| Paper | Title | Page |
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| TUPOY020 | Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source for 99mTc Production | 1946 |
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Funding: The authors would like to thank STFC UK for their support of this work The radioisotope Technetium-99m (99mTc) is used in 85\% of all nuclear medicine procedures. 99mTc is produced from its precursor Molybdenum-99 (99Mo), which until recently was produced in only five research reactors worldwide. Recently a number of accelerator-based methods have been proposed to fill this gap and to diversify this supply chain. In the paper we present our base compact (4 m) 10 mA 3.5 MeV accelerator design, to generate low-energy neutrons via fusion. In this design we increase neutron capture with a novel moderator assembly to shift the neutron spectrum into the epithermal resonance region of the 98Mo capture cross-section to create 99Mo. In this paper we examine Li(p, n) reactions for neutron production. Specifically focused on a numerical studies for an optimised target design capable of handling the heat load. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY020 | |
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| TUPOY021 | Characterisation of the Spectra of Spallation Neutron Sources through Modelling | 1950 |
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| We characterise the neutron flux and energy spectra produced by protons on a lead target. This may enable studies of the neutronics of an ADSR, to be separated from the higher energy spallation processes, in order to explore te potential of ADSR as a better alternative for energy production, safety and waste transmutation. We consider a range of proton energies, and show how the numbers of neutrons produced can be fitted by some simple functions of the proton energy, as can the spatial and energy distributions. These calculations were performed in both MCNPX and Geant4 and we compare and benchmark the low energy neutron spectra obtained by MCNPX code and a Monte Carlo Code Geant4 against each other. Discrepancies were found for the low energy neutron spectrum, but by using different models as calculation options for low energy neutrons in Geant4, this disagreement has been significantly reduced. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY021 | |
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| TUPOY022 | A Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator for Helium Therapy | 1953 |
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| A non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (nsFFAG) accelerator is being designed for helium ion therapy. This facility will consist of 2 nested superconducting rings, treating with helium ions (He2+) and image with hydrogen ions (H2+). Compared to protons, ions deliver a more conformal dose with a significant reduction in range straggling and beam broadening. Carbon ions are currently used and there are no current facilities providing helium therapy. We are investigating the feasibility of an FFAG approach for helium therapy, which has never been previously considered. We investigate emittance and demonstrate that the machine meets isochronicity requirements for fixed frequency RF. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY022 | |
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| TUPOY023 | A Compact and High Current FFAG for the Production of Radioisotopes for Medical Applications | 1957 |
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| A low energy Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator has been designed for the production of radioisotopes. Tracking studies have been conducted using the OPAL code, including the effects of space charge. Radioisotopes have a wide range of uses in medicine, and recent disruption to the supply chain has seen a renewed effort to find alternative isotopes and production methods. The design features separate sector magnets with non-scaling, non-linear field gradients but without the counter bends commonly found in FFAG's. The machine is isochronous at the level of 0.3% up to at least 28 MeV and hence able to operate in Continuous Wave (CW) mode. Both protons and helium ions can be used with this design and it has been demonstrated that proton beams with currents of up to 20 mA can be accelerated. An interesting option for the production of radioisotopes is the use of a thin internal target. We have shown that this design has large acceptance, ideal for allowing the beam to be recirculated through the target many times, the lost energy being restored on each cycle. In this way, the production of Technetium-99m, for example, can take place at the optimum energy. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY023 | |
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| TUPOY024 | Wave Particle Cherenkov Interactions Mediated via Novel Materials | 1960 |
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| Currently there is an increasing interest in dielectric wall accelerators. These work by slowing the speed of an EM wave to match the velocity of a particle beam, allowing wave-beam interactions, accelerating the beam. However conventional dielectric materials have limited interaction regions, so wave-beam energy transfer is minimal. In this paper we consider Artificial Materials (AMs), as slow wave structures, in the presence of charged particle beams to engineer Inverse-Cherenkov acceleration. AMs are periodic constructs whose properties depend on their subwavelength geometry rather than their material composition, and can be engineered to give an arbitrary dispersion relation. We show that Metamaterials, one example of an AM, can mediate an Inverse-Cherenkov interaction, but break down in high power environments due to high absorption. We consider AMs with low constitutive parameters and show they can exhibit low absorption whilst maintaining the ability to have a user defined dispersion relation, and mediate a wavebeam interaction leading to Inverse-Cherenkov acceleration. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY024 | |
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| THPOY031 | A Holistic Approach to Accelerator Reliability Modeling | 4163 |
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Reliability has been identified as a key factor limiting the development of certain particle accelerator applications, for example Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS) for energy production and waste-transmutation*. Previous studies of particle accelerator reliability have been undertaken using conventional techniques, such as Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), etc. Although limited data surrounding components and their failure modes limits the applicability of conventional techniques for analysing the reliability of particle accelerators. In addition industrial applications of particle accelerators, i.e. energy production, require a real time response to failure. In this paper we examine a holistic approach to accelerator reliability modelling using Electric Network Frequency (ENF) criterion to look for emergent behaviour of the particle accelerator, from complex datasets, such as beam current/charge, created by the diagnostics systems during the machines operation. To look for predictive characteristics just prior to a machine trip.
* Report from the DOE ADS White Paper Working Group, Stuart Henderson, Fermilab, October 26, 2011 |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY031 | |
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