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@unpublished{johnstone:ipac2021-thxc01,
author = {C. Johnstone},
title = {{Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy}},
booktitle = {Proc. IPAC'21},
language = {english},
intype = {presented at the},
series = {International Particle Accelerator Conference},
number = {12},
venue = {Campinas, SP, Brazil},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {08},
year = {2021},
note = {presented at IPAC'21 in Campinas, SP, Brazil, unpublished},
abstract = {{Cancer therapies include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The prevailing method creates a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissue, with treatment limited by normal tissue toxicity and patients experiencing acute side effects. Recently, a different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged, supported by preclinical research based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) refers to novel radiation techniques delivering therapeutic radiation doses with ultra-high dose rates. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared by FLASH-RT, whereas tumors are not. The dose delivery conditions are not fully characterized, but it is estimated that doses (>10 Gy) delivered in >100 ms produce optimal sparing effects. There are many technical challenges for the accelerator communities to create and monitor the required dose rates with novel and compact accelerators and fast large-area monitors for FLASH-RT, to ensure safe and reproducible beam delivery. This presentation reviews current R&D in the FLASH effect and promising innovative beam technologies.}},
}