• J.C. Smith, L. Gibbons, J.R. Patterson, D. L. Rubin
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
• D. Sagan
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
• P. Tenenbaum
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The International Linear Collider (ILC) alignment tolerances require more sophisticated alignment techniques than those provided by survey alone. Various Beam-Based Alignment algorithms have been proposed to achieve the desired low emittance preservation. These algorithms are compared and their merits identified using the TAO accelerator simulation program.

• D. Sagan
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
• J.C. Smith
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York

A new accelerator design and analysis simulation environment based on the BMAD relativistic charged particle dynamics library is in development at Cornell University. Called TAO (Tool for Accelerator Optimization), it is a machine independent program that implements the essential ingredients needed to solve simulation problems. This includes the ability to: 1. Design lattices subject to constraints, 2. Simulate errors and changes in machine parameters, and 3. Simulate machine commissioning including simulating data measurement and correction. TAO is designed to be easily customizable so that extending it to solve new and different problems is straight forward. The capability to simultaneously model multiple accelerator lattices, both linacs and storage rings, and injection from one lattice to another allows for the design and commissioning of large multi stage accelerators. It can also simultaneously model multiple configurations of a single lattice. Single particle, particle beam and macroparticle tracking is implemented. Use of TAO with both the International Linear Collider and the Cornell Energy Recovery Linac are provided as examples.

• J.T. Urban, L.J. Fields, D. Sagan
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York

BMAD is a subroutine library for simulating relativistic charged-particle dynamics. It has been used extensively as a diagnostic tool at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The BMAD libraries have recently been extended to include modeling of the dynamics of linear accelerators. Calculations of emittance dilution due to orbit offsets and misalignments have been compared with LIAR, Merlin and PLACET, and good agreement is found with both particle and macroparticle tracking through the NLC and Tesla lattices for the bunch compressor, main linac and final focus regions.

• G. Hoffstaetter, S.A. Belomestnykh, J.S.-H. Choi, Z. Greenwald, M. Liepe, H. Padamsee, D. Sagan, C. Song, R.M. Talman, M. Tigner
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
• I.V. Bazarov, K.W. Smolenski
  Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
• D.H. Bilderback, M.G. Billing, S.M. Gruner, Y. Li, C.K. Sinclair
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York

We describe the status of plans to build an Energy-Recovery Linac (ERL) X-ray facility at Cornell University. This 5 GeV ERL is an upgrade of the CESR ring that currently powers the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). Due to its very small electron-beam emittances, it would dramatically improve the capabilities of the light source and result in X-ray beams orders of magnitude better than any existing storage ring light source. The emittances are based upon simulations for currents that are competitive with ring-based sources. The ERL design that is presented has to allow for non-destructive transport of these small emittances. The design includes a series of X-ray beamlines for specific areas of research. As an upgrade of the existing storage ring, special attention is given to reuse of many of the existing ring components. Options of bunch compression are discussed, tolerances for emittance growth are specified, and simulations of the beam-breakup instability and methods of increasing its threshold current are shown. This planned upgrade illustrates how other existing storage rings could be upgraded as ERL light sources with vastly improved beam qualities.