SRF2017 - List of Authors (Liarte, D.)

Paper	Title	Page
WEXA01	High Performance Nb3Sn Cavities	667
	D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA T. Arias, P. Cueva, D. Liarte, D.A. Muller, J.P. Sethna, N. Sitaraman Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	In recent years, 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities coated with Nb3Sn at Cornell University have repeatedly demonstrated quality factors of >10¹⁰ at 4.2 K and >15 MV/m. Ongoing research is currently focussed on the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that limit the quality factor and quench field in these cavities. New single-cell cavities have been commissioned to enable further exploration of the coating parameter space. Experimental studies on both cavities and sample coupons have been supplemented by theoretical work done on layer growth, trapped vortex motion and flux entry. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments on Nb3Sn cavities, including work conducted in collaboration with the new NSF Centre for Bright Beams, with a brief summary on work being done in the field at large.
	Slides WEXA01 [10.681 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-WEXA01
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WEXA07	Theoretical Estimates of Maximum Fields in Superconducting Resonant Radio Frequency Cavities: Stability Theory, Disorder, and Laminates
	D. Liarte, M. Liepe, J.P. Sethna Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA G. Catelani Forschungszentrum Jülich, Peter Gruenberg Institut, Jülich, Germany D.L. Hall Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA S. Posen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.K. Transtrum Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award OIA-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams. Theoretical limits to the performance of superconductors in high magnetic fields parallel to their surfaces are of key relevance to current and future accelerating cavities. We present intuitive arguments and simple estimates for Hsh, and combine them with rigorous calculations. We explore the effects of materials anisotropy and the danger of disorder in nucleating vortex entry. Will we need to control surface orientation in the layered compound MgB2? Can we estimate theoretically whether dirt and defects make these new materials fundamentally more challenging to optimize than niobium? We discuss and analyze recent proposals to use thin superconducting layers or laminates to enhance the performance of superconducting cavities. Flux entering a laminate can lead to so-called pancake vortices; we consider the physics of the dislocation motion and potential re-annihilation or stabilization of these vortices after their entry.
	Slides WEXA07 [2.975 MB]
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THPB040	SRF Theory Developments from the Center for Bright Beams	835
	D. Liarte, T. Arias, M. Liepe, J.P. Sethna, N. Sitamaran Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA D.L. Hall Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA A.R. Pack, M.K. Transtrum Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award OIA-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams. We present theoretical studies of SRF materials from the Center for Bright Beams. First, we discuss the effects of disorder, inhomogeneities, and materials anisotropy on the maximum parallel surface field that a superconductor can sustain in an SRF cavity, using linear stability in conjunction with Ginzburg-Landau and Eilenberger theory. We connect our disorder mediated vortex nucleation model to current experimental developments of Nb3Sn and other cavity materials. Second, we use time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations to explore the role of inhomogeneities in nucleating vortices, and discuss the effects of trapped magnetic flux on the residual resistance of weakly-pinned Nb3Sn cavities. Third, we present first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to uncover and characterize the key fundamental materials processes underlying the growth of Nb3Sn. Our calculations indicate that the observed tin-depleted regions may be the direct result of an exothermic reaction between Nb3Sn and Nb at the growing Nb/Nb3Sn interface. We suggest new growth protocols to mitigate the formation of tin depleted regions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB040
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THPB041	Cavity Quench Studies in Nb3Sn Using Temperature Mapping and Surface Analysis of Cavity Cut-outs	840
	D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA P. Cueva, D. Liarte, D.A. Muller, J.P. Sethna Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Previous experimental studies on single-cell Nb3Sn cavities have shown that the cause of quench is isolated to a localised defect on the cavity surface. Here, cavity temperature mapping has been used to investigate cavity quench behaviour in an Nb3Sn cavity by measuring the temperature at the quench location as the RF field approaches the quench field. The heating profile observed at the quench location prior to quench appears to suggest quantised vortex entry at a defect. To investigate further, the quench region has been removed from the cavity and analysed using SEM methods. These results are compared to theoretical models describing two vortex entry defect candidates: regions of thin-layer tin-depleted Nb3Sn on the cavity surface that lower the flux entry field, and grain boundaries acting as Josephson junctions with a lower critical current than the surrounding material. A theoretical model of layer growth developed using density functional theory is used to discuss alterations to the coating process that could mitigate the formation of such defects.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB041
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THPB042	Field-dependence of the Sensitivity to Trapped Flux in Nb3Sn	844
	D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA D. Liarte, J.P. Sethna Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	The amount of residual resistance gained per unit of trapped flux ' referred to as the trapped flux sensitivity ' in Nb3Sn cavities has been found to be a function of the amplitude of the RF field. This behaviour is consistent with a scenario in which the trapped vortex dynamics are described by collective weak pinning. A model has been developed to describe this, and results in the observed linear dependence of trapped flux sensitivity with RF field. The model is used to discuss cavity preparation methods that might suppress this dependence, which would reduce the trapped flux requirements necessary to operate an Nb3Sn cavity at simultaneous high quality factors and accelerating gradients.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB042
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

High Performance Nb3Sn Cavities

667

D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
T. Arias, P. Cueva, D. Liarte, D.A. Muller, J.P. Sethna, N. Sitaraman
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

In recent years, 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities coated with Nb3Sn at Cornell University have repeatedly demonstrated quality factors of >10¹⁰ at 4.2 K and >15 MV/m. Ongoing research is currently focussed on the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that limit the quality factor and quench field in these cavities. New single-cell cavities have been commissioned to enable further exploration of the coating parameter space. Experimental studies on both cavities and sample coupons have been supplemented by theoretical work done on layer growth, trapped vortex motion and flux entry. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments on Nb3Sn cavities, including work conducted in collaboration with the new NSF Centre for Bright Beams, with a brief summary on work being done in the field at large.

Slides WEXA01 [10.681 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-WEXA01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXA07

Theoretical Estimates of Maximum Fields in Superconducting Resonant Radio Frequency Cavities: Stability Theory, Disorder, and Laminates

D. Liarte, M. Liepe, J.P. Sethna
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
G. Catelani
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Peter Gruenberg Institut, Jülich, Germany
D.L. Hall
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
S. Posen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.K. Transtrum
Brigham Young University, Provo, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award OIA-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams.
Theoretical limits to the performance of superconductors in high magnetic fields parallel to their surfaces are of key relevance to current and future accelerating cavities. We present intuitive arguments and simple estimates for Hsh, and combine them with rigorous calculations. We explore the effects of materials anisotropy and the danger of disorder in nucleating vortex entry. Will we need to control surface orientation in the layered compound MgB2? Can we estimate theoretically whether dirt and defects make these new materials fundamentally more challenging to optimize than niobium? We discuss and analyze recent proposals to use thin superconducting layers or laminates to enhance the performance of superconducting cavities. Flux entering a laminate can lead to so-called pancake vortices; we consider the physics of the dislocation motion and potential re-annihilation or stabilization of these vortices after their entry.

Slides WEXA07 [2.975 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPB040

SRF Theory Developments from the Center for Bright Beams

835

D. Liarte, T. Arias, M. Liepe, J.P. Sethna, N. Sitamaran
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
D.L. Hall
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
A.R. Pack, M.K. Transtrum
Brigham Young University, Provo, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award OIA-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams.
We present theoretical studies of SRF materials from the Center for Bright Beams. First, we discuss the effects of disorder, inhomogeneities, and materials anisotropy on the maximum parallel surface field that a superconductor can sustain in an SRF cavity, using linear stability in conjunction with Ginzburg-Landau and Eilenberger theory. We connect our disorder mediated vortex nucleation model to current experimental developments of Nb3Sn and other cavity materials. Second, we use time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations to explore the role of inhomogeneities in nucleating vortices, and discuss the effects of trapped magnetic flux on the residual resistance of weakly-pinned Nb3Sn cavities. Third, we present first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to uncover and characterize the key fundamental materials processes underlying the growth of Nb3Sn. Our calculations indicate that the observed tin-depleted regions may be the direct result of an exothermic reaction between Nb3Sn and Nb at the growing Nb/Nb3Sn interface. We suggest new growth protocols to mitigate the formation of tin depleted regions.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB040

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPB041

Cavity Quench Studies in Nb3Sn Using Temperature Mapping and Surface Analysis of Cavity Cut-outs

840

D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
P. Cueva, D. Liarte, D.A. Muller, J.P. Sethna
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Previous experimental studies on single-cell Nb3Sn cavities have shown that the cause of quench is isolated to a localised defect on the cavity surface. Here, cavity temperature mapping has been used to investigate cavity quench behaviour in an Nb3Sn cavity by measuring the temperature at the quench location as the RF field approaches the quench field. The heating profile observed at the quench location prior to quench appears to suggest quantised vortex entry at a defect. To investigate further, the quench region has been removed from the cavity and analysed using SEM methods. These results are compared to theoretical models describing two vortex entry defect candidates: regions of thin-layer tin-depleted Nb3Sn on the cavity surface that lower the flux entry field, and grain boundaries acting as Josephson junctions with a lower critical current than the surrounding material. A theoretical model of layer growth developed using density functional theory is used to discuss alterations to the coating process that could mitigate the formation of such defects.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB041

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPB042

Field-dependence of the Sensitivity to Trapped Flux in Nb3Sn

844

D.L. Hall, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
D. Liarte, J.P. Sethna
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

The amount of residual resistance gained per unit of trapped flux ' referred to as the trapped flux sensitivity ' in Nb3Sn cavities has been found to be a function of the amplitude of the RF field. This behaviour is consistent with a scenario in which the trapped vortex dynamics are described by collective weak pinning. A model has been developed to describe this, and results in the observed linear dependence of trapped flux sensitivity with RF field. The model is used to discuss cavity preparation methods that might suppress this dependence, which would reduce the trapped flux requirements necessary to operate an Nb3Sn cavity at simultaneous high quality factors and accelerating gradients.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-SRF2017-THPB042

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)