HB2012 - List of Authors (Shaposhnikova, E.N.)

Paper

Title

Page

Measurements of the LHC Longitudinal Resistive Impedance with Beam

183

J.F. Esteban Müller, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, T. Mastoridis, N. Mounet, G. Papotti, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The resistive part of the longitudinal impedance contributes to the heat deposition on different elements in the LHC ring including the beam screens, where it has to be absorbed by the cryogenic system and can be a practical limitation for the maximum beam intensity. In this paper, we present the first measurements of the LHC longitudinal resistive impedance with beam, done through synchronous phase shift measurements during Machine Development sessions in 2012. Synchronous phase shift is measured for different bunch intensities and lengths using the high-precision LHC Beam Phase Module and then data are post-processed to further increase the accuracy. The dependence of the energy loss per particle on bunch length is then obtained and compared with the expected values found using the LHC impedance model.

TUO1A01

The High Intensity/High Brightness Upgrade Program at CERN: Status and Challenges

226

S.S. Gilardoni, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, S. Aumon, H. Bartosik, E. Benedetto, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, F. Caspers, H. Damerau, J.F. Esteban Müller, V. Forte, R. Garoby, M. Giovannozzi, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, M. Meddahi, G. Métral, B. Mikulec, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Persichelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R. Steerenberg, G. Sterbini, M. Taborelli, H. Timko, M. Vretenar, R. Wasef, C. Yin Vallgren, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Migliorati
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
A.Y. Molodozhentsev
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
M.T.F. Pivi
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
V.G. Vaccaro
Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli, Italy

The future beam brilliance and intensities required by the HL-LHC (High-Luminosity LHC) project and for possible new neutrino production beams triggered a deep revision of the LHC injector performances. The analysis, progressing in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) projects, outlined major limitations mainly related to collective effects - space charge in PSB and PS, electron cloud driven and TMCI instabilities in the SPS, longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities in the PS for example - but also to the existing hardware capability to cope with beam instabilities and losses. A summary of the observations and simulation studies carried out so far, as well as the future ones, will be presented. The solution proposed to overcome the different limitations and the plans for their implementation will be also briefly reviewed.

Slides TUO1A01 [12.748 MB]

WEO1A02

LHC Impedance Model: Experience with High Intensity Operation in the LHC

349

B. Salvant, O. Aberle, G. Arduini, R.W. Aßmann, V. Baglin, M.J. Barnes, P. Baudrenghien, A. Bertarelli, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, F. Carra, F. Caspers, G. Cattenoz, S.D. Claudet, H.A. Day, J.F. Esteban Müller, M. Garlaschè, L. Gentini, B. Goddard, A. Grudiev, B. Henrist, W. Herr, S. Jakobsen, R.J. Jones, G. Lanza, L. Lari, T. Mastoridis, N. Mounet, E. Métral, A.A. Nosych, J.L. Nougaret, S. Persichelli, T. Pieloni, A.M. Piguiet, S. Redaelli, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvachua, M. Sapinski, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L.J. Tavian, M.A. Timmins, J.A. Uythoven, A. Vidal, R. Wasef, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Burov
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now in luminosity production mode and has been pushing its performance in the past months by increasing the proton beam brightness, the collision energy and the machine availability. As a consequence, collective effects have started to become more and more visible and have effectively slowed down the performance increase of the machine. Among these collective effects, the interaction of brighter LHC bunches with the longitudinal and transverse impedance of the machine has been observed to generate beam induced heating and transverse instabilities since 2010. This contribution reviews the current LHC impedance model obtained from theory, simulations and bench measurements as well as a selection of measured effects with the LHC beam.

Slides WEO1A02 [7.991 MB]

WEO1A04

Longitudinal Instabilities in the SPS and Beam Dynamics Issues with High Harmonic RF Systems

358

E.N. Shaposhnikova, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, J.F. Esteban Müller, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Even after a successful impedance reduction programme which eliminated the microwave instability in the SPS another longitudinal instability is still one of the main intensity limitations. It is observed during acceleration ramp for both single bunch and multibunch beams at intensities below the nominal LHC intensity. With the lower transition energy of the new SPS optics, under intensive studies now, the thresholds are increased. However, even in this case the operation of the 4th harmonic RF system is required for stability of the nominal beams. To cope with the higher intensity beams required for the future High Luminosity LHC an upgrade program for both RF systems is under way. The results of studies of the parameter space required for beam stability are presented and compared with operation modes of double RF systems in other accelerators.

Slides WEO1A04 [6.135 MB]

WEO1B01

Low Gamma Transition Optics for the SPS: Simulation and Experimental Results for High Brightness Beams

381

H. Bartosik, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, K. Cornelis, J.F. Esteban Müller, K.S.B. Li, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.Y. Molodozhentsev
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The single bunch transverse mode coupling instability (TMCI) at injection is presently one of the main intensity limitation for LHC beams in the SPS. A new optics for the SPS with lower transition energy yields an almost 3-fold increase of the slip factor at injection energy and thus a significantly higher TMCI threshold, as demonstrated both in simulations and in experimental studies. It is observed furthermore that the low gamma transition optics yields better longitudinal stability throughout the entire acceleration cycle. In addition, simulations predict a higher threshold for the electron cloud driven single bunch instability, which might become an important limitation for high intensity LHC beams with the nominal 25 ns bunch spacing. This contribution gives a summary of the experimental and simulation studies, addressing also space charge effects and the achievable brightness with high intensity single bunch beams.

WEO1C03

Longitudinal Beam Loss Studies of the CERN PS-to-SPS Transfer

439

H. Timko, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, H. Damerau, J.F. Esteban Müller, S. Hancock, E.N. Shaposhnikova
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Bunch-to-bucket transfer between the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is required before beams can enter the Large Hadron Collider. The overall beam loss at this transfer is currently around 5-10 %, and is increased for higher intensities or larger longitudinal emittances. Previous attempts to reduce the losses with additional RF voltage from spare cavities in the PS were unsuccessful. In this paper, we modelled the complete PS flat-top bunch splitting and rotation manipulations, PS-to-SPS transfer, SPS flat bottom and acceleration ramp using end-to-end simulations. Starting from the measured bunch distributions, the simulations provide an accurate insight into the problem and allow direct benchmarking with experiments. As a result, it was understood and confirmed by measurements that shorter bunches do not necessarily lead to better transmission. The particle distribution in longitudinal phase space at PS extraction should be optimised instead. A significant loss reduction of up to 50 % is expected from simulations; experimental studies are on-going to verify these theoretical findings.

Slides WEO1C03 [3.903 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOP252	Measurements of the LHC Longitudinal Resistive Impedance with Beam	183
	J.F. Esteban Müller, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, T. Mastoridis, N. Mounet, G. Papotti, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The resistive part of the longitudinal impedance contributes to the heat deposition on different elements in the LHC ring including the beam screens, where it has to be absorbed by the cryogenic system and can be a practical limitation for the maximum beam intensity. In this paper, we present the first measurements of the LHC longitudinal resistive impedance with beam, done through synchronous phase shift measurements during Machine Development sessions in 2012. Synchronous phase shift is measured for different bunch intensities and lengths using the high-precision LHC Beam Phase Module and then data are post-processed to further increase the accuracy. The dependence of the energy loss per particle on bunch length is then obtained and compared with the expected values found using the LHC impedance model.

TUO1A01	The High Intensity/High Brightness Upgrade Program at CERN: Status and Challenges	226
	S.S. Gilardoni, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, S. Aumon, H. Bartosik, E. Benedetto, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, F. Caspers, H. Damerau, J.F. Esteban Müller, V. Forte, R. Garoby, M. Giovannozzi, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, M. Meddahi, G. Métral, B. Mikulec, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Persichelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R. Steerenberg, G. Sterbini, M. Taborelli, H. Timko, M. Vretenar, R. Wasef, C. Yin Vallgren, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Migliorati University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy A.Y. Molodozhentsev J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan M.T.F. Pivi SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA V.G. Vaccaro Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli, Italy
	The future beam brilliance and intensities required by the HL-LHC (High-Luminosity LHC) project and for possible new neutrino production beams triggered a deep revision of the LHC injector performances. The analysis, progressing in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) projects, outlined major limitations mainly related to collective effects - space charge in PSB and PS, electron cloud driven and TMCI instabilities in the SPS, longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities in the PS for example - but also to the existing hardware capability to cope with beam instabilities and losses. A summary of the observations and simulation studies carried out so far, as well as the future ones, will be presented. The solution proposed to overcome the different limitations and the plans for their implementation will be also briefly reviewed.
	Slides TUO1A01 [12.748 MB]

WEO1A02	LHC Impedance Model: Experience with High Intensity Operation in the LHC	349
	B. Salvant, O. Aberle, G. Arduini, R.W. Aßmann, V. Baglin, M.J. Barnes, P. Baudrenghien, A. Bertarelli, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, F. Carra, F. Caspers, G. Cattenoz, S.D. Claudet, H.A. Day, J.F. Esteban Müller, M. Garlaschè, L. Gentini, B. Goddard, A. Grudiev, B. Henrist, W. Herr, S. Jakobsen, R.J. Jones, G. Lanza, L. Lari, T. Mastoridis, N. Mounet, E. Métral, A.A. Nosych, J.L. Nougaret, S. Persichelli, T. Pieloni, A.M. Piguiet, S. Redaelli, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvachua, M. Sapinski, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L.J. Tavian, M.A. Timmins, J.A. Uythoven, A. Vidal, R. Wasef, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.V. Burov Fermilab, Batavia, USA S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now in luminosity production mode and has been pushing its performance in the past months by increasing the proton beam brightness, the collision energy and the machine availability. As a consequence, collective effects have started to become more and more visible and have effectively slowed down the performance increase of the machine. Among these collective effects, the interaction of brighter LHC bunches with the longitudinal and transverse impedance of the machine has been observed to generate beam induced heating and transverse instabilities since 2010. This contribution reviews the current LHC impedance model obtained from theory, simulations and bench measurements as well as a selection of measured effects with the LHC beam.
	Slides WEO1A02 [7.991 MB]

WEO1A04	Longitudinal Instabilities in the SPS and Beam Dynamics Issues with High Harmonic RF Systems	358
	E.N. Shaposhnikova, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, J.F. Esteban Müller, H. Timko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Even after a successful impedance reduction programme which eliminated the microwave instability in the SPS another longitudinal instability is still one of the main intensity limitations. It is observed during acceleration ramp for both single bunch and multibunch beams at intensities below the nominal LHC intensity. With the lower transition energy of the new SPS optics, under intensive studies now, the thresholds are increased. However, even in this case the operation of the 4th harmonic RF system is required for stability of the nominal beams. To cope with the higher intensity beams required for the future High Luminosity LHC an upgrade program for both RF systems is under way. The results of studies of the parameter space required for beam stability are presented and compared with operation modes of double RF systems in other accelerators.
	Slides WEO1A04 [6.135 MB]

WEO1B01	Low Gamma Transition Optics for the SPS: Simulation and Experimental Results for High Brightness Beams	381
	H. Bartosik, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, K. Cornelis, J.F. Esteban Müller, K.S.B. Li, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.Y. Molodozhentsev KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The single bunch transverse mode coupling instability (TMCI) at injection is presently one of the main intensity limitation for LHC beams in the SPS. A new optics for the SPS with lower transition energy yields an almost 3-fold increase of the slip factor at injection energy and thus a significantly higher TMCI threshold, as demonstrated both in simulations and in experimental studies. It is observed furthermore that the low gamma transition optics yields better longitudinal stability throughout the entire acceleration cycle. In addition, simulations predict a higher threshold for the electron cloud driven single bunch instability, which might become an important limitation for high intensity LHC beams with the nominal 25 ns bunch spacing. This contribution gives a summary of the experimental and simulation studies, addressing also space charge effects and the achievable brightness with high intensity single bunch beams.

WEO1C03	Longitudinal Beam Loss Studies of the CERN PS-to-SPS Transfer	439
	H. Timko, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, H. Damerau, J.F. Esteban Müller, S. Hancock, E.N. Shaposhnikova CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Bunch-to-bucket transfer between the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is required before beams can enter the Large Hadron Collider. The overall beam loss at this transfer is currently around 5-10 %, and is increased for higher intensities or larger longitudinal emittances. Previous attempts to reduce the losses with additional RF voltage from spare cavities in the PS were unsuccessful. In this paper, we modelled the complete PS flat-top bunch splitting and rotation manipulations, PS-to-SPS transfer, SPS flat bottom and acceleration ramp using end-to-end simulations. Starting from the measured bunch distributions, the simulations provide an accurate insight into the problem and allow direct benchmarking with experiments. As a result, it was understood and confirmed by measurements that shorter bunches do not necessarily lead to better transmission. The particle distribution in longitudinal phase space at PS extraction should be optimised instead. A significant loss reduction of up to 50 % is expected from simulations; experimental studies are on-going to verify these theoretical findings.
	Slides WEO1C03 [3.903 MB]