SRF2021 - List of Authors (Martinello, M.)

Paper	Title	Page
SUPCAV018	First N-Doping and Mid-T Baking of Medium-ß 644 MHz 5-Cell Elliptical Superconducting RF Cavities for Michigan State University’s Facility for Rare Isotope Beams	53
	K.E. McGee, S.H. Kim, P.N. Ostroumov, A. Taylor FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA G.V. Eremeev, M. Martinello, A.V. Netepenko Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.P. Kelly, T. Reid ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the 2020 US DoE, Office of Science Graduate Student Research award (SCGSR), and US DoE, Office of Science, High Energy Physics under Cooperative Agreement award number DE-SC0018362 Two hadron linacs currently under development in the US, the PIP-II linac at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the upgrade for Michigan State University’s Facility For Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), will employ 650 and 644 MHz ß-0.6 elliptical superconducting cavities respectively to meet their design energy requirements. The desired CW operation modes of these two linacs sets Q-factor requirements well above any previously achieved for cavities at this operating frequency and velocity, driving the need to explore new high-Q treatments. The N-doping technique developed at FNAL and employed at an industrial scale to the LCLS-II cryomodules is a strong candidate for high-Q treatments, but work is needed to refine the treatment to the lower operating frequency and velocity regime. We present the first results of the first N-doping tests and a "mid-T" bake test in the FRIB 644 MHz 5-cell elliptical cavities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-SUPCAV018
About •	Received ※ 23 June 2021 — Revised ※ 16 November 2021 — Accepted ※ 08 May 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 May 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTEV012	Extra-Cold EP Process at Fermilab	230
	F. Furuta, D.J. Bice, M. Martinello, T.J. Ring Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	FNAL has established a cold Electro-Polishing (EP) method which maintains the outer surface temperature of cavity cell around 12~15°C during EP process. Cold EP has been applied on the various SRF cavities and contributed to achieve high RF performances with them. To investigate more feasibility and capability of EP at lower temperature, the FNAL EP temperature control tool was recently improved. Extra-cold EP process below 0°C at cavity cell region was successfully performed on 1.3 GHz 1-cell cavity. A compatible RF performance with cold EP method was also demonstrated during the cavity vertical testing. The details of extra-cold EP process and the cavity test results will be presented.
	Poster MOPTEV012 [2.038 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPTEV012
About •	Received ※ 21 June 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 December 2021 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPFDV009	On the Nature of Surface Defects Found in 2/0 N-Doped 9-Cell Cavities	336
	A. Cano, D. Bafia, A. Grassellino, J. Lee, M. Martinello, A.S. Romanenko, T. Spina, Z-H. Sung Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	In this contribution, we present a systematic study on the microstructure of 1.3 GHz 9-cell TESLA type SRF cavity, processed with 2/0 Nitrogen-doping surface treatment, to explain the premature quench phenomena commonly observed in N-doping treated cavities. The microstructure characterization was carried out using Secondary electron images, advanced metallurgical techniques such as EBSD in parallel with chemical information obtained from spectroscopic techniques. The most remarkable difference is observed in the ends-cavities (1 and 9), which showed roughening of the surface, revealing a series of morphologies associated with Nb cubic phase. The cell-to-cell analysis also showed standard features such as pits with different geometry and distribution, located in grains and grain boundaries. The defects found in this system suggest that the standard electropolishing chemical etching was insufficient to eliminate history defects produced during the manufacture of the cavity, without discarding the role of the impurities, N and O, that could have induced the growth of these morphologies. H. Padamsee, RF superconductivity (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co., KGaA, Weinheim, 2009)
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPFDV009
About •	Received ※ 29 June 2021 — Revised ※ 11 March 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 May 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 May 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPFDV010	Microstructure Changes Observed in the Near-Surface Region of SRF Nb Cavities Cutouts upon Cooling/Heating Cycles Using GI-Synchrotron XRD	339
	A. Cano, D. Bafia, A. Grassellino, J. Lee, M. Martinello, A.S. Romanenko, T. Spina, Z-H. Sung Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA E.A. Karapetrova ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	We have mapped microstructural changes in the near-surface region of Nb from SRF cavity-cutouts upon thermal cycles in the range from 300 to 30 K using grazing incidence synchrotron X-Ray diffraction (GIXRD). Segregation of secondary phases was observed after the thermal cycle, and their nature has been clarified and discussed in view of previous studies on hydrides formation in SRF bulk Nb cavities. The temperature dependence of the relative population of these formed phases was obtained from GIXRD patterns profile fitting. Both, Nb bulk matrix and the new phases formed after cool-down show specific structural features as thermal contraction/expansion, structural transitions, and Nb lattice variation due to the induced strain by precipitates formation. The information derived from this structural study can explain some phenomena as the dissipation at high accelerating field (i.e. High Field Q Slope, HFQS) in the Nb SRF performance as well as new mechanisms never addressed in previous studies. A Romanenko, F Barkov, LD Cooley, A Grassellino, Proximity breakdown of hydrides in superconducting niobium cavities, Superconductor Science and Technology, 2013
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPFDV010
About •	Received ※ 28 June 2021 — Revised ※ 12 August 2021 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2021 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPCAV005	Toward Qualifications of HB and LB 650 MHz Cavities for the Prototype Cryomodules for the PIP-II Project	448
	M. Martinello, D.J. Bice, C. Boffo, S.K. Chandrasekaran, G.V. Eremeev, F. Furuta, T.N. Khabiboulline, K.E. McGee, A.V. Netepenko, J.P. Ozelis, A.I. Sukhanov, G. Wu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M. Bagre, V. Jain, A. Puntambekar, S. Raghvendra, P. Shrivastava RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India M. Bertucci, A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, R. Paparella INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy P. Bhattacharyya, S. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, A. Mandal, S. Seth, S. Som VECC, Kolkata, India M.P. Kelly, T. Reid ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S.H. Kim, K.E. McGee, P.N. Ostroumov FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K.K. Mistri, P.N. Prakash IUAC, New Delhi, India
	High-beta (HB) and low-beta (LB) 650 MHz cryomodules are key components of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project. In this contribution we present the results of several 5-cell HB650 cavities that have been processed and tested with the purpose of qualifying them for the prototype cryomodule assembly, which will take place later this year. We also present the first results obtained in LB650 single-cell cavities process optimization. Taking advantage of their very similar geometry, we are also analyzing the effect of different surface treatments in FRIB’s 5-cell medium-beta 644MHz cavities. Cavities processed with N-doping and mid-T baking showed very promising results in term of both Q-factors and accelerating gradient for these low-beta structures.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-TUPCAV005
About •	Received ※ 01 July 2021 — Accepted ※ 02 November 2021 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPCAV001	Study of the Niobium Oxide Structure and Microscopic Effect of Plasma Processing on the Niobium Surface	585
	B. Giaccone, M. Martinello Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B. Giaccone, J. Zasadzinski IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	A study of the niobium oxide structure is presented here, with particular focus on the niobium suboxides. Multiple steps of argon sputtering and XPS measurements were carried out until the metal surface was exposed. The sample was then exposed to air and the oxide regrowth was studied. In addition, three Nb samples prepared with different surface treatments were studied before and after being subjected to plasma processing. The scope is investigating the microscopic effect that the reactive oxygen contained in the glow discharge may have on the niobium surface. This study suggests that the Nb₂O₅ thickness may increase, although no negative change in the cavity performance is measured since the pentoxide is a dielectric.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-WEPCAV001
About •	Received ※ 22 June 2021 — Revised ※ 13 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 January 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOTEV08	LCLS-II HE R&D Collaboration Overview
	M. Martinello Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	This talk will present an overview of the LCLS-II HE R&D programs carried in collaboration between SLAC, Fermilab and Jlab in order to develop a new N-doping recipe and cavity processing protocol to meet the new challenging specifications and optimize flux expulsion management. Performance of the first set of cavities will be discussed comparing results from the vertical test to the cryomodule. Different aspects studied in detail during the verification cryomodule (vCM) test such as, multipacting processing optimization, Q-factor quench degradation and plasma processing will be discussed in this talk.
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPTEV003	LCLS-II Cryomodules Production Experience and Lessons Learned Towards LCLS-II-HE Project	832
	T.T. Arkan, D.J. Bice, J.N. Blowers, C.J. Grimm, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, M. Martinello, T.H. Nicol, Y.M. Orlov, S. Posen, K.S. Premo, R.P. Stanek Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE LCLS-II is an upgrade project for the linear coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. The LCLS-II linac consists of thirty-five 1.3 GHz and two 3.9 GHz superconducting RF (SRF) continuous wave (CW) cryomodules with high quality factor cavities. Cryomodules were produced at Fermilab and at Jefferson Lab in collaboration with SLAC. Fermilab successfully completed the assembly, testing and delivery of seventeen 1.3 GHz and three 3.9 GHz cryomodules. LCLS-II-HE is a planned upgrade project to LCLS-II. The LCLS-II-HE linac will consist of twenty-three 1.3 GHz cryomodules with high gradient and high quality factor cavities. This paper presents LCLS-II-HE cryomodule production plans, emphasizing the improvements done based on the challenges, mitigations, and lessons learned from LCLS-II.
	Poster THPTEV003 [0.620 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-THPTEV003
About •	Received ※ 21 June 2021 — Revised ※ 11 August 2021 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2021 — Issue date ※ 27 October 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

First N-Doping and Mid-T Baking of Medium-ß 644 MHz 5-Cell Elliptical Superconducting RF Cavities for Michigan State University’s Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

53

K.E. McGee, S.H. Kim, P.N. Ostroumov, A. Taylor
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
G.V. Eremeev, M. Martinello, A.V. Netepenko
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.P. Kelly, T. Reid
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the 2020 US DoE, Office of Science Graduate Student Research award (SCGSR), and US DoE, Office of Science, High Energy Physics under Cooperative Agreement award number DE-SC0018362
Two hadron linacs currently under development in the US, the PIP-II linac at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the upgrade for Michigan State University’s Facility For Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), will employ 650 and 644 MHz ß-0.6 elliptical superconducting cavities respectively to meet their design energy requirements. The desired CW operation modes of these two linacs sets Q-factor requirements well above any previously achieved for cavities at this operating frequency and velocity, driving the need to explore new high-Q treatments. The N-doping technique developed at FNAL and employed at an industrial scale to the LCLS-II cryomodules is a strong candidate for high-Q treatments, but work is needed to refine the treatment to the lower operating frequency and velocity regime. We present the first results of the first N-doping tests and a "mid-T" bake test in the FRIB 644 MHz 5-cell elliptical cavities.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-SUPCAV018

About •

Received ※ 23 June 2021 — Revised ※ 16 November 2021 — Accepted ※ 08 May 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 May 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPTEV012

Extra-Cold EP Process at Fermilab

230

F. Furuta, D.J. Bice, M. Martinello, T.J. Ring
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

FNAL has established a cold Electro-Polishing (EP) method which maintains the outer surface temperature of cavity cell around 12~15°C during EP process. Cold EP has been applied on the various SRF cavities and contributed to achieve high RF performances with them. To investigate more feasibility and capability of EP at lower temperature, the FNAL EP temperature control tool was recently improved. Extra-cold EP process below 0°C at cavity cell region was successfully performed on 1.3 GHz 1-cell cavity. A compatible RF performance with cold EP method was also demonstrated during the cavity vertical testing. The details of extra-cold EP process and the cavity test results will be presented.

Poster MOPTEV012 [2.038 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPTEV012

About •

Received ※ 21 June 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 December 2021 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPFDV009

On the Nature of Surface Defects Found in 2/0 N-Doped 9-Cell Cavities

336

A. Cano, D. Bafia, A. Grassellino, J. Lee, M. Martinello, A.S. Romanenko, T. Spina, Z-H. Sung
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

In this contribution, we present a systematic study on the microstructure of 1.3 GHz 9-cell TESLA type SRF cavity, processed with 2/0 Nitrogen-doping surface treatment, to explain the premature quench phenomena commonly observed in N-doping treated cavities. The microstructure characterization was carried out using Secondary electron images, advanced metallurgical techniques such as EBSD in parallel with chemical information obtained from spectroscopic techniques. The most remarkable difference is observed in the ends-cavities (1 and 9), which showed roughening of the surface, revealing a series of morphologies associated with Nb cubic phase. The cell-to-cell analysis also showed standard features such as pits with different geometry and distribution, located in grains and grain boundaries. The defects found in this system suggest that the standard electropolishing chemical etching was insufficient to eliminate history defects produced during the manufacture of the cavity, without discarding the role of the impurities, N and O, that could have induced the growth of these morphologies.
H. Padamsee, RF superconductivity (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co., KGaA, Weinheim, 2009)

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPFDV009

About •

Received ※ 29 June 2021 — Revised ※ 11 March 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 May 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 May 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPFDV010

Microstructure Changes Observed in the Near-Surface Region of SRF Nb Cavities Cutouts upon Cooling/Heating Cycles Using GI-Synchrotron XRD

339

A. Cano, D. Bafia, A. Grassellino, J. Lee, M. Martinello, A.S. Romanenko, T. Spina, Z-H. Sung
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
E.A. Karapetrova
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

We have mapped microstructural changes in the near-surface region of Nb from SRF cavity-cutouts upon thermal cycles in the range from 300 to 30 K using grazing incidence synchrotron X-Ray diffraction (GIXRD). Segregation of secondary phases was observed after the thermal cycle, and their nature has been clarified and discussed in view of previous studies on hydrides formation in SRF bulk Nb cavities. The temperature dependence of the relative population of these formed phases was obtained from GIXRD patterns profile fitting. Both, Nb bulk matrix and the new phases formed after cool-down show specific structural features as thermal contraction/expansion, structural transitions, and Nb lattice variation due to the induced strain by precipitates formation. The information derived from this structural study can explain some phenomena as the dissipation at high accelerating field (i.e. High Field Q Slope, HFQS) in the Nb SRF performance as well as new mechanisms never addressed in previous studies.
A Romanenko, F Barkov, LD Cooley, A Grassellino, Proximity breakdown of hydrides in superconducting niobium cavities, Superconductor Science and Technology, 2013

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-MOPFDV010

About •

Received ※ 28 June 2021 — Revised ※ 12 August 2021 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2021 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPCAV005

Toward Qualifications of HB and LB 650 MHz Cavities for the Prototype Cryomodules for the PIP-II Project

448

M. Martinello, D.J. Bice, C. Boffo, S.K. Chandrasekaran, G.V. Eremeev, F. Furuta, T.N. Khabiboulline, K.E. McGee, A.V. Netepenko, J.P. Ozelis, A.I. Sukhanov, G. Wu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M. Bagre, V. Jain, A. Puntambekar, S. Raghvendra, P. Shrivastava
RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
M. Bertucci, A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, R. Paparella
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
P. Bhattacharyya, S. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, A. Mandal, S. Seth, S. Som
VECC, Kolkata, India
M.P. Kelly, T. Reid
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S.H. Kim, K.E. McGee, P.N. Ostroumov
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K.K. Mistri, P.N. Prakash
IUAC, New Delhi, India

High-beta (HB) and low-beta (LB) 650 MHz cryomodules are key components of the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) project. In this contribution we present the results of several 5-cell HB650 cavities that have been processed and tested with the purpose of qualifying them for the prototype cryomodule assembly, which will take place later this year. We also present the first results obtained in LB650 single-cell cavities process optimization. Taking advantage of their very similar geometry, we are also analyzing the effect of different surface treatments in FRIB’s 5-cell medium-beta 644MHz cavities. Cavities processed with N-doping and mid-T baking showed very promising results in term of both Q-factors and accelerating gradient for these low-beta structures.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-TUPCAV005

About •

Received ※ 01 July 2021 — Accepted ※ 02 November 2021 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPCAV001

Study of the Niobium Oxide Structure and Microscopic Effect of Plasma Processing on the Niobium Surface

585

B. Giaccone, M. Martinello
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B. Giaccone, J. Zasadzinski
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

A study of the niobium oxide structure is presented here, with particular focus on the niobium suboxides. Multiple steps of argon sputtering and XPS measurements were carried out until the metal surface was exposed. The sample was then exposed to air and the oxide regrowth was studied. In addition, three Nb samples prepared with different surface treatments were studied before and after being subjected to plasma processing. The scope is investigating the microscopic effect that the reactive oxygen contained in the glow discharge may have on the niobium surface. This study suggests that the Nb₂O₅ thickness may increase, although no negative change in the cavity performance is measured since the pentoxide is a dielectric.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-WEPCAV001

About •

Received ※ 22 June 2021 — Revised ※ 13 September 2021 — Accepted ※ 13 January 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOTEV08

LCLS-II HE R&D Collaboration Overview

M. Martinello
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

This talk will present an overview of the LCLS-II HE R&D programs carried in collaboration between SLAC, Fermilab and Jlab in order to develop a new N-doping recipe and cavity processing protocol to meet the new challenging specifications and optimize flux expulsion management. Performance of the first set of cavities will be discussed comparing results from the vertical test to the cryomodule. Different aspects studied in detail during the verification cryomodule (vCM) test such as, multipacting processing optimization, Q-factor quench degradation and plasma processing will be discussed in this talk.

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPTEV003

LCLS-II Cryomodules Production Experience and Lessons Learned Towards LCLS-II-HE Project

832

T.T. Arkan, D.J. Bice, J.N. Blowers, C.J. Grimm, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, M. Martinello, T.H. Nicol, Y.M. Orlov, S. Posen, K.S. Premo, R.P. Stanek
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE
LCLS-II is an upgrade project for the linear coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. The LCLS-II linac consists of thirty-five 1.3 GHz and two 3.9 GHz superconducting RF (SRF) continuous wave (CW) cryomodules with high quality factor cavities. Cryomodules were produced at Fermilab and at Jefferson Lab in collaboration with SLAC. Fermilab successfully completed the assembly, testing and delivery of seventeen 1.3 GHz and three 3.9 GHz cryomodules. LCLS-II-HE is a planned upgrade project to LCLS-II. The LCLS-II-HE linac will consist of twenty-three 1.3 GHz cryomodules with high gradient and high quality factor cavities. This paper presents LCLS-II-HE cryomodule production plans, emphasizing the improvements done based on the challenges, mitigations, and lessons learned from LCLS-II.

Poster THPTEV003 [0.620 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2021-THPTEV003

About •

Received ※ 21 June 2021 — Revised ※ 11 August 2021 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2021 — Issue date ※ 27 October 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)