LINAC2012 - Classification: 01 Electron Accelerators and Applications / 1F Industrial and Medical Accelerators

Paper

Title

Page

Linear Accelerator based on Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure

19

A.E. Levichev, A.M. Barnyakov, V.M. Pavlov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Y.D. Chernousov
ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev
ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Accelerating stand based on parallel coupled accelerating structure and electron gun is developed and produced. The structure consists of five accelerating cavities. The RF power feeding of accelerating cavities is provided by common exciting cavity which is performed from rectangular waveguide loaded by reactive pins. Operating frequency is 2450 MHz. Electron gun is made on the basis of RF triode. Linear accelerator was tested with different working regimes. The obtained results are following: energy is up to 4 MeV, accelerating current is up to 300 mA with pulse duration of 2.5 ns on the half of the width; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 100 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 120 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs and beam capture of 100%. The descriptions of the accelerator elements are given in the report. The features of the parallel coupled accelerating structure are discussed. The results of the measuring accelerator’s parameters are presented.

MOPLB04

A 10 MeV L-band Linac for Irradiation Applications in China

147

G. Pei, Y.L. Chi, M.H. Dai, D.Y. He, X. He, X. Li, J. Liu, C. Ma, X. Wang, C.H. Yu, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. Feng, H. Huang, S. Shi, E. Tang, X. Yang, Q. Yuan, Z. Zhu
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
Z. Li, X. Zhang
Wuxi EL PONT Radiation Technology Ltd, Wuxi, People's Republic of China

The electron linear accelerator has wide applications, and the demands are keeping growing for the irradiation applications in China. A high beam power 10 MeV L-band Linac has been developed recently as a joint venture of Institute of High Energy Physics and EL-PONT Company. The Thales TH2104U klystron, 3 A thermionic electron gun and three meter L-band disk-loaded constant impedance RF structure are adopted. A stable electron beam of 10 MeV, 40 kW has been obtained in the last May with a microwave to beam efficiency of about 65%. In this paper we will present the detailed design issues and beam commissioning.

Slides MOPLB04 [1.800 MB]

MOPLB05

Applications of Compact Dielectric-Based Accelerators

150

C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, W. Gai, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, USA

Important progress on the development of dielectric based accelerators has been made experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. One advantage of dielectric accelerators over the metallic counterparts is its compact size, which may attract some applications in industrial or medical accelerators. In this article, we discuss the design and technologies of dielectric based accelerators toward these needs.

MOPB046

A 10 MeV L-band Linac for Irradiation Applications in China

276

G. Pei, Y.L. Chi, M.H. Dai, D.Y. He, X. He, X. Li, J. Liu, C. Ma, X. Wang, X.W. Yang, C.H. Yu, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. Feng, H. Huang, S. Shi, E. Tang, X. Yang, Q. Yuan, Z. Zhu
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
Z. Li, X. Zhang
Wuxi EL PONT Radiation Technology Ltd, Wuxi, People's Republic of China

The electron linear accelerator has wide applications, and the demands are keeping growing for the irradiation applications in China. A high beam power 10 MeV L-band Linac has been developed recently as a joint venture of Institute of High Energy Physics and EL-PONT Company. The Thales TH2104U klystron, 3 A thermionic electron gun and three meter L-band disk-loaded constant impedance RF structure are adopted. A stable electron beam of 10 MeV, 40 kW has been obtained in the last May with a microwave to beam efficiency of about 65%. In this paper we will present the detailed design issues and beam commissioning.

MOPB047

Applications of Compact Dielectric Based Accelerators

279

C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, W. Gai, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, USA

Important progress on the development of dielectric based accelerators has been made experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. One advantage of dielectric accelerators over the metallic counterparts is its compact size, which may attract some applications in industrial or medical accelerators. In this article, we discuss the design and technologies of dielectric based accelerators toward these needs.

MOPB048

Linear Accelerator Based on Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure

282

A.E. Levichev, A.M. Barnyakov, V.M. Pavlov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Y.D. Chernousov
ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev
ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Accelerating stand based on parallel coupled accelerating structure and electron gun is developed and produced. The structure consists of five accelerating cavities. The RF power feeding of accelerating cavities is provided by common exciting cavity which is performed from rectangular waveguide loaded by reactive pins. Operating frequency is 2450 MHz. Electron gun is made on the basis of RF triode. Linear accelerator was tested with different working regimes. The obtained results are following: energy is up to 4 MeV, accelerating current is up to 300 mA with pulse duration of 2.5 ns on the half of the width; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 100 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 120 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs and beam capture of 100%. The descriptions of the accelerator elements are given in the report. The features of the parallel coupled accelerating structure are discussed. The results of the measuring accelerator’s parameters are presented.

MOPB049

Design of Compact C-Band Standing-Wave Accelerator for Medical Radiotherapy

285

H. Yang, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
S.H. Kim
ANL, Argonne, USA
J.-S. Oh
NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Work supported by POSTECH Physics BK21 Program.
We design a C-band standing-wave accelerator for an X-ray and electron source of medical radiotherapy. The accelerator system is operated two modes, using the X-ray and electron beams. Since two modes require different energy, the accelerator is capable of producing 6-MeV, 100-mA pulsed electron beams with peak 2-MW RF power, and 7.5-MeV, 50 mA electron beams with peak 2.5-MW RF power. The beam is focused by less than 1 mm without external magnets. The accelerating structure is a bi-periodic and on-axis-coupled structure with a built-in bunching section, which consists of 3 bunching cells, 14 normal cells and a coupling cell. It is operated with the π/2-mode standing-wave. The bunching cells are designed to enhance the RF phase focusing. Each cavity is designed by the MWS code within 3% inter-cell coupling. In this paper, we present design details of RF cavities and the beam dynamics.

MOPB051

Changing Attitude to Radiation Hazards and Consequent Opportunities for LINAC Applications

288

Y. Socol
Falcon Analytics, Netanya, Israel

High-energy LINACs unavoidably yield ionizing radiation. This fact makes them subject to strict regulations and considerably limits applications. During the last two decades the attitude to ionizing radiation hazards seems to become more balanced, as opposed to "radiophobia" of the Cold-War era. Scientifically, the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage is more and more questioned. Moreover, the hypotheses of radiation hormesis - beneficial effect of low-dose radiation - is studied. While this scientific debate has not yet given fruit regarding radiation regulation and policy, we may expect this in near to middle term. Namely, the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) demand is anticipated to be substituted by some tolerance level, which in turn is anticipated to be very high according to the present standards. The presentation will review the present status of the radiation-hazard debate, and outline anticipated opportunities for LINAC applications, like compact designs and wider industrial outreach.

Paper	Title	Page
SUPB009	Linear Accelerator based on Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure	19
	A.E. Levichev, A.M. Barnyakov, V.M. Pavlov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Y.D. Chernousov ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Accelerating stand based on parallel coupled accelerating structure and electron gun is developed and produced. The structure consists of five accelerating cavities. The RF power feeding of accelerating cavities is provided by common exciting cavity which is performed from rectangular waveguide loaded by reactive pins. Operating frequency is 2450 MHz. Electron gun is made on the basis of RF triode. Linear accelerator was tested with different working regimes. The obtained results are following: energy is up to 4 MeV, accelerating current is up to 300 mA with pulse duration of 2.5 ns on the half of the width; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 100 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 120 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs and beam capture of 100%. The descriptions of the accelerator elements are given in the report. The features of the parallel coupled accelerating structure are discussed. The results of the measuring accelerator’s parameters are presented.

MOPLB04	A 10 MeV L-band Linac for Irradiation Applications in China	147
	G. Pei, Y.L. Chi, M.H. Dai, D.Y. He, X. He, X. Li, J. Liu, C. Ma, X. Wang, C.H. Yu, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. Feng, H. Huang, S. Shi, E. Tang, X. Yang, Q. Yuan, Z. Zhu Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China Z. Li, X. Zhang Wuxi EL PONT Radiation Technology Ltd, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
	The electron linear accelerator has wide applications, and the demands are keeping growing for the irradiation applications in China. A high beam power 10 MeV L-band Linac has been developed recently as a joint venture of Institute of High Energy Physics and EL-PONT Company. The Thales TH2104U klystron, 3 A thermionic electron gun and three meter L-band disk-loaded constant impedance RF structure are adopted. A stable electron beam of 10 MeV, 40 kW has been obtained in the last May with a microwave to beam efficiency of about 65%. In this paper we will present the detailed design issues and beam commissioning.
	Slides MOPLB04 [1.800 MB]

MOPLB05	Applications of Compact Dielectric-Based Accelerators	150
	C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, W. Gai, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, USA
	Important progress on the development of dielectric based accelerators has been made experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. One advantage of dielectric accelerators over the metallic counterparts is its compact size, which may attract some applications in industrial or medical accelerators. In this article, we discuss the design and technologies of dielectric based accelerators toward these needs.

MOPB046	A 10 MeV L-band Linac for Irradiation Applications in China	276
	G. Pei, Y.L. Chi, M.H. Dai, D.Y. He, X. He, X. Li, J. Liu, C. Ma, X. Wang, X.W. Yang, C.H. Yu, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. Feng, H. Huang, S. Shi, E. Tang, X. Yang, Q. Yuan, Z. Zhu Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China Z. Li, X. Zhang Wuxi EL PONT Radiation Technology Ltd, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
	The electron linear accelerator has wide applications, and the demands are keeping growing for the irradiation applications in China. A high beam power 10 MeV L-band Linac has been developed recently as a joint venture of Institute of High Energy Physics and EL-PONT Company. The Thales TH2104U klystron, 3 A thermionic electron gun and three meter L-band disk-loaded constant impedance RF structure are adopted. A stable electron beam of 10 MeV, 40 kW has been obtained in the last May with a microwave to beam efficiency of about 65%. In this paper we will present the detailed design issues and beam commissioning.

MOPB047	Applications of Compact Dielectric Based Accelerators	279
	C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, P. Schoessow Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, W. Gai, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, USA
	Important progress on the development of dielectric based accelerators has been made experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. One advantage of dielectric accelerators over the metallic counterparts is its compact size, which may attract some applications in industrial or medical accelerators. In this article, we discuss the design and technologies of dielectric based accelerators toward these needs.

MOPB048	Linear Accelerator Based on Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure	282
	A.E. Levichev, A.M. Barnyakov, V.M. Pavlov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Y.D. Chernousov ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Accelerating stand based on parallel coupled accelerating structure and electron gun is developed and produced. The structure consists of five accelerating cavities. The RF power feeding of accelerating cavities is provided by common exciting cavity which is performed from rectangular waveguide loaded by reactive pins. Operating frequency is 2450 MHz. Electron gun is made on the basis of RF triode. Linear accelerator was tested with different working regimes. The obtained results are following: energy is up to 4 MeV, accelerating current is up to 300 mA with pulse duration of 2.5 ns on the half of the width; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 100 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs; energy is up to 2.5 MeV, accelerating current is up to 120 mA with pulse duration of 5 μs and beam capture of 100%. The descriptions of the accelerator elements are given in the report. The features of the parallel coupled accelerating structure are discussed. The results of the measuring accelerator’s parameters are presented.

MOPB049	Design of Compact C-Band Standing-Wave Accelerator for Medical Radiotherapy	285
	H. Yang, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea S.H. Kim ANL, Argonne, USA J.-S. Oh NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Work supported by POSTECH Physics BK21 Program. We design a C-band standing-wave accelerator for an X-ray and electron source of medical radiotherapy. The accelerator system is operated two modes, using the X-ray and electron beams. Since two modes require different energy, the accelerator is capable of producing 6-MeV, 100-mA pulsed electron beams with peak 2-MW RF power, and 7.5-MeV, 50 mA electron beams with peak 2.5-MW RF power. The beam is focused by less than 1 mm without external magnets. The accelerating structure is a bi-periodic and on-axis-coupled structure with a built-in bunching section, which consists of 3 bunching cells, 14 normal cells and a coupling cell. It is operated with the π/2-mode standing-wave. The bunching cells are designed to enhance the RF phase focusing. Each cavity is designed by the MWS code within 3% inter-cell coupling. In this paper, we present design details of RF cavities and the beam dynamics.

MOPB051	Changing Attitude to Radiation Hazards and Consequent Opportunities for LINAC Applications	288
	Y. Socol Falcon Analytics, Netanya, Israel
	High-energy LINACs unavoidably yield ionizing radiation. This fact makes them subject to strict regulations and considerably limits applications. During the last two decades the attitude to ionizing radiation hazards seems to become more balanced, as opposed to "radiophobia" of the Cold-War era. Scientifically, the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage is more and more questioned. Moreover, the hypotheses of radiation hormesis - beneficial effect of low-dose radiation - is studied. While this scientific debate has not yet given fruit regarding radiation regulation and policy, we may expect this in near to middle term. Namely, the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) demand is anticipated to be substituted by some tolerance level, which in turn is anticipated to be very high according to the present standards. The presentation will review the present status of the radiation-hazard debate, and outline anticipated opportunities for LINAC applications, like compact designs and wider industrial outreach.