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Johnson, R.P.

Paper Title Page
TPPP013 Simulations of Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling of Muon Beams 1321
 
  • K. Beard, S.A. Bogacz, Y.S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R.P. Johnson, K. Paul, T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • K. Yonehara
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE SBIR grants DE-FG02-03ER83722, and 04ER84016.

The technique of using a parametric resonance to allow better ionization cooling is being developed to create small beams so that high collider luminosity can be achieved with fewer muons. In the linear channel that is studied in this effort, a half integer resonance is induced such that the normal elliptical motion of particles in x-x' phase space becomes hyperbolic, with particles moving to smaller x and larger x' as they pass down the channel. Thin absorbers placed at the focal points of the channel then cool the angular divergence of the beam by the usual ionization cooling mechanism where each absorber is followed by RF cavities. Thus the phase space of the beam is compressed in transverse position by the dynamics of the resonance and its angular divergence is compressed by the ionization cooling mechanism. We report the first results of simulations of this process, including comparisons to theoretical cooling rates and studies of sensitivity to variations in absorber thickness and initial beam conditions.

 
TPPP014 Ionization Cooling Using a Parametric Resonance 1374
 
  • Y.S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE SBIR grant DE-FG02-04ER84016.

Muon collider luminosity depends on the number of muons in the storage ring and on the transverse size of the beams in collision. Ionization cooling as it is presently envisioned will not cool the beam sizes sufficiently well to provide adequate luminosity without large muon intensities. A new idea to combine ionization cooling with parametric resonances has been developed that will lead to beams with much smaller sizes so that high luminosity in a muon collider can be achieved with fewer muons. In the linear channel described here, a half integer resonance is induced such that the normal elliptical motion of particles in x-x' phase space becomes hyperbolic, with particles moving to smaller x and larger x' as they pass down the channel. Thin absorbers placed at the focal points of the channel then cool the angular divergence of the beam by the usual ionization cooling mechanism where each absorber is followed by RF cavities. We discuss the theory of Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling, including the sensitivity to aberrations and the need to start with a beam that has already been cooled adequately.

 
TPPP050 Novel Muon Cooling Channels Using Hydrogen Refrigeration and High Temperature Superconductor 3126
 
  • L. DelFrate, E. Barzi, D. Turrioni
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • M. Alsharo'a, R.P. Johnson, M. Kuchnir
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-FG02-04ER86191.

Ionization cooling, a method for shrinking the size of a muon beam, requires a low Z energy absorber, high-field magnets, and high gradient RF. It is proposed to use one gaseous hydrogen system to provide ionization energy loss for muon beam cooling, breakdown suppression for pressurized high-gradient RF cavities, and refrigeration for superconducting magnets and cold RF cavities. We report progress on the design of a cryostat and refrigeration system that circulates hydrogen through magnetic coils, RF cavities, and the absorber volume to achieve a safe, robust means to enable exceptionally bright muon beams. We find that the design can be greatly simplified if a high temperature superconductor can be used that has the capability to carry adequate current in fields above 10 T at a temperature above 33 K, the critical temperature of hydrogen.

 
TPPP052 Simulations of a Gas-Filled Helical Muon Beam Cooling Channel 3215
 
  • K. Yonehara, D.M. Kaplan
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
  • K. Beard, S.A. Bogacz, Y.S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R.P. Johnson, K. Paul, T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE STTR/SBIR grants DE-FG02-02ER86145 and 03ER83722.

A helical cooling channel (HCC) has been proposed to quickly reduce the six-dimensional phase space of muon beams for muon colliders, neutrino factories, and intense muon sources. The HCC is composed of a series of RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas that acts as the energy absorber for ionization cooling and suppresses RF breakdown in the cavities. Magnetic solenoidal, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole coils outside of the RF cavities provide the focusing and dispersion needed for the emittance exchange for the beam as it follows a helical equilibrium orbit down the HCC. In the work presented here, two Monte Carlo programs have been developed to simulate a HCC to compare with the analytic predictions and to begin the process of optimizing practical designs that could be built in the near future. We discuss the programs, the comparisons with the analytical theory, and the prospects for a HCC design with the capability to reduce the six-dimensional phase space emittance of a muon beam by a factor of over five orders of magnitude in a linear channel less than 100 meters long.

 
TPPP053 Thin RF Windows for High-Pressure Gas-Filled Cavities 3224
 
  • M. Alsharo'a, R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • M. Gosz, D.M. Kaplan, S. Nair
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
  • A. Moretti, G. Romanov
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-FG02-02ER86145.

RF cavities for muon ionization cooling channels can have RF windows over their ends to create better internal voltage profiles and to make them independent of each other. To be effective, the conducting window material must be sufficiently transparent to the muons to not affect the beam cooling, which means low mass and low Z. In the case of pressurized RF cavities, as to opposed to those that operate in vacuum, the RF window design is simplified because the heat deposited in the windows from the RF and the beam is carried off by the hydrogen gas. In this report we analyze the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of a simple beryllium grid structure to improve the performance of pressurized RF cavities that are to be used for muon beam cooling.

 
TPPP054 Studies of RF Breakdown of Metals in Dense Gases 3259
 
  • P.M. Hanlet, M. Alsharo'a, R.P. Johnson, M. Kuchnir, K. Paul
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • C.M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, V. Yarba
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D.M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-FG02-02ER86145.

A study of RF breakdown of metals in gases has begun as part of a program to develop RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas to be used for muon ionization cooling. A pressurized 800 MHz test cell has been used at Fermilab to compare the conditioning and breakdown behavior of copper, molybdenum, chromium, and beryllium electrodes as functions of hydrogen and helium gas density. These results are compared to the predicted or known RF breakdown behavior of these metals in vacuum.

 
TPPP055 Simultaneous Bunching and Precooling Muon Beams with Gas-Filled RF Cavities 3295
 
  • K. Paul, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • Y.S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • D.V. Neuffer
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE SBIR grant DE-FG02-03ER83722.

High-gradient, pressurized RF cavities are investigated as a means to improve the capture efficiency, to effect phase rotation to reduce momentum spread, and to reduce the angular divergence of a muon beam. Starting close to the pion production target to take advantage of the short incident proton bunch, a series of pressurized RF cavities imbedded in a strong solenoidal field is used to capture, cool, and bunch the muon beam. We discuss the anticipated improvements from this approach to the first stage of a muon cooling channel as well as the requirements of the RF cavities needed to provide high gradients while operating in intense magnetic and radiation fields.

 
TPPP056 MANX, A 6-D Muon Cooling Demonstration Experiment 3331
 
  • T.J. Roberts, M. Alsharo'a, P.M. Hanlet, R.P. Johnson, M. Kuchnir, K. Paul
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • C.M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, V. Yarba
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D.M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE SBIR grant DE-FG02-04ER84015.

Most ionization cooling schemes now under consideration are based on using many large flasks of liquid hydrogen energy absorber. One important example is the proposed Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), which has recently been approved to run at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). In the work reported here, a potential muon cooling demonstration experiment based on a continuous liquid energy absorber in a helical cooling channel (HCC) is discussed. The original HCC used a gaseous energy absorber for the engineering advantage of combining the energy absorption and RF energy regeneration in hydrogen-filled RF cavities. In the Muon And Neutrino eXperiment (MANX) that is proposed here, a liquid-filled HCC is used without RF energy regeneration to achieve the largest possible cooling rate in six dimensions. In this case, the magnetic fields of the HCC must diminish as the muons lose momentum as they pass through the liquid energy absorber. The length of the MANX device is determined by the maximum momentum of the muon test beam and the maximum practical field that can be sustained at the magnet coils. We have studied a 3 meter-long HCC example that could be inserted between the MICE spectrometers at RAL.

 
WPAT029 The RF Experimental Program in the Fermilab MUCOOL Test Area 2104
 
  • J. Norem
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • A. Bross, A. Moretti, Z. Qian
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • D. Li, M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R.A. Rimmer
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R. Sandstrom
    CUI, Geneva
  • Y. Torun
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois
 
  Funding: DOE

The rf R&D program for high gradient, low frequency cavities to be used in muon cooling systems is underway in the Fermilab Muon Test Area. Cavities at 805 and 201 MHz are used for tests of conditioning techniques, surface modification and breakdown studies. This work has the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) as its immediate goal and efficient muon cooling systems for neutrino sources and muon colliders as the long term goal. We study breakdown, and dark current productions under a variety of conditions.

 
ROAA005 Recent Innovations in Muon Beam Cooling and Prospects for Muon Colliders 419
 
  • R.P. Johnson, M. Alsharo'a, P.M. Hanlet, R. E. Hartline, M. Kuchnir, K. Paul, T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • C.M. Ankenbrandt, E. Barzi, L. DelFrate, I.G. Gonin, A. Moretti, D.V. Neuffer, M. Popovic, G. Romanov, D. Turrioni, V. Yarba
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • K. Beard, S.A. Bogacz, Y.S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • D.M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by DOE SBIR/STTR grants DE-FG02-02ER86145, 03ER83722, 04ER84015, 04ER86191, and 04ER84016.

A six-dimensional(6D)cooling channel based on helical magnets surrounding RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas* is used to achieve the small transverse emittances demanded by a high-luminosity muon collider. This helical cooling channel**(HCC) has solenoidal, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole magnetic fields to generate emittance exchange. Simulations verify the analytic predictions and have shown a 6D emittance reduction of over 3 orders of magnitude in a 100 m HCC segment. Using three such sequential HCC segments, where the RF frequencies are increased and transverse dimensions reduced as the beams become cooler, implies a 6D emittance reduction of almost six orders of magnitude. After this, two new post-cooling ideas can be employed to reduce transverse emittances to one or two mm-mr, which allows high luminosity with fewer muons than previously imagined. In this report we discuss the status of and the plans for the HCC simulation and engineering efforts. We also describe the new post-cooling ideas and comment on the prospects for a Higgs factory or energy frontier muon collider using existing laboratory infrastructure.

*R. P. Johnson et al. LINAC2004, www.muonsinc.com/TU203.pdf. **Y. Derbenev and R.P. Johnson, Submitted to PRSTAB, http://www-mucool.fnal.gov/mcnotes/public/pdf/muc0284/muc0284.pdf.