowski, C.D. Nantista, S.G. Tantawi SLAC/ARDA, Menlo Park, California C. Adolphsen, D.L. Burke, J.Q. Chan, J. Cornuelle, S. Döbert SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California T. Arkan, C. Boffo, H. Carter, N. Khabiboulline FNAL, Batavia, Illinois N. Baboi DESY, Hamburg D. Finley, I. Gonin, S. Mishra, G. Romanov, N. Solyak Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois Y. Higashi, T. Higo, T. Kumi, Y. Morozumi, N. Toge, K. Ueno KEK, Ibaraki Z. Li, R. Miller, C. Pearson, R.D. Ruth, P.B. Wilson, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The accelerator structure groups for NLC (Next Linear Collider) and GLC (Global Linear Colliders) have successfully collaborated on the research and development of a major series of advanced accelerator structures based on room-temperature technology at X-band frequency. The progress in design, simulation, microwave measurement and high gradient tests are summarized in this paper. The recent effort in design and fabrication of the accelerator structure prototype for the main linac is presented in detail including HOM (High Order Mode) suppression and couplers, fundamental mode couplers, optimized accelerator cavities as well as plans for future structures. We emphasize techniques to reduce the field on the surface of the copper structures (in order to achieve high accelerating gradients), limit the dipole wakefields (to relax alignment tolerance and prevent a beam break up instability) and improve shunt impedance (to reduce the RF power required).
THP34	A High-Power Test of an X-Band Molybdenum-Iris Structure	678
	W. Wuensch, A. Grudiev, T. Heikkinen, I. Syratchev, T. Taborelli, I. Wilson CERN, Geneva C. Adolphsen SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California S. Döbert SLAC, Stanford
	In order to achieve accelerating gradients above 150 MV/m, alternative materials to copper are being investigated by the CLIC study. The potential of refractory metals has already been demonstrated in tests in which a tungsten-iris and a molybdenum-iris structure reached 150 and 193 MV/m respectively (30 GHz and a pulse length of 15 ns). In order to extend the investigation to the pulse lengths required for a linear collider, a molybdenum-iris structure scaled to X-band was tested at the NLCTA. The structure conditioned to only 65 MV/m (100 ns pulse length) in the available testing time and much more slowly than is typical of a copper structure. However the structure showed no sign of saturation and a microscopic inspection of the rf surfaces corroborated that the structure was still at an early stage of conditioning. The X-band and 30 GHz results are compared and what has been learned about material quality, surface preparation and conditioning strategy is discussed.
	Transparencies
THP65	Low-Power RF Tuning of the Spallation Neutron Source Warm LINAC Structures	760
	C. Deibele, G. Johnson ORNL, Oak Ridge J. Billen, N.K. Bultman, J. Stovall LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico J. Error, P. Gibson ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee J. Manolitsas, D. Trompetter ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach A. Vasyuchenko RAS/INR, Moscow L. Young TechSource, Santa Fe, NM
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A conventional 402.5 MHz drift-tube linac (DTL) accelerates the beam from 2.5 to 86 MeV, and the 805 MHz coupled-cavity linac (CCL) continues acceleration to 186 MeV. Tuning the six DTL tanks involves adjusting post-coupler lengths and slug tuners to achieve the design resonant frequency and stabilized field distribution. A 2.5 MW klystron feeds RF power into each DTL tank through a ridge-loaded waveguide that does not perturb either the frequency or field distribution in the tank. The CCL consists of 4 RF modules operating in the βλ/2 mode. Each module contains 96 accelerating cavities in 12 segments of 8 cavities each, 11 active bridge coupler cavities, and 106 nominally unexcited coupling cavities. For each RF module, power from a single 5 MW klystron splits once and drives bridge couplers 3 and 9. We will discuss the special tools and measurement techniques developed for the low-power tuning activities.
THP66	Measurement and Control of Microphonics in High Loaded-Q Superconducting RF Cavities	763
	T.L. Grimm, W. Hartung, T.H. Kandil, H. Khalil, J. Popielarski, J. Vincent, R.C. York NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan C. Radcliffe MSU, East Lansing, Michigan
	Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linacs with light beam loading, such as the CEBAF upgrade, RIA and energy recovery linacs, operate more efficiently with loaded-Q values >1·10⁷. The narrow band-width puts stringent limits on acceptable levels of vibration, also called microphonics, that detune the SRF cavities. Typical sources of vibration are rotating machinery, fluid fluctuations and ground motion. A prototype RIA 805 MHz v/c=0.47 cryomodule is presently under test in realistic operating conditions [1]. Real-time frequency detuning measurements were made for modulation rates from DC to 1 kHz. At 2 K the maximum frequency deviation was less than 100 Hz peak-to-peak, and was consistent with high loaded-Q operation. The measured modulation spectrum was primarily made up of discrete Fourier components with modulation frequencies less than 80 Hz. Using an accelerometer and helium pressure transducer, the primary sources of vibration were determined to be the high power cryoplant motors and 2 K helium fluctuations. Adaptive feedforward was used to decrease the magnitude of individual Fourier components by four to ten times [2]. Details of the experimental setup and measurements will be presented. [1] “Experimental Study of an 805 MHz Cryomodule for the Rare Isotope Accelerator”, T.L. Grimm et al., THP70, these proceedings. [2] “Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC) of Sinusoidal Disturbances in SRF Cavities”, H. Khalil et al., TUP76, these proceedings.
	Transparencies
THP67	Traveling Wave and Standing Wave Single Cell High Gradient Tests	766
	V.A. Dolgashev SLAC/ARDB, Menlo Park, California Y. Higashi, T. Higo KEK, Ibaraki C.D. Nantista, S.G. Tantawi SLAC/ARDA, Menlo Park, California
	Accelerating gradient is one of the crucial parameters affecting design, construction and cost of next-generation linear accelerators. Operating accelerating gradient in normal conducting accelerating structures is limited by rf breakdown. In this paper we describe an experimental setup for study of these limits for 11.4 GHz traveling-wave and standing-wave accelerating structures. The setup uses matched mode converters that launch the circular TM01 mode and short test structures. The test structures are designed so that the electromagnetic fields in one cell mimic the fields in prototype structures for the Next Linear Collider. Fields elsewhere in the test structures and in the mode converters are significantly lower then in this single cell. This setup allows economic testing of different cell geometries, cell materials and preparation techniques with short turn around time. In this paper we present design considerations and initial experimental data.
THP68	The Simulation Calculations And Dielectric Characteristics Investigation of a Hybrid Dielectric-Iris-Loaded Travelling Accelerating Structure	769
	C.-F. Wu USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	Mafia code has been used to calculate the RF properties versus the geometric parameters and dielectric permittivity of the X-band (f=9.37 GHz) hybrid dielectric-iris-loaded travelling accelerating structure. The simulation results show that when the range of the permittivity is about 5–9 and the geometric parameters are optimized, the new structure may have lower ratio (about 1) of peak surface electric field at the iris to axial accelerating electric field , while r, Q, r/Q of the new structure being comparable to iris-loaded accelerating structure. The experimental investigation of the permittivity of the dielectric (ceramic)has been made by using the cavity perturbation technique. The results show that the permittivity of the ceramic is about 5.8 at the X-band and its stability is good.The above results will be applied to the design of the new accelerating structure, which may be a potential candidate of high gradient Linear accelerator.
THP69	The Tuning Study of the Coupled Cavities for the RF Chopper System of J-PARC	770
	S. Wang, S. Fu IHEP Beijing, Beijing T. Kato KEK, Ibaraki
	A 3 MeV medium-energy beam transport line (MEBT) is located between RFQ and DTL in the linac of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). MEBT accomplishes beam matching and chopping. An rf deflector (RFD), which is a heavily loaded cavity, was adopted as a chopper in J-PARC linac for chopping 500 μs long macropulses from the ion source into sub-pulses for injecting into the following 3 GeV rapid-cycling ring. A coupled RFD system was proposed in the design of chopper system for saving the cost of rf power source. The tuning of the coupled RFD system was successfully performed. The longer rise time of the second RFD and the delay of the second RFD excitation were found during the tuning of the coupled RFD system, and these phenomena were further analyzed and investigated. Both in the high power and beam tests, the chopper worked well without any discharge under 36 kW peak driving power.
THP70	Experimental Study of an 805 MHz Cryomodule for the Rare Isotope Accelerator	773
	T.L. Grimm, S. Bricker, C. Compton, W. Hartung, M. Johnson, F. Marti, J. Popielarski, R.C. York NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan G. Ciovati, P. Kneisel Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia L. Turlington TJNAF, Newport News, Virginia
	The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac will use superconducting, 805 MHz, 6-cell elliptical cavities with geometric β values of 0.47, 0.61 and 0.81. Each elliptical cavity cryomodule will have four cavities [1]. Room temperature sections between each cryomodule will consist of quadrupole doublets, beam instrumentation, and vacuum systems. Michigan State University (MSU) has designed a compact cryostat that reduces the tunnel cross-section and improves the linac real estate gradient. The cold mass alignment is accomplished with a titanium rail system supported by adjustable nitronic links from the top vacuum plate, and is similar to that used for existing MSU magnet designs. The same concept has also been designed to accommodate the quarter-wave and half-wave resonators with superconducting solenoids used at lower velocity in RIA. Construction of a prototype β=0.47 cryomodule was completed in February 2004 and is presently under test in realistic operating conditions. Experimental results will be presented including: alignment, electromagnetic performance, frequency tuning, cryogenic performance, low-level rf control, and control of microphonics. [1] “Cryomodule Design for the Rare Isotope Accelerator”, T.L. Grimm, M. Johnson and R.C. York, PAC2003, Portland OR (2003)
THP71	First Experience with Dry-Ice Cleaning on SRF Cavities	776
	D. Reschke, A. Brinkmann DESY, Hamburg G. Müller BUW, Wuppertal D. Werner IPA, Stuttgart
	The surface of superconducting (s.c.) accelerator cavities must be cleaned from any kind of contaminations, like particles or chemical residues. Contaminations might act as centers for field emission, thus limiting the maximum gradient. Today's final cleaning is based on high pressure rinsing with ultra pure water. Application of dry-ice cleaning might result in additional cleaning potential. Dry-ice cleaning using the sublimation-impulse method removes particulate and film contaminations without residues. As a first qualifying step intentionally contaminated niobium samples were treated by dry ice cleaning. It resulted in a drastic reduction of DC field emission up to fields of 100 MV/m as well as in the reduction of particle numbers. The dry ice jet caused no observable surface damage. First cleaning tests on single-cell cavities showed Q-values at low fields up to 4x10¹⁰ at 1.8 K. Gradients up to 32 MV/m were achieved, but field emission still is the limiting effect. Further tests are planned to optimize the dry-ice cleaning technique.
THP72	A Newly Designed and Optimized CLIC Main Linac Accelerating Structure	779
	A. Grudiev, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva
	A new CLIC main-linac accelerating-structure design, HDS (Hybrid Damped Structure), with improved high-gradient performance, efficiency and simplicity of fabrication is presented. The gains are achieved in part through a new cell design which includes fully-profiled rf surfaces optimized to minimize surface fields and hybrid damping using both iris slots and radial waveguides. The slotted irises allow a simple structure fabrication in quadrants with no rf currents across joints. Further gains are achieved through a new structure optimization procedure, which simultaneously balances surface fields, power flow, short and long-range transverse wakefields, rf-to-beam efficiency and the ratio of luminosity to input power. The optimization of a 30 GHz structure with a loaded accelerating gradient of 150 MV/m results in a bunch spacing of eight rf cycles and 29% rf-to-beam efficiency. The dependencies of performance on operating frequency, accelerating gradient, and phase advance per cell are shown.
THP82	Experiences in Fabrication and Testing the Prototype of the 4.90 GHz Accelerating Sections for MAMI C	788
	A. Jankowiak, H. Euteneuer, S. Schumann, O. Tchoubarov IKP, Mainz
	The fourth stage of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) is under construction as a 855 to 1500 MeV Harmonic Double Sided Microtron[1], with one of its two linacs operating at the MAMI-frequency of 2.45 GHz, the other at 4.90 GHz. The bi-periodic on axis coupled accelerating structure in operation at MAMI has been optimised for 4.90 GHz[2], such a high frequency till now not having been used for high power cw-acceleration. To ensure a smooth and efficient industrial production of the ten 35 AC-sections needed, a prototype was built and high power tested fully in-house at IKPH. After a short recapitulation of the design of the cavity profile, the configuration of the section with its tuners and diagnostic probes is discussed. Details of the procedures of machining, tuning and brazing the resonator discs, and the rf-parameters achieved for the section are given. Finally, the experiences and measurements during its high power test up to 22 kW are reported: the conditioning behaviour and the irreversible permanent as well as the reversible dynamic changes of passband gap and resonance frequency as a function of maximal applied rf-power. [1] A. Jankowiak et al., "Design and Status of the 1.5 GeV-Harmonic Double Sided Microtron for MAMI", Proceedings EPAC2002, [2] H. Euteneuer et al., "The 4.90GHz Accelerating structure for MAMI C", Proceedings EPAC2000
	Transparencies
THP83	Measurements of High Order Modes in High Phase Advance Damped Detuned Accelerating Structure for NLC	791
	N. Khabiboulline, T. Arkan, H. Carter FNAL, Batavia, Illinois G. Linder University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois G. Romanov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The RF Technology Development group at Fermilab is working together with the NLC and JLC groups at SLAC and KEK on developing technology for room temperature X-band accelerating structures for a future linear collider. We have built several series of structures for high gradient tests. We have also built 150° phase advance per cell, 60 cm long, damped and detuned structures (HDDS or FXC series). Some of these structures will be used for the 8-pack test at SLAC by the end of 2004, as part of the JLC/NLC effort to demonstrate the readiness of room temperature RF technology for a linear collider. HDSS structures are very close to the final design for the linear collider, and it was very interesting to study the properties of high order modes in the structures produced by semi-industrial methods. In this study advanced RF technique and methods developed at Fermilab for structure low power testing and tuning have been used. The results of these measurements are presented in this paper.
THP84	Design of a 300 GHz Broadband TWT Coupler and RF-Structure	794
	F.L. Krawczyk, F.E. Sigler LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico B.E. Carlsten, L.M. Earley LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico J.M. Potter JP Accelerator Works, Inc., 2245, Los Alamos, NM M.E. Schulze GA, Los Alamos E. Smirnova MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
	Recent LANL activities in millimeter wave structures focus on 94 and 300 GHz structures. They aim at power generation from low power (100–2000 W) with a round electron beam (120 kV, 0.1–1.0 A) to high power (2–100 kW) with a sheet beam structure (120 kV, 20 A). Applications cover basic research, radar and secure communications and remote sensing of biological and chemical agents. In this presentation the design and cold-test measurements of a 300 GHz RF-structure with a broadband (>6% bandwidth) power coupler are presented. The design choice of two input/output waveguides, a special coupling region and the structure parameters themselves are presented. As a benchmark also a scaled up version at 10 GHz was designed and measured. These results will also be presented.
THP85	Test Results of the 3.9 GHz Cavity at Fermilab	797
	N. Solyak, I. Gonin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois L. Bellantoni, T. Berenc, H. Edwards, M. Foley, N. Khabiboulline, D. Mitchell, A. Rowe FNAL, Batavia, Illinois
	Fermilab is developing two types of 3.9 GHz superconducting cavities to improve performances of A0 and TTF photoinjectors. In frame of this project we have built and tested two nine-cell copper models and one 3-cell niobium accelertating cavity and series of deflecting cavities. Properties of the high order modes were carefully studied in a chain of two copper cavities at room temperature. High gradient performance were tested at helium temperature. Achieved gradients and surface resistances are exceed goal parameters. In paper we discuss results of cold tests of the 3-cell accelerating and deflecting cavities.
THP86	Low Power Measurements on a Finger Drift Tube Linac	800
	A. Schempp, K.-U. Kühnel IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main C.P. Welsch MPI-K, Heidelberg
	The efficiency of RFQs decreases at higher particle energies. The DTL structures used in this energy regions have a defocusing influence on the beam. To achieve a focusing effect, fingers with quadrupole symmetry were added to the drift tubes. Driven by the same power supply as the drift tubes, the fingers do not need an additional power source or feedthrough. Beam dynamics have been studied with PARMTEQ . Detailed analysis of the field distribution was done and the geometry of the finger array has been optimized with respect to beam dynamics. A spiral loaded cavity with finger drift tubes was built up and low power measurements were done. In this contribution, the results of the rf simulating with Microwave Studio are shown in comparison with bead pertubation measurement on a prototype cavity.
THP87	Accelerator Structure Bead Pull Measurement at SLAC	803
	J. Lewandowski, G. Bowden, J. Wang SLAC/ARDA, Menlo Park, California R. Miller SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Microwave measurement and tuning of accelerator structures are important issues for the current and next generation of high energy physics machines. Application of these measurements both before and after high power processing can reveal information about the structure but may be misinterpreted if measurement conditions are not carefully controlled. For this reason extensive studies to characterize the microwave measurements at have been made at SLAC. For the beadpull a reproducible measurement of less than 1 degree of phase accuracy in total phase drift is needed in order to resolve issues such as phase changes due to structure damage during high power testing. Factors contributing to measurement errors include temperature drift, mechanical vibration, and limitations of measurement equipment such as the network analyzer. Results of this continuing effort will be presented.
THP88	Longitudinal Bunch Shape Monitor Using the Beam Chopper of the J-PARC	806
	F. Naito KEK, Ibaraki
	We propose the longitudinal bunch shape monitor for the low energy part of the linac of the J-PARC. The monitor uses the beam chopper cavity installled in the MEBT line between thr RFQ and the DTL of the J-PARC as a kind of the bunch rotator. Consequentry the longitudinal bunch shape is measured along the horizontal direction. If we can measure the energy distribution of the bunch also, the longitudinal emittance of the beam is derived. In the paper, the basic idea of the monitor is discussed in detail.
THP89	Measured RF Properties of the DTL for the J-PARC	809
	H. Tanaka, T. Kato, F. Naito, E. Takasaki KEK, Ibaraki H. Asano, T. Morishita JAERI, Ibaraki-ken T. Itou JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
	RF properties of the second DTL tank for J-PARC have been measured in KEK. The required flatness and stability of the accelerating field of the tank have been achieved by the tunung of the post-couplers, whose shape were modified to adjust the resonant frequency ?324 MHz). Because the third DTL tank has assembled, the rf measurement and the post-coupler tuning will be started soon. Thus the measured results for both tanks will be described in the paper.
THP90	The Technique for the Numerical Tolerances Estimations in the Construction of Compensated Accelerating Structures	812
	V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skasyrskaya RAS/INR, Moscow
	The requirements to the cells manufacturing precision and tining in the multi-cells accelerating structures construction came from the required accelerating field uniformity, based on the beam dynamics demands. The standard deviation of the field distribution depends on accelerating and coupling modes frequencies deviations, stop-band width and coupling coefficient deviations. These deviations can be determined from 3D fields distribution for accelerating and coupling modes and the cells surface displacements. With modern software it can be done separately for every specified part of the cell surface. Finally, the cell surface displacements are defined from the cell dimensions deviations. This technique allows both to define qualitatively the critical regions and to optimize quantitatively the tolerances definition.
THP92	Effect of the Tuner on the Field Flatness of SNS Superconducting RF Cavities	815
	A. Sun ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee H. Wang, G. Wu Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Field flatness in a multi-cell superconducting cavity affects not only the net accelerating voltage, but also the peak surface field and the Lorenz Force detuning coefficient. Our measurement indicates that the field flatness changes both external Q of the Fundamental Power Coupler (FPC) and external Q of the Field Probe (FP). The field amplitude tilts linearly to the distance between the cell center and the cavity’s geometry center (pivot point). The tilt rate has been measured in a cryomodule cold (2 K) test, being about 2%/100 kHz, relative the field flatness at the cavity’s center frequency of 805 MHz. Bead-pull measurements confirmed that the field flatness change is 2.0%/100 kHz for a medium β cavity with helium vessel, and 1.72%/100 kHz without helium vessel. These results matched the predictions of simulations using ANSYS and SUPERFISH. A detailed analysis reveals that longitudinal capacitive gap deformation is the main cause of the frequency change. Field flatness change was not only due to the uneven stored energy change within the cell, but also due to cell-to-cell coupling.