MOOAB0
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
RHIC operation as the polarized proton collider presents unique challenges since both luminosity and spin polarization are important. With longitudinally polarized beams at the experiments, the figure of merit is LP4. A lot of upgrades and modifications have been made since last polarized proton operation. A 9 MHz rf system has been installed to improve longitudinal match at injection and to increase luminosity. The beam dumps were upgraded to allow for increased bunch intensities. A vertical survey of RHIC was performed before the run to get better magnet alignment. The orbit control has also been improved this year. Additional efforts were put in to improve source polarization and AGS polarization transfer efficiency. To preserve polarization on the ramp, a new working point was chosen such that the vertical tune is near a third order resonance. The overview of the changes and the operation results are presented in this paper.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The commissioning of the RHIC spin flipper in the RHIC Blue ring during the RHIC polarized proton run in 2009 showed the detrimental effects of global vertical coherent betatron oscillation induced by the 2-AC dipole plus 4-DC dipole configuration *. Additional three AC dipoles were added to the RHIC spin flipper in the RHIC Blue ring during the summer of 2010 to eliminate the vertical coherent betatron oscillations outside the spin flipper [2]. This new design is scheduled to be commissioned during the RHIC polarized proton run in 2011. This paper presents the status of the system as well as latest simulation results.
* M. Bai , T. Roser, C. Dawson, Y. Makdisi, W. Meng, F. Meot, P. Oddo, C. Pai, P. Pile, RHIC Spin Flipper New Design and Commissioning Plan, IPAC10 proceedings, IPAC 2010, Kyoto, Japan, 2010
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The RHIC Spin Flipper's five high-Q AC dipoles which are driven by a swept frequency waveform require precise control of phase and amplitude during the sweep. This control is achieved using FPGA based feedback controllers. Multiple feedback loops are used to control and dynamically tune the magnets. The current implementation and results will be presented.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
A model of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron is being developed based on stepwise ray-tracing numerical tools. It provides a realistic representation of the lattice, and accounts for the two helical partial Siberian snake insertions. The aim is to make this stepwise ray-tracing based model an aid for the understanding of the AGS, in matter of both beam dynamics and polarization transmission.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
* V.N. Litvinenko, I. Ben-Zvi, Proceedings of FEL'2004, http://jacow.org/f04/papers/WEBOS04/
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
As the worlds’s first high energy polarized proton col- lider, RHIC has made significant progresses in measuring the proton spin structure in the past decade. In order to have better understanding of the contribution of u quark and d quark to the proton spin structure, collisions of high energy polarized neutron beams are required. In this paper, we discuss the perspectives of accelerating polarized light ions, like deuteron, Helium-3 and tritium. We also repre- sent simulation studies of accelerating polarized Helium-3 in RHIC.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts, USA
We present the design of future high-energy high-luminosity electron-hadron collider at RHIC called eRHIC. We plan on adding 20 (potentially 30) GeV energy recovery linacs to accelerate and to collide polarized and unpolarized electrons with hadrons in RHIC. The center-of-mass energy of eRHIC will range from 30 to 200 GeV. The luminosity exceeding 1034 cm-2 s-1 can be achieved in eRHIC using the low-beta interaction region with a 10 mrad crab crossing. We report on the progress of important eRHIC R&D such as the high-current polarized electron source, the coherent electron cooling and the compact magnets for recirculating passes. A natural staging scenario of step-by-step increases of the electron beam energy by builiding-up of eRHIC's SRF linacs and a potential of adding polarized positrons are also presented.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Coherent electron cooling (CEC) has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy, high-intensity hadron-hadron and electron-hadron colliders*. In a CEC system, a hadron beam interacts with a cooling electron beam. A perturbation of the electron density caused by ions is amplified and fed back to the ions to reduce the energy spread and the emittance of the ion beam. To demonstrate the feasibility of CEC we propose a proof-of-principle experiment at RHIC using one of JLab’s SRF cryo-modules. In this paper, we describe the experimental setup for CeC installed into one of RHIC's interaction regions. We present results of analytical estimates and results of initial simulations of cooling a gold-ion beam at 40 GeV/u energy via CeC.
* Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Yaroslav S. Derbenev, Physical Review Letters 102, 114801
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
As part of the search for a phase transition or critical point on the QCD phase diagram, an energy scan including 5 different energy settings was performed during the 2010 RHIC heavy ion run. While the top beam energy for heavy ions is at 100 GeV/n and the lowest achieved energy setpoint was significantly below RHICs injection energy of approximately 10 GeV/n, we also provided beams for data taking in a medium energy range above injection energy and below top beam energy. This paper reviews RHIC experience and challenges for RHIC medium energy operations that produced full experimental data sets at beam energies of 31.2 GeV/n and 19.5 GeV/n.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The RHIC polarized proton physics program requires high luminosity and high polarization which depends directly on the intensity, emittances and polarization delivered to RHIC by the injector chain. In the AGS, two partial snakes create gaps in the realized spin-tune around the integers which allows an accelerating beam with sufficiently small vertical emittance and near-integer vertical tune to avoid the imperfection and vertical intrinsic resonances. The same strategy strengthens the many (82) weak horizontal intrinsic resonances crossed during AGS acceleration. A system speeding up these resonance crossings – the AGS JumpQuad system: 82 tiny (0.04) fast (100usec) betatron tune shifts – has been commissioned and evolved during RHIC Runs 09, 10, and 11. Subtle properties of the AGS geometry and lattice, magnified into relevance by the high vertical tune can result in polarization-damaging emittance growth when combined with the Jump Quad gymnastics. Orbit stability is critical. Some aspects of the JumpQuad system, of this commissioning effort and related developments will be described.