IPAC2021 - List of Authors (Xu, D.)

Paper	Title	Page
WEPAB252	Transient Beam-Beam Effect During Electron Bunch Replacement in the EIC	3228
	J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, C. Montag, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The high luminosity, high polarization electron-ion collider (EIC) will provide great opportunities in nuclear physics study. In order to maintain high polarization, the electron beam will be replaced every few minutes during the collider operation. This frequent replacement of electron beams can affect proton beam quality during the collision. In this paper, we report on the study of the transient effect of electron beam replacement on proton beam emittance growth through strong-strong beam-beam simulation. The effect of electron beam injection imperfection will be included in the study.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB252
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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WEPAB005	Design Status Update of the Electron-Ion Collider	2585
	C. Montag, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Bassi, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, J.M. Brennan, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, Z.A. Conway, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, Y. Hao, A. Hershcovitch, C. Hetzel, D. Holmes, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, D. Marx, G.T. McIntyre, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S.K. Nayak, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, B. Podobedov, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S. Seletskiy, V.V. Smaluk, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, S. Verdú-Andrés, E. Wang, D. Weiss, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA S.V. Benson, J.M. Grames, F. Lin, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, E.A. Nissen, J.P. Preble, R.A. Rimmer, T. Satogata, A. Seryi, M. Wiseman, W. Wittmer, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov, G. Stupakov, M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA K.E. Deitrick, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, J.E. Unger Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA T. Satogata ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA D. Xu FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by BSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704, by JSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and by SLAC under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The design of the electron-ion collider EIC to be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been continuously evolving towards a realistic and robust design that meets all the requirements set forth by the nuclear physics community in the White Paper. Over the past year activities have been focused on maturing the design, and on developing alternatives to mitigate risk. These include improvements of the interaction region design as well as modifications of the hadron ring vacuum system to accommodate the high average and peak beam currents. Beam dynamics studies have been performed to determine and optimize the dynamic aperture in the two collider rings and the beam-beam performance. We will present the EIC design with a focus on recent developments.
	Poster WEPAB005 [2.095 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB005
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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WEPAB008	Numerical Noise Study in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations	2592
	D. Xu, Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Luo, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	In the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) design, a flat beam collision scheme is adopted to achieve 1e34 luminosity. We found that the vertical growth of the proton beam is much larger than of the round beam. In this article we present the numerical noise study about the number of macroparticles, the electron slice number, and the electron bunch length. Both weak-strong and strong-strong simulation methods are used. It turns out the proton emittance growth in the strong-strong simulation mainly comes from the numberical noise. This study helps us to perform beam-beam simulation correctly for EIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB008
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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WEPAB009	Study of Harmonic Crab Cavity in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations	2595
	D. Xu, Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Luo, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	In the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) design, crab cavities are adopted to compensate the geometric luminosity loss from the crossing angle. From previous studies, higher-order synchro-betatron resonances are excited since the hadron beam is long and the crossing angle is large. To reduce the luminosity degradation rate, different combinations of harmonic crab cavities are studied with both weak-strong and strong-strong simulation methods. The frequency map analysis (FMA) is also used for comparison. This study helps determine the crab cavity parameters for the future EIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB009
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021
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WEPAB010	Full Range Tune Scan Studies Using Graphics Processing Units with CUDA in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations	2598
	D. Xu, Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Luo, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The hadron beam in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) suffers high order betatron and synchro-betatron resonances. In this paper, we present a weak-strong full range (0.0~0.5) fractional tune scan with a step size as small as 0.001. Multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are used to speed up the simulation. A code parallelized with MPI and CUDA is implemented. The good tune region from weak-strong scan is further checked by the self-consistent strong-strong simulation. This study provides beam dynamics guidance in choosing proper working points for the future EIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB010
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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THPAB015	Studies of the Imperfection in Crab Crossing Scheme for Electron-Ion Collider	3784
	Y. Hao, J.S. Berg, D. Holmes, Y. Luo, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA V.S. Morozov JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D. Xu FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Crab crossing scheme is the essential scheme that accommodates large crossing angle without loss of luminosity in the design of Electron-Ion collider (EIC). The ideal optics and phase advances of the crab cavity pair are set to create a local crabbing bump in the interaction region (IR). However, there are always small errors in the actual lattice of IR. In this article, we will present the simulation and analytical studies on the imperfections in the crab crossing scheme in the EIC design. The tolerance of the imperfection and the possible remedies can be concluded from these studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB015
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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THPAB028	Beam-Beam Related Design Parameter Optimization for the Electron-Ion Collider	3808
	Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao, D. Xu FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA H. Huang ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The design luminosity goal for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is 1e34 cm^-2s⁻¹. To achieve such a high luminosity, the EIC design adopts high bunch intensities, flat beams at the interaction point (IP) with a small vertical β^*-function, and a high collision frequency, together with crab cavities to compensate the geometrical luminosity loss due to the large crossing angle of 25mrad. In this article, we present our strategies and approaches to obtain the design luminosity by optimizing some key beam-beam related design parameters. Through our extensive strong-strong and weak-strong beam-beam simulations, we found that beam flatness, electron and proton beam size matching at the IP, electron and proton working points, and synchro-betatron resonances arising from the crossing angle collision play a crucial role in proton beam size growth and luminosity degradation. After optimizing those parameters, we found a set of beam-beam related design parameters to reach the design luminosity with an acceptable beam-beam performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB028
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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THPAB029	Dynamic Aperture Evaluation for the Hadron Storage Ring in the Electron-Ion Collider	3812
	Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao, D. Xu FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA H. Huang ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA V.S. Morozov, E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is aiming at a design luminosity of 1e34 cm^-2s⁻¹. To maintain such a high luminosity, both beams in the EIC need an acceptable beam lifetime in the presence of the beam-beam interaction. For this purpose, we carried out weak-strong element-by-element particle tracking to evaluate the long-term dynamic aperture for the hadron ring lattice design. We improved our simulation code SimTrack to treat some new lattice design features, such as radially offset on-momentum orbits, coordinate transformations in the interaction region, etc. In this article, we will present the preliminary dynamic aperture calculation results with β^*- function scan, radial orbit shift, crossing angle collision, and magnetic field errors.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB029
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Transient Beam-Beam Effect During Electron Bunch Replacement in the EIC

3228

J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, C. Montag, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The high luminosity, high polarization electron-ion collider (EIC) will provide great opportunities in nuclear physics study. In order to maintain high polarization, the electron beam will be replaced every few minutes during the collider operation. This frequent replacement of electron beams can affect proton beam quality during the collision. In this paper, we report on the study of the transient effect of electron beam replacement on proton beam emittance growth through strong-strong beam-beam simulation. The effect of electron beam injection imperfection will be included in the study.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB252

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPAB005

Design Status Update of the Electron-Ion Collider

2585

C. Montag, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Bassi, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, J.M. Brennan, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, Z.A. Conway, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, Y. Hao, A. Hershcovitch, C. Hetzel, D. Holmes, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, D. Marx, G.T. McIntyre, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S.K. Nayak, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, B. Podobedov, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S. Seletskiy, V.V. Smaluk, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, S. Verdú-Andrés, E. Wang, D. Weiss, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
S.V. Benson, J.M. Grames, F. Lin, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, E.A. Nissen, J.P. Preble, R.A. Rimmer, T. Satogata, A. Seryi, M. Wiseman, W. Wittmer, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov, G. Stupakov, M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
K.E. Deitrick, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, J.E. Unger
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
T. Satogata
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
D. Xu
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by BSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704, by JSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and by SLAC under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design of the electron-ion collider EIC to be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been continuously evolving towards a realistic and robust design that meets all the requirements set forth by the nuclear physics community in the White Paper. Over the past year activities have been focused on maturing the design, and on developing alternatives to mitigate risk. These include improvements of the interaction region design as well as modifications of the hadron ring vacuum system to accommodate the high average and peak beam currents. Beam dynamics studies have been performed to determine and optimize the dynamic aperture in the two collider rings and the beam-beam performance. We will present the EIC design with a focus on recent developments.

Poster WEPAB005 [2.095 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB005

About •

paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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WEPAB008

Numerical Noise Study in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations

2592

D. Xu, Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Luo, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

In the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) design, a flat beam collision scheme is adopted to achieve 1e34 luminosity. We found that the vertical growth of the proton beam is much larger than of the round beam. In this article we present the numerical noise study about the number of macroparticles, the electron slice number, and the electron bunch length. Both weak-strong and strong-strong simulation methods are used. It turns out the proton emittance growth in the strong-strong simulation mainly comes from the numberical noise. This study helps us to perform beam-beam simulation correctly for EIC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB008

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 August 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB009

Study of Harmonic Crab Cavity in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations

2595

D. Xu, Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Luo, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

In the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) design, crab cavities are adopted to compensate the geometric luminosity loss from the crossing angle. From previous studies, higher-order synchro-betatron resonances are excited since the hadron beam is long and the crossing angle is large. To reduce the luminosity degradation rate, different combinations of harmonic crab cavities are studied with both weak-strong and strong-strong simulation methods. The frequency map analysis (FMA) is also used for comparison. This study helps determine the crab cavity parameters for the future EIC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB009

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPAB010

Full Range Tune Scan Studies Using Graphics Processing Units with CUDA in EIC Beam-Beam Simulations

2598

D. Xu, Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Luo, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The hadron beam in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) suffers high order betatron and synchro-betatron resonances. In this paper, we present a weak-strong full range (0.0~0.5) fractional tune scan with a step size as small as 0.001. Multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are used to speed up the simulation. A code parallelized with MPI and CUDA is implemented. The good tune region from weak-strong scan is further checked by the self-consistent strong-strong simulation. This study provides beam dynamics guidance in choosing proper working points for the future EIC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB010

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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THPAB015

Studies of the Imperfection in Crab Crossing Scheme for Electron-Ion Collider

3784

Y. Hao, J.S. Berg, D. Holmes, Y. Luo, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D. Xu
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Crab crossing scheme is the essential scheme that accommodates large crossing angle without loss of luminosity in the design of Electron-Ion collider (EIC). The ideal optics and phase advances of the crab cavity pair are set to create a local crabbing bump in the interaction region (IR). However, there are always small errors in the actual lattice of IR. In this article, we will present the simulation and analytical studies on the imperfections in the crab crossing scheme in the EIC design. The tolerance of the imperfection and the possible remedies can be concluded from these studies.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB015

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPAB028

Beam-Beam Related Design Parameter Optimization for the Electron-Ion Collider

3808

Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao, D. Xu
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
H. Huang
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design luminosity goal for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is 1e34 cm^-2s⁻¹. To achieve such a high luminosity, the EIC design adopts high bunch intensities, flat beams at the interaction point (IP) with a small vertical β^*-function, and a high collision frequency, together with crab cavities to compensate the geometrical luminosity loss due to the large crossing angle of 25mrad. In this article, we present our strategies and approaches to obtain the design luminosity by optimizing some key beam-beam related design parameters. Through our extensive strong-strong and weak-strong beam-beam simulations, we found that beam flatness, electron and proton beam size matching at the IP, electron and proton working points, and synchro-betatron resonances arising from the crossing angle collision play a crucial role in proton beam size growth and luminosity degradation. After optimizing those parameters, we found a set of beam-beam related design parameters to reach the design luminosity with an acceptable beam-beam performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB028

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPAB029

Dynamic Aperture Evaluation for the Hadron Storage Ring in the Electron-Ion Collider

3812

Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao, D. Xu
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
H. Huang
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
V.S. Morozov, E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is aiming at a design luminosity of 1e34 cm^-2s⁻¹. To maintain such a high luminosity, both beams in the EIC need an acceptable beam lifetime in the presence of the beam-beam interaction. For this purpose, we carried out weak-strong element-by-element particle tracking to evaluate the long-term dynamic aperture for the hadron ring lattice design. We improved our simulation code SimTrack to treat some new lattice design features, such as radially offset on-momentum orbits, coordinate transformations in the interaction region, etc. In this article, we will present the preliminary dynamic aperture calculation results with β^*- function scan, radial orbit shift, crossing angle collision, and magnetic field errors.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB029

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)