| Paper | Title | Page |
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| TUPMW013 | Experimental Demonstration of β* Leveling at the LHC | 1442 |
| SUPSS001 | use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code | |
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| The HL-LHC project foresees to boost the LHC peak luminosity beyond the capabilities of the LHC experimental detectors. Leveling the luminosity down to a constant value that is sustainable for the experiments is therefore the operational baseline of HL-LHC. Various luminosity leveling techniques are available at the LHC. Leveling by adjusting β*, the betatron function at the interaction point, to maintain a constant luminosity is favorable because the beams remain head-on which provides optimal stability from the point of view of collective effects. Smooth leveling by β* requires however excellent control of the beam orbits and beam losses in the interaction regions since the beam offsets should not vary by more than around one r.m.s. beam size during the process. This leveling scheme has been successfully tested and experimentally demonstrated during the LHC machine development program in 2015. This paper presents results on luminosity leveling over a β* range from 10 m to 0.8 m and provides an outlook on future developments and use of this technique at the LHC. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW013 | |
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| TUPMW014 | Improved Aperture Measurements at the LHC and Results from their Application in 2015 | 1446 |
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| A good knowledge of the available aperture in the LHC is essential for a safe operation due to the risk of magnet quenches or even damage in case of uncontrolled beam losses. Experimental validations of the available aperture are therefore crucial and were in the past carried out by either a collimator scan combined with beam excitations or through the use of local orbit bumps. In this paper, we show a first comparison of these methods in the same machine configuration, as well as a new very fast method based on a beam-based collimator alignment and a new faster variant of the collimator scan method. The methods are applied to the LHC operational configuration for 2015 at injection and with squeezed beams and the measured apertures are presented. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW014 | |
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| TUPMW021 | Roman Pot Insertions in High-Intensity Beams for the CT-PPS Project at LHC | 1473 |
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| The CMS-TOTEM Precision Proton Spectrometer (CT-PPS) at the LHC IP5 aims at exploring diffractive physics at high luminosity in standard LHC fills. It is based on 14 Roman Pots (RPs), designed to host tracking and time-of-flight detectors for measuring the kinematics of leading protons. To reach the physics goals, the RPs will finally have to approach the beams to distances of 15 beam σs (i.e. ~1.5 mm) or closer. After problems with showers and impedance heating in first high-luminosity RP insertions in 2012, the LS1 of LHC was used for upgrades in view of impedance minimisation and for adding new collimators to intercept RP-induced showers. In 2015 the effectiveness of these improvements was shown by successfully inserting the RPs in all LHC beam intensity steps to a first-phase distance of ~25 σs. This contribution reviews the measurements of debris showers and impedance effects, i.e. the data from Beam Loss Monitors, beam vacuum gauges and temperature sensors. The dependences of the observables on the luminosity are shown. Extrapolations to L=1034 cm-2 s-1 and smaller distances to the beam do not indicate any fundamental problems. The plans for 2016 are outlined. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW021 | |
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| WEPMW006 | First Design of a Proton Collimation System for 50 TeV FCC-hh | 2423 |
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| We present studies aimed at defining a first conceptual solution for a collimation system for the hadron-hadron option for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh). The baseline collimation layout is based on the scaling of the present LHC collimation system to the FCC-hh energy. It currently includes a dedicated betatron cleaning insertion as well as collimators in the experimental insertions to protect the inner triplets. An aperture model for the FCC-hh is defined and the geometrical acceptance is calculated at top energy taking into account mechanical and optics imperfections. Based on these studies the collimator settings needed to protect the machine are defined. The performance of the collimation system is then assessed with particle tracking simulation tools assuming a perfect machine. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW006 | |
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| WEPMW007 | Validation of Off-momentum Cleaning Performance of the LHC Collimation System | 2427 |
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| The LHC collimation system is designed to provide effective cleaning against losses coming from off-momentum particles, either due to un-captured beam or to an unexpected RF frequency change. For this reason the LHC is equipped with a hierarchy of collimators in IR3: primary, secondary and absorber collimators. After every collimator alignment or change of machine configuration the off-momentum cleaning efficiency is validated with loss maps at low intensity. We describe here the improved technique used in 2015 to generate such loss maps without completely dumping the beam into the collimators. The achieved performance of the collimation system for momentum cleaning is reviewed. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW007 | |
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| WEPMW029 | Simulation of Heavy-Ion Beam Losses with the SixTrack-FLUKA Active Coupling | 2490 |
| SUPSS008 | use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code | |
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Funding: Work suppported by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German BMBF The LHC heavy-ion program aims to further increase the stored ion beam energy, putting high demands on the LHC collimation system. Accurate simulations of the ion collimation efficiency are crucial to validate the feasibility of new proposed configurations and beam parameters. In this paper we present a generalized framework of the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling to simulate the fragmentation of heavy-ions in the collimators and their motion in the LHC lattice. We compare heavy-ion loss maps simulated on the basis of this framework with the loss distributions measured during heavy-ion operation in 2011 and 2015. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW029 | |
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| WEPMW030 | Cleaning Performance of the Collimation System of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider | 2494 |
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| Different upgrades of the LHC will be carried out in the framework of the High Luminosity project (HL-LHC), where the total stored energy in the machine will increase up to about 700 MJ. This unprecedented stored energy poses serious challenges for the collimation system, which was designed to handle safely up to about 360 MJ. In this paper the baseline collimation layout for HL-LHC is described, with main focus on upgrades related to the cleaning of halo and physics debris, and its expected performance is discussed. The main upgrade items include the presence of new collimators in the dispersion suppressor of the betatron cleaning insertion installed between two 11 T dipoles, and two additional collimators for an improved local protection of triplet magnets. Thus, optimized settings for the entire and upgraded collimation chain were conceived and are shown here together with the resulting cleaning performance. Moreover, the cleaning performance taking into account crab cavities it is also discussed. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW030 | |
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