IPAC2021 - Table of Session: THXC (Thursday Oral Parallel C)

Paper	Title	Page
THXC01	Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy
	C. Johnstone Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Cancer therapies include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The prevailing method creates a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissue, with treatment limited by normal tissue toxicity and patients experiencing acute side effects. Recently, a different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged, supported by preclinical research based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) refers to novel radiation techniques delivering therapeutic radiation doses with ultra-high dose rates. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared by FLASH-RT, whereas tumors are not. The dose delivery conditions are not fully characterized, but it is estimated that doses (>10 Gy) delivered in >100 ms produce optimal sparing effects. There are many technical challenges for the accelerator communities to create and monitor the required dose rates with novel and compact accelerators and fast large-area monitors for FLASH-RT, to ensure safe and reproducible beam delivery. This presentation reviews current R&D in the FLASH effect and promising innovative beam technologies.
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THXC02	Enhancing Particle Beam Therapy Through the Use of Mixed Ion Beams
	S. Jolly UCL, London, United Kingdom
	Particle beam therapy treatment with protons and light ions provides significant improvements over conventional X-ray radiotherapy due to the Bragg peak. However, the improved dose conformity of particle therapy requires a corresponding improvement in the accuracy of dose delivery to prevent underdosing of the tumour and overdosing of the surrounding healthy tissue. In vivo measurements of dose delivery have proved challenging: real-time systems for measuring delivered dose have yet to be realised. One possibility for ion therapy systems is through Helium-Carbon mixing. By diluting the Carbon treatment beam with a small quantity of Helium ions and accelerating to the same energy per nucleon, a diagnostic signal can be obtained: with a negligible increase to the delivered dose, the Helium beam exits the patient, providing diagnostic information on the tissue being treated and thereby providing real-time information on the position and range accuracy of the delivered dose. This talk describes the background to ion beam therapy and gives insight into experiments carried out to realise clinical Helium-Carbon mixing. The challenges for future systems are also discussed.
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THXC03	Evolution of the High-Power Spallation Neutron Mercury Target at the SNS	3735
	D.E. Winder ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: UT-Battelle, LLC, under Grant DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) began operation in 2006 and first operated at its full 1.4 MW power in 2013. Targets, which receive the pulsed proton beam, were a limiting factor for reliable full power operation for several years. Reaching reliable target operation at 1.4 MW required not only changes to the target design but also support and coordination across the entire SNS enterprise. The history and some key lessons learned are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC03
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021
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THXC04	Neutrons for Today and Tomorrow - the HBS Project for Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Sources
	T. Gutberlet JCNS, Jülich, Germany
	Accelerator-driven neutron sources with high brilliance neutron provision present an alternative to classical neutron sources of fission reactors and spallation sources to provide scientists with neutrons to probe the structure and dynamics of matter. The Jülich Centre for Neutron Science has started a project to develop, design and demonstrate compact accelerator-driven high-brilliance neutron sources (HBS) as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to current low- and medium-flux reactor and spallation sources. The HBS will consist of a high current proton accelerator, a compact neutron production and moderator unit, and an optimized neutron transport system to provide thermal and cold neutrons with high brilliance. The project offers the construction of a scalable neutron source ranging from university based neutron laboratory to a full user facility with open access and service. Embedded within international collaboration with partners from Germany, Europe and Japan the Jülich HBS project will offer flexible solutions to the scientific. We will describe the current status of the project, the next steps, milestones, and the vision for the future neutron landscape in Europe.
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THXC05	Simulation of Imaging Using Accelerated Muon Beams	3740
	M. Otani KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan H.M. Miyadera LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA T. Shiba Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Muons are elementary particles with strong penetrating power and cosmic-ray muons have been utilized to see through large structures such as the pyramids. Recently, we have succeeded in accelerating muons using a radio-frequency accelerator, opening the door to new imaging techniques using accelerated muon beams. Currently, imaging with cosmic-ray muons is limited in imaging time and resolution by their intensity and energy fluctuations. The muon beams can have high intensity and monochromatic energy, allowing for better resolution imaging in less time. In this poster, imaging of spent nuclear fuel in casks using cosmic rays and muon beams, as well as imaging in other cases, will be evaluated and compared.
	Poster THXC05 [2.560 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC05
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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THXC06	Design and Measurements of an X-Band 8 MeV Standing-Wave Electron Accelerator	3744
	F. Liu, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, C.-X. Tang, H. Zha TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	X-band low-energy electron linear accelerators are attractive to industrial and medical applications due to the compact size. In this work we present tests of an 8 MeV X-band accelerator for industrial use. It adopts the coaxial coupling standing wave structure working at 9300 MHz. The accelerator length is 50 cm including the cavity, thermal gun, and electron window. Dedicated bunching cells are designed to reduce the energy spread. In the high power tests, the accelerator was able to generate the electron beam with RMS energy spread less than 1% (beam energy: 8.1 MeV, peak current: 45 mA). Combining features of compact size and the low energy spread, this X-band accelerator design is valuable for various applications.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC06
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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THXC07	Adaptive Control of Klystron Operation Parameters for Energy Saving at Storage Ring of TPS	3748
	T.-C. Yu, F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	To satisfy maximum beam current operation in the storage ring of TPS, the operation parameters of both RF transmitters are set to be able to generate its maxi-mum RF power in daily usage. Under such condition, the klystrons can deliver any power below 300kW at constant AC power consumption which is about 520-530 kW. Hence, the AC power usage is independent of the required RF output power. To best utilize the avail-able AC power based on the required RF power, an adaptive control methodology is proposed here to change the operation parameters of the klystron, cath-ode voltage and anode voltage, according to the pre-sent RF power. The corresponding operation parame-ters are applied by the prior tested table which maps the operation parameters with the different saturation RF power. The test results show that the saved energy can be 32% to 11% from 30mA to 450mA for both RF plants as comparing to constant operation parameters of 1047 kW AC power.
	Slides THXC07 [1.241 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC07
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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Paper

Title

Page

THXC01

Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy

C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Cancer therapies include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The prevailing method creates a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissue, with treatment limited by normal tissue toxicity and patients experiencing acute side effects. Recently, a different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged, supported by preclinical research based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) refers to novel radiation techniques delivering therapeutic radiation doses with ultra-high dose rates. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared by FLASH-RT, whereas tumors are not. The dose delivery conditions are not fully characterized, but it is estimated that doses (>10 Gy) delivered in >100 ms produce optimal sparing effects. There are many technical challenges for the accelerator communities to create and monitor the required dose rates with novel and compact accelerators and fast large-area monitors for FLASH-RT, to ensure safe and reproducible beam delivery. This presentation reviews current R&D in the FLASH effect and promising innovative beam technologies.

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC02

Enhancing Particle Beam Therapy Through the Use of Mixed Ion Beams

S. Jolly
UCL, London, United Kingdom

Particle beam therapy treatment with protons and light ions provides significant improvements over conventional X-ray radiotherapy due to the Bragg peak. However, the improved dose conformity of particle therapy requires a corresponding improvement in the accuracy of dose delivery to prevent underdosing of the tumour and overdosing of the surrounding healthy tissue. In vivo measurements of dose delivery have proved challenging: real-time systems for measuring delivered dose have yet to be realised. One possibility for ion therapy systems is through Helium-Carbon mixing. By diluting the Carbon treatment beam with a small quantity of Helium ions and accelerating to the same energy per nucleon, a diagnostic signal can be obtained: with a negligible increase to the delivered dose, the Helium beam exits the patient, providing diagnostic information on the tissue being treated and thereby providing real-time information on the position and range accuracy of the delivered dose. This talk describes the background to ion beam therapy and gives insight into experiments carried out to realise clinical Helium-Carbon mixing. The challenges for future systems are also discussed.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC03

Evolution of the High-Power Spallation Neutron Mercury Target at the SNS

3735

D.E. Winder
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: UT-Battelle, LLC, under Grant DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE).
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) began operation in 2006 and first operated at its full 1.4 MW power in 2013. Targets, which receive the pulsed proton beam, were a limiting factor for reliable full power operation for several years. Reaching reliable target operation at 1.4 MW required not only changes to the target design but also support and coordination across the entire SNS enterprise. The history and some key lessons learned are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC03

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC04

Neutrons for Today and Tomorrow - the HBS Project for Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Sources

T. Gutberlet
JCNS, Jülich, Germany

Accelerator-driven neutron sources with high brilliance neutron provision present an alternative to classical neutron sources of fission reactors and spallation sources to provide scientists with neutrons to probe the structure and dynamics of matter. The Jülich Centre for Neutron Science has started a project to develop, design and demonstrate compact accelerator-driven high-brilliance neutron sources (HBS) as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to current low- and medium-flux reactor and spallation sources. The HBS will consist of a high current proton accelerator, a compact neutron production and moderator unit, and an optimized neutron transport system to provide thermal and cold neutrons with high brilliance. The project offers the construction of a scalable neutron source ranging from university based neutron laboratory to a full user facility with open access and service. Embedded within international collaboration with partners from Germany, Europe and Japan the Jülich HBS project will offer flexible solutions to the scientific. We will describe the current status of the project, the next steps, milestones, and the vision for the future neutron landscape in Europe.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC05

Simulation of Imaging Using Accelerated Muon Beams

3740

M. Otani
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
H.M. Miyadera
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
T. Shiba
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Muons are elementary particles with strong penetrating power and cosmic-ray muons have been utilized to see through large structures such as the pyramids. Recently, we have succeeded in accelerating muons using a radio-frequency accelerator, opening the door to new imaging techniques using accelerated muon beams. Currently, imaging with cosmic-ray muons is limited in imaging time and resolution by their intensity and energy fluctuations. The muon beams can have high intensity and monochromatic energy, allowing for better resolution imaging in less time. In this poster, imaging of spent nuclear fuel in casks using cosmic rays and muon beams, as well as imaging in other cases, will be evaluated and compared.

Poster THXC05 [2.560 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC05

About •

paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC06

Design and Measurements of an X-Band 8 MeV Standing-Wave Electron Accelerator

3744

F. Liu, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, C.-X. Tang, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

X-band low-energy electron linear accelerators are attractive to industrial and medical applications due to the compact size. In this work we present tests of an 8 MeV X-band accelerator for industrial use. It adopts the coaxial coupling standing wave structure working at 9300 MHz. The accelerator length is 50 cm including the cavity, thermal gun, and electron window. Dedicated bunching cells are designed to reduce the energy spread. In the high power tests, the accelerator was able to generate the electron beam with RMS energy spread less than 1% (beam energy: 8.1 MeV, peak current: 45 mA). Combining features of compact size and the low energy spread, this X-band accelerator design is valuable for various applications.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC06

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THXC07

Adaptive Control of Klystron Operation Parameters for Energy Saving at Storage Ring of TPS

3748

T.-C. Yu, F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

To satisfy maximum beam current operation in the storage ring of TPS, the operation parameters of both RF transmitters are set to be able to generate its maxi-mum RF power in daily usage. Under such condition, the klystrons can deliver any power below 300kW at constant AC power consumption which is about 520-530 kW. Hence, the AC power usage is independent of the required RF output power. To best utilize the avail-able AC power based on the required RF power, an adaptive control methodology is proposed here to change the operation parameters of the klystron, cath-ode voltage and anode voltage, according to the pre-sent RF power. The corresponding operation parame-ters are applied by the prior tested table which maps the operation parameters with the different saturation RF power. The test results show that the saved energy can be 32% to 11% from 30mA to 450mA for both RF plants as comparing to constant operation parameters of 1047 kW AC power.

Slides THXC07 [1.241 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC07

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)